ABR反应器结构对水力特性的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

胡细全  刘大银  蔡鹤生 《地球科学》2004,29(3):369-374

ABR反应器的结构决定了反应器的流态, 从而控制着可能达到的处理效率.为进行反应器结构优化设计, 首次研究了ABR的下、上向流室宽度比、折流板底端距底板距离和折流板折角等结构参数与ABR水力特性之间的关系.厌氧折流板反应器ABR的典型结构由一系列相同结构单元串联组成.反应器的水力特性可通过研究单个单元的水力特性推知.采用停留时间分布RTD (residence time distribution)方法研究了反应器各结构参数的变化对一个5.2 5L的ABR单元清水水力特性的影响.结果表明: ABR的死区较小, 远低于其他厌氧生物反应器; 流态接近理想推流式; 下、上向流室宽度比不宜过小, 最佳值为1∶3;折流板底端距底板距离与死区在本试验所取范围内(1~ 5cm)成正比关系; 折流板折角以50°左右为佳.   相似文献   

无氧功实验适宜负荷确定方法的研究     

洪涛  杨善君  郑根发  徐鑫明  范跃 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(3)

为更准确的确定自行车无氧实验的适宜负荷，对４３名（１５岁～２１岁）受试者进行了Ｗｉｎｇａｔｅ法无氧功复实验，并对三种间接推算无氧功率适宜负荷的方法进行了比较。结果显示：用直接筛选法确定的适宜负荷与体重、腿围、腿力均高度相关。但与腿力的相关程度最高，与腿围的相关程度次之，与体重的相关程度最低。作者认为，体重、大腿围只能间接的反映腿部力量。用形态系数法和Ｗｉｎｇａｔｅ法确定无氧功率实验适宜负荷时，其准确性易受肌肉质量、训练水平等个体差异的影响。腿力百分比法确定的适宜负有适合于各个项目不同层次的受试者。腿力百分比法会成为一种新的更为准确的无氧功率实验适宜负荷间接确定法。  相似文献   

中性厌氧环境中硫酸盐还原菌导致锌的腐蚀行为研究     

全雨  窦雯雯  韩晓梅  蒲亚男  宋翼  陈守刚 《海洋科学》2020,44(11):28-35

以锌为研究对象，使用表面表征方法和电化学测试，研究了一个培养周期内硫酸盐还原菌（Sulfate-reducing bacteria，SRB）Desulfovibrio vulgaris（D.vulgaris）引起锌（Zn）试样腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明，SRB导致Zn试样发生了严重的均匀腐蚀和点蚀。浸泡7天后，SRB体系中的Zn试样平均失重为32.2 mg/cm²，是无菌培养基中试样平均失重的42倍，腐蚀产物主要为ZnS。生物膜和腐蚀产物膜的累积在培养初期可以减缓金属基体与溶液界面的电子传输过程，导致腐蚀速率减缓。培养中后期，由于生物膜和腐蚀产物膜的阻隔作用，导致混合膜层底部有机碳源缺乏，SRB转向Zn获取自身所需电子，表现为腐蚀速率上升。  相似文献   

