香河地区亚微米气溶胶粒子尺度谱分布特征     

孙丽  王普才  张晋广 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(2):26-32

为了解香河地区气溶胶尺度谱的基本特征,自2012年5月起,利用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS)对河北香河地区的亚微米(13.8~723.4 nm)气溶胶尺度谱分布进行了近2 a的测量。基于该数据集,分析了气溶胶尺度谱的季节变化和日变化特征及气象要素对气溶胶浓度的影响。结果发现,观测期间埃根核模态(20.0~100.0 nm)、积聚模态(100.0~723.4 nm),以及总的气溶胶数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度均值分别为7.0×103cm~(-3)、7.5×103cm~(-3)、14.9×103cm~(-3)、1125μm2·cm~(-3)和50μm~3·cm~(-3)。香河地区积聚模态的粒子数浓度接近华北地区其他污染测站的结果,但高于发达国家的测值。冬季气溶胶的平均浓度最高(18.1×10~3cm~(-3)),而春季最低(12.3×10~3cm~(-3))。不同季节,气溶胶的数谱分布主要为单峰分布,平均峰值直径约为105 nm。气溶胶浓度的日变化受机动车排放的影响显著,存在早晚两个高值中心,分别出现在早上的06:00—09:00和晚上的19:00—21:00。风速、风向对气溶胶数浓度的影响较大,低风速(2 m/s)和南风条件,尤其是吹西南风时,气溶胶浓度的增加显著。  相似文献   

新疆植被变化特征及其对降水的响应分析     

李春娥  陶兰花  何芷 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,(2):82-86,89

针对植被对降水响应分析的多为年际尺度且多用气候影响因子分析的问题,本文提出了一种年际与季节性相结合的时间尺度、气候与土壤因子并重的空间相关性分析法.该方法从降水的季节性规律、植被的物候期角度研究植被的年际、季节性空间变化特征,实现了不同时间尺度、空间尺度上植被变化对降水过程的响应情况的分析研究.研究表明:从季节和年际尺...  相似文献   

多尺度τ-p谱及其应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张志禹  高静怀  顾家柳  陈文超 《地球物理学报》1999,42(4):543-548

把小波变换与τ-ｐ变换有机地结合起来,本文提出了多尺度τ-ｐ谱的概念,给出了基于多尺度τ-ｐ谱作滤波处理和波场分离的方法．与通常的τ-ｐ变换相比,该方法将x－t域的地震记录变换到（τ,p,a）或（τ,p,f）空间（即多尺度τ-ｐ谱）．多尺度τ-ｐ谱比通常τ-ｐ谱增加了一维,因此用于波场分离或去噪,前者优于后者．若恰当地选择小波函数,该方法抗噪能力强,计算精度高．文中给出了模型及实际地震资料处理实例;证明了此方法的有效性．  相似文献   

加卸载响应比的数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王裕仓  尹祥础  彭克银  王海涛 《地球物理学报》1999,42(5):669-676

用数值模型来模拟和验证加卸载响应比（ＬＵＲＲＬｏａｄ／Ｕｎｌｏａｄ　ＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＲａｔｉｏ）理论．编制非均匀各向异性材料宏细观损伤破坏程序,模拟固体材料在损伤破坏时的加卸载过程,证实了加卸载响应比理论的正确性．结果表明,ＬＵＲＲ这一反映地球介质临近破坏的指标,也可以用来预测材料的破坏．同时讨论了一些参数（如均匀程度和脆性程序）对ＬＵＲＲ的影响,发现材料越呈脆性,或越均匀,ＬＵＲＲ值上升得越晚,曲线越陡．该结果对用ＬＵＲＲ指标预测地震具有一定启发．  相似文献   

Geomagnetic paleosecular variation at Hawaii around 3 Ma from a sequence of 107 lava flows at Kaena Point (Oahu)     

Carlo Laj  Herv Guillou  Nadia Szeremeta  Robert Coe 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):191-376

We have sampled a sequence of 107 lava flows in the Waianae series on Oahu, Hawaii, in two separate stretches. The first (51 flows) at Kaena Point extends from sea level to an altitude of 190 m, and the second (56 flows) follows the Satellite Tracking Station road from 218 m to 360 m above sea level. Thermal and af demagnetization yield very similar results, and reveal only normal polarities. K/Ar dating at five different horizons combined with the paleomagnetic results indicate that the sequence was emplaced entirely in the normal polarity interval between the Upper Mammoth and the Lower Kaena polarity transitions (3.22–3.11 Ma). Some of the flows are serially correlated. Filtering does not, however, drastically affect the final results. Inclinations are shallower than those expected from a centered dipole field. Although large (13°), the inclination anomaly is consistent with results from other sites at the same latitude. The scatter of the VGPs about the geographic pole is consistent with available data from other regions at similar latitudes. The scatter of the directions is also consistent with the predictions of recent statistical models of paleosecular variation. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis of a Pacific dipole window.  相似文献   

