旅游空间相互作用的引力模型及其应用   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

李山  王铮  钟章奇 《地理学报》2012,67(4):526-544

客源地与目的地之间的旅游空间相互作用是必然而持久地,这深刻地影响着旅游者行为和旅游业进步,需要发展适宜的引力模型对其进行刻画和量度.长期以来,旅游引力模型在对空间阻尼的处理上类比牛顿型的幂函数衰减模式,难以克服一些固有缺陷,因此重新回到威尔逊型的指数函数衰减模式就成为一种可能选择.本文即是基于威尔逊形式,将目的地“吸引力”、客源地“出游力”和两地间的“空间阻尼”作为3 个基本解释变量类型,构建了一个基础的旅游引力模型,并重点在参数估计和模型应用上进行了初步探索.由于难以从整体上对模型的两个核心参数进行回归估计,本文首先从局部对收入弹性系数α进行回归估计,然后通过“口粒子模式法”和“出游量积分法”的引入和交互验证来确定空间阻尼系数β的合理取值.研究表明,就全国平均而言,在21 世纪初收入弹性系数可取0.64,而空间阻尼系数可取0.00322,且在空间阻尼影响下,中国大陆居民国内旅游的理论出游半径均值约为300 km.最后,本文从目的地供给视角计算了中国大陆分省区的旅游吸引力,从客源地需求视角计算了成都市到访游客的分省预期市场份额,这两个案例研究在取得一些有益发现的同时也表明威尔逊型旅游引力模型具有积极的应用潜力,值得进一步探索.  相似文献   

南京市主要城市湿地的公众评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王凤昆  刘海音  张明娟 《湿地科学与管理》2008,4(1):59-62

城市湿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,对改善城市环境发挥着多方面的重要作用。本研究调查了城市湿地使用者,即市民,对南京城市湿地的评价与期望,并在此基础上提出湿地建设的改进建议。结果表明市民对城市湿地总体满意度较高,但在水质状况、护岸类型和基础设施等方面仍需改进。本研究探索了将市民的意愿纳入城市湿地规划的方法,对于进一步提高城市湿地规划建设具有参考价值。  相似文献   

郑西高速铁路豫西段黄土现场浸水自重湿陷特征研究     

武小鹏  熊治文  王小军  屈耀辉 《岩土力学》2012,33(6):1769-1773

通过现场浸水试验,研究了郑西高速铁路豫西段典型黄土场地浸水后的自重湿陷特征,分析了湿陷土层深度随浸水时间的演化规律,判定了浸水水平向影响范围。研究表明：浸水边界对沉降的影响十分明显,浸水后的湿陷速率呈现出慢-快-慢直至稳定的特点,在浸水10 d后已完成总沉降量的60%,浸水30 d时完成总沉降量的约90%;该场地实测因地区土质而异的修正系数 为1.30,大于规范推荐的0.9,说明该地区黄土的湿陷程度比以往认识地更为强烈;该场地自重湿陷土层下限深度室内试验值是19 m,而现场实测值是16 m,前者是后者的1.2倍。通过综合判定,该场地浸水后的湿陷变形范围为距试坑边缘20 m,与试坑的直径相当,建议在郑西高速铁路沿线此类黄土场地,线路两侧20 m范围内不得积水。该研究成果已在郑西高速铁路建设中得到应用,也可为该地区类似工程提供参考。  相似文献   

空沟对列车运行引起的地基振动隔振效果研究     

曹志刚  蔡袁强  徐长节 《岩土力学》2012,33(8):2373-2382

为研究空沟对高速列车引起地基振动的隔振效果,在已有研究基础上改进出一种新的解析研究模型。模型中首次运用了饱和半空间模型来研究地基上隔振沟对高速列车的隔振效果;隔振沟则通过在饱和半空间土体上设置3个合适宽度、截面为矩形的弹性层来模拟;中间矩形弹性层为路堤,路堤上方放置了枕木与轨道。枕木与轨道分别通过纵向异性Kirchhoff薄板与Euler梁来模拟,饱和土地基采用Biot多孔饱和介质理论来描述。控制方程通过傅立叶变换与傅立叶级数展开,在变换域中进行求解。研究表明,随着列车运行速度的提高,空沟的隔振效果明显提高;饱和土体固-液相的耦合作用对隔振沟的隔振效果的影响明显,尤其当列车运行速度超过土体表面Rayleigh波速时,随着土体渗透系数的增加,空沟隔振效果显著降低。此外,列车运行速度超过土体表面波速时,饱和土地基上空沟的隔振效果明显优于相应单相弹性地基上空沟的隔振效果。  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of a saturated poroelastic half-space generated by a moving truck on the uneven pavement     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

A truck–pavement–ground coupling model was established to study the dynamic responses of a saturated poroelastic half-space generated by a moving heavy truck on the uneven pavement. The ground was simulated as a fully saturated poroelastic half-space governed by Biot’s theory. The overlying pavement was simplified as a Kirchhoff thin plate. With the assumption of a sinusoidal pavement surface, the dynamic wheel–pavement force was obtained through a linear Hertizian contact model. The numerical results showed that this dynamic load could make considerable contributions to the stress and excess pore water pressure responses in the ground. Furthermore, the effective stress path of the soil unit beneath the pavement caused by the moving truck was firstly calculated and presented. It was found that the differences between the total stress path and the effective stress path became significant as the truck speed increased, thus the effective stress path was more suitable than total stress path to reflect the stress history of soil elements in the saturated ground during the passage of high-speed traffics.  相似文献   