~(35)SO_4~(2-)示踪法测定九龙江河口沉积中硫酸盐还原速率     

尹希杰  孙治雷  徐勇航  李云海  邵长伟 《海洋学报》2015,37(4):83-93

在2011年7月利用35SO2-4培养示踪法测定九龙江河口两个站位(A站位位于咸淡混合区,盐度3~5;B站位位于海相区,盐度20~25)沉积柱中硫酸盐还原速率的垂直分布。结果显示A站位沉积柱中硫酸盐还原速率变化范围为54~2 345nmol/(cm3·d),从表层到底部先增大后减小,最大值出现在20cm深度附近;B站位硫酸盐还原速率在24~987nmol/(cm3·d)之间,分别在10cm和78cm深度附近出现两个峰值,分别为876nmol/(cm3·d)和987nmol/(cm3·d)。综合分析两个站位孔隙水中SO2-4、甲烷浓度和沉积物中总有机碳、温度和氧化还原电位的垂直变化趋势与其硫酸盐还原速率的分布规律,表明A站位沉积物中硫酸盐还原以有机矿化为主;B站位受到有机质矿化和甲烷厌氧氧化的共同作用;两个站位硫酸盐还原速率及垂直分布趋势受孔隙水中SO2-4浓度、有机质活性和温度的共同影响;根据各个层位硫酸盐还原速率估算两个站位硫酸盐还原通量(以硫计)分别为527.9mmol/(m2·d)和357.1mmol/(m2·d),表明硫酸盐还原是九龙江河口有机质厌氧矿化的重要路径。  相似文献   

Iron geochemistry under mussel rafts in the Galician ria system (Galicia-NW Spain)     

Xosé L. Otero  R.M. Calvo de AntaFelipe Macías 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The intensive mussel culture carried out in the past 40 years in the Rias of Vigo and Arousa (Galicia-NW Spain) has led to substantial changes in the ecology and geochemistry of the seabed in these areas. Organic C enrichment of the seabed has generated strongly reducing conditions that directly affect the geochemistry of Fe and S. In the present study a total of six sediment cores were collected from the seabed under mussel rafts, and two different layers were distinguished: the biodeposit generated by the mussels, and the sediment situated immediately below this. Samples of each were analyzed to determine the pH, redox potential, sulphate and chloride in the interstitial water, as well as total percentage of organic C (TOC), N and S. Sequential extraction of the samples differentiated six fractions of Fe: exchangeable, carbonate, ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite, goethite and pyrite. The contents of total Fe, Fe associated with silicates, Fe soluble in 1 M HCl and AVS-Fe were also determined. In general, both the biodeposit and the sediment were anoxic (Eh < 100 mV) and there were no significant differences between the two in the total Fe or in the Fe associated with silicates, which appears to indicate that the input of Fe to the system did not vary greatly. However, there were significant differences between the sediment and the biodeposit in terms of the forms of Fe in each layer. The concentrations of pyrite in the biodeposit (0.37 ± 0.25 μmol g⁻¹) were high but significantly lower than in the sediment (1.10 ± 0.20 μmol g⁻¹), and there remained large quantities of reactive-Fe that were susceptible to pyritisation. In contrast, in the sediment, the reactive-Fe was intensively pyritised, and judging from the ratio of TOC–DOP, it limited synthesis of pyrite. Furthermore, a plot of the concentration of pyrite-S against TOC revealed an excess of ∼15% of pyrite-S, which is explained by the partial decoupling of pyrite formation from organic matter accumulation, caused by the formation of pyrite from the H₂S generated by the anaerobic oxidation of methane. The latter process also appears to favour, although to a lesser extent, the precipitation of Ca carbonate, with incorporation of Fe.  相似文献   

Reservoir geochemistry of South Pass 61 Field, Gulf of Mexico: compositional heterogeneities reflecting filling history and biodegradation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.G. Holba  L.I.P. Dzou  J.J. Hickey  S.G. Franks  S.J. May  T. Lenney 《Organic Geochemistry》1996,24(12):1179-1198