A record of changing redox conditions in the northern Peru Basin during the Late Quaternary deduced from Mn/Fe and growth rate variations in two diagenetic manganese nodules     

A. Bollhfer  N. Frank  S. Rohloff  A. Mangini  J.C. Scholten 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1999,170(4):91-415

Two diagenetic manganese nodules from the Peru Basin were investigated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and high resolution alpha spectrometry for uranium and thorium. The TIMS concentrations for nodule 62KD (63KG) vary as follows: 0.12–1.01 ppb (0.06–0.59) ²³⁰Th, 0.51–1.98 ppm (0.43–1.40) ²³²Th, 0.13–0.80 ppb (0.09–0.49) ²³⁴U, and 1.95–13.47 ppm (1.66–8.24) ²³⁸U. Both nodules have average growth rates of 110 mm per million years. However, from the variations of excess ²³⁰Th with depth we estimate partial accumulation rates which range from 50 to 400 mm per million years. The δ²³⁴U dating method cannot be applied due to remobilization of U from the sediment and subsequent incorporation into the nodules' crystal lattice, reflected by decay corrected δ²³⁴U values far above the ocean water value. Sections of fast nodule growth are related to those layers having high Mn/Fe ratios (up to 200) and higher densities. As a possible explanation we develop a scenario that describes similar glacial/interglacial trends in both nodules as a record of regional changes of sediment and/or deep water chemistry.  相似文献   

长北地区生油岩干酪根的特征     

商出岫  丁桂蓉 《吉林地质》1999,18(2):42-45

本文应用元素、碳同位素和红外光谱分析,研究了长北地区生油岩干酪根的地球化学特征,结果表明该地区生油岩为陆相淡水湖相沉积,干酪根类型主要为腐殖型。随着埋深增加,同类型干酪根的成熟度增大。  相似文献   

降雨年际气候变化的非线性动力统计模拟预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

严华生  曹杰  谢应齐  季崇萍  郭世昌 《气象学报》1999,57(4):502-508

文中应用非线性动力统计方法来模拟降水年际气候变化。经过对中国４２ 个测点近百年降雨变化的模拟预测检验,取得了较好的效果,并得出了一些有意义的结论。关键词：非线性,动力统计,模拟预测。  相似文献   

真鲷仔鱼早期阶段的摄食能力──发育反应和功能反应   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

殷名称  鲍宝龙  苏锦祥 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(6):591-596

于１９９５年４月￣１９９６年５月在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所小麦岛苗种基地,采用梯度试验方法在不同褶皱臂尾轮虫饵料密度下２￣１２日龄真鲷仔鱼的摄食率和摄食强度,通过拟合发育反应和功能反应模型模型的数据来评价真鲷仔鱼早期阶段的摄食能力。结果表明,从仔鱼开口２日龄至１２日龄,摄食强度从０．３１６μｇ／ｈ提高到１．３７４μｇ／ｈ;摄食成功率从５９％提高到７０％,平均摄食发生率从０．４６９μ ｇ／ｈ  相似文献   

Experimental evidence for flexibility of a building foundation supported by concrete friction piles     

M. D. Trifunac  S. S. Ivanov  M. I. Todorovska  E. I. Novikova  A. A. Gladkov 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(3):375

This article explores the possibility to measure deformations of building foundations from measurements of ambient noise and strong motion recordings. The case under study is a seven-storey hotel building in Van Nuys, California. It has been instrumented by strong motion accelerographs, and has recorded several earthquakes, including the 1971 San Fernando (M_L=6.6, R=22 km), 1987 Whittier–Narrows (M_L=5.9, R=41 km), 1992 Landers (M_L=7.5, R=186 km), 1992 Big Bear (M_L=6.5, R=149 km), and 1994 Northridge (M_L=6.4, R=1.5 km) earthquake and its aftershocks (20 March: M_L=5.2, R=1.2 km; 6 December, 1994: M_L=4.3, R=11 km). It suffered minor structural damage in 1971 earthquake and extensive damage in 1994. Two detailed ambient vibration tests were performed following the Northridge earthquake, one before and the other one after the 20 March aftershock. These included measurements at a grid of points on the ground floor and in the parking lot surrounding the building, presented and analyzed in this article. The analysis shows that the foundation system, consisting of grade beams on friction piles, does not act as a “rigid body” but deforms during the passage of microtremor and therefore earthquake waves. For this geometrically and by design essentially symmetric building, the center of stiffness of the foundation system appears to have large eccentricity (this is seen both from the microtremor measurements and from the earthquake recordings). This eccentricity may have contributed to strong coupling of transverse and torsional responses, and to larger than expected torsional response, contributing to damage during the 1994 Northridge, earthquake.  相似文献