Cluster analysis of GC data for gasoline and mid-range hydrocarbon ratios from fifty-one South Pass 61 Field oils reveals geochemically similar oil clusters corresponding to geographically coherent groups. Insight into the groupings is obtained from examination of indicators of geochemical processes, e.g., anaerobic biodegradation, aerobic biodegradation and extensive remigration of light ends. Six duplicate samples collected in 1986 and 1992 as well as replicate runs on a single sample showed excellent analytical reproducibility.Subtle but consistent differences in both gasoline and oil-range hydrocarbon maturity indicators are observed between the east, west, and far west flanks of the field, suggesting filling of different segments of the reservoir from different kitchens at slightly different stages of thermal maturity or with slightly different chemical character. The west flank of the salt dome was charged with slightly more thermally mature petroleum than the east flank. The stratigraphically oldest and deepest sand on the far west flank has received the most mature petroleum. Different fluid contacts and GORs are observed in different sands and different fault blocks. The stacked pay geometry of the field and widespread faulting have led to considerable remigration of gas and condensate as observed in other fields in the Gulf of Mexico (Thompson, 1987).Biodegradation varies in severity with depth and reservoir zone, but is frequently overprinted by remigration of light end hydrocarbons. Anaerobic biodegradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria is probably the cause of light to moderate alteration in intermediate depth Pliocene sands which are hydraulically connected to the salt dome (with dissolution of anhydrite from the salt dome providing the sulfate). Widespread late pyrite formation in reservoir sandstones is inferred to represent the ultimate sink for reduced sulfur from sulfate reduction during oil biodegradation. Co-produced water compositions suggest no oxygenated freshwater infusion.  相似文献   

ABR反应器基质降解动力学有关参数的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王存政  李建萍  黄继国  李辉  陆要斌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,(Z1)

通过静态模拟实验探讨了厌氧折流板反应器各级基质降解动力学。试验结果表明在25℃条件下,各级有机底物最大比降解速率Vmax和饱和常数Ks分别依次为3.06/d-1、1.52/d-1、0.97/d-1和20157.89mg/L、2947.38mg/L、7007.40mg/L。通过各级Vmax的比较可知,级中微生物活性最大,微生物处于对数增殖期,而、级中微生物处于减速增殖期或内源呼吸期。  相似文献   

城市固体废弃物好氧填埋的可行性研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

王蕾  赵勇胜  董军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(3):335-339

在我国，城市固体废弃物(MSW)多用厌氧填埋法处理，该方法有降解速度慢、气体不易控制等缺点。通过好氧填埋法与厌氧填埋法处理MSW的对比实验，得出利用好氧填埋处理MSW，使有机物降解率明显高于厌氧法。同时，根据垃圾场内部含氧量及湿度等因素将会影响好氧填埋效果，并在借鉴半好氧填埋技术的基础上，最终提出用分层通风来提高供氧效率，并与污水回灌等方法结合，不但解决垃圾场内部含水量不足问题，还能加快场内有机物的降解，使其迅速稳定。  相似文献   

垃圾破碎和垃圾压实在厌氧渗滤液循环中的作用     

张文静  赵勇胜  黄德兰 《世界地质》2007,26(1):84-88

通过3个对比反应柱研究了厌氧渗滤液循环中垃圾的破碎和压实对垃圾降解的影响。实验结果显示：在填埋垃圾量和渗滤液循环量相同的条件下，经过60d的厌氧渗滤液循环，对比垃圾柱的出水CODcr浓度为1333．2mg／L，而破碎垃圾柱和压实垃圾柱出水的CODcr浓度分别为582．4mg／L和2112．4mg／L。在厌氧渗滤液循环中，对垃圾进行破碎处理能够加速垃圾的降解，降低垃圾填埋场对地下水的危害；而对垃圾填埋体的压实不利于垃圾的降解，从而增加了垃圾填埋场污染地下水的风险。  相似文献   

四氯乙烯的生物吸附和厌氧生物降解研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杨琦  席宏波  尚海涛  李惠娣 《现代地质》2007,21(1):170-174

四氯乙烯(PCE)的广泛使用和不合理的处置已经使其成为地下水中普遍存在的有毒有害的有机污染物。PCE在厌氧条件下通过还原脱氯发生生物降解,按照非水溶性生物降解模型,有机物先吸附到厌氧活性污泥中,解吸后再进行生物降解。利用间歇试验进行厌养污泥对PCE的吸附降解实验研究。试验结果表明：厌氧污泥对PCE的吸附在0.5 h达到吸附平衡,在1.0 h达到解吸平衡。对实验结果的回归分析表明：PCE的吸附和解吸均符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。厌氧污泥在微生物的作用下将PCE还原脱氯为TCE和DCEs。  相似文献