The Chalukou deposit in the North Great Xing’an Range of China: A protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming system in a long-lived magmatic evolution cycle     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Chalukou deposit is located in the North Great Xing’an Range of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen bordering and to the northeast of the North China Craton. The deposit is a high-F-type porphyry Mo deposit hosted by the Chalukou composite igneous body containing small intrusive bodies genetically related to Mo mineralization. The composite igneous body includes pre-mineralization dolerite, monzogranite and syenogranite, syn-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, granitic porphyry and fine-grained monzogranite, and post-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, quartz porphyry, dioritic porphyry and andesitic porphyry. Detailed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating of the igneous components of the composite igneous body was carried out to determine the temporal framework for magmatism in the Chalukou region. The new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages constraint documented here, together with the published ages, indicate that there was a protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming event of approximately 7 million years between ca. 152 when the ore related rhyolitic porphyry was emplaced and ca.145 Ma when molybdenite ceased being deposited. The dating reveals that the mineralization is a part of relatively long-lived magmatic cycle involving the emplacement of small doleritic stocks at ca. 165 Ma that progressively evolved into extensive granitic intrusions at ca. 164 Ma, and then diminished with the emplacement of mineralization-related porphyries to ca. 152 Ma. The emplacement of barren Early Cretaceous magmatism, represented by volcanic units in the ca. 136 Ma Guanghua Formation and porphyries, followed the mineralized magmatism.The syn-mineralization porphyry units associated with Mo contain zircons assaying ∼15 times higher in U and Th than the pre-mineralization magmatic phases. This indicates that there was a significant enrichment of Mo, U and Th in the magma, and directly associated with ore fluid exsolution. The return to their normal levels in the three elements in the post-mineralization magmatic phases indicates that they were exhausted from the magma chamber in the later phases. A genetic model is proposed for the enormous introduction of ore metals and enrichment at the Chalukou deposit. The protracted and multiphase igneous activity during the long-lived magmatism reflects a multistage enrichment of metal, and may play a crucial role in the formation of a volatile-enriched, fertile and large-volume magma chamber beneath the Chalukou deposit. Such a chamber is envisaged to be required for the formation of porphyry Mo deposits in general.  相似文献   

Response of western South American epeiric-neritic ecosystem to middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events     

《Cretaceous Research》2017

Little is known about the impact of the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) on the neritic carbonate systems in South America. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the present paper reports on the record of environmental changes in the Albian–Turonian neritic carbonates from the western South American domain in Peru. Owing to the very expanded and well-exposed sections in the Oyon region of central Peru, the OAE 1d and 2 intervals were sampled at high temporal resolution for both bulk micrite and bulk organic matter carbon isotopes, allowing us to compare the fingerprint of these two events between the northern and central Peruvian regions. This suggests the installation of two marked depositional modes: 1) the Albian–Turonian formation of a regional facies belt constituted by oyster-rich mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposition along the western South America platform; 2) a restricted oligotrophic environment, characterized by the mass occurrence of Perouvianella peruviana and associated miliolids in central Peru during the late Cenomanian–Turonian. These observations advocate for the following scenario: Global warming during the late Albian–early Turonian resulted in humid climate on the western platform. This in turn caused enhanced chemical weathering rates on the Brazilian Shield, resulting in high runoff of nutrients onto the western platform. Nutrient runoff promoted the diversification of benthic oyster communities. Due to the uplift of the Marañon Massif and the installation of the Huarmey Trough, central Peru was isolated from the Pacific and from eastern deltaic influx of the Brazilian continental basement, allowing the local development of oligotrophic conditions during OAE 2. Furthermore, an increased influx of argillaceous sediment and reduced carbonate production is recorded in northern Peru at the onset of OAE 2, marked by a prominent negative shift in δ¹³C. This negative carbon-isotope excursion has also been identified in other sections in the Pacific domain and can be linked to an increase in isotopically light pCO₂ induced by the formation of the Caribbean large igneous province.  相似文献   

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Late Devonian (Famennian) Strata in the Northwestern Border of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwestern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MA Xueping  ZHANG Meiqiong  ZONG Pu  ZHANG Yubo  Lü Dan 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1413-1437

The base of the Saerba Member (Mbr) of the Hongguleleng Formation (Fm.) probably lies in the Famennian Palmatolepis crepida Zone; the Longkou Mbr is probably a sedimentary wedge that thins out northwards; the Duguer Mbr has an approximate age from the upper part of the Pa. marginifera Zone or the Lower Pa. rugosa trachytera Zone through the top of the Pa. perlobata postera Zone; the Wulan Mbr has an age approximately corresponding to the whole Pa. gracilis expansa Zone. In the Bulongguoer section, the Lower Mbr of the Hongguleleng Fm. corresponds to Famennian Pa. crepida Zone through Pa. marginifera Zone; the Middle Mbr probably ranges from the Pa. r. trachytera Zone through the Pa. g. expansa Zone. The basal Namu Mbr of the Heishantou Fm. is probably the product during and after the Hangenberg Event in the upper part of the Siphonodella praesulcata Zone, which is still within the Devonian. In this context, the underlying Chasi Mbr may approximately correspond to the lower part of the S. praesulcata Zone (before the Hangenberg Event). Lateral distribution of strata indicates that the Upper Devonian in the Gennaren and Saerba areas each constitutes a structure of syncline, which differs from the previous recognition of a monocline structure.  相似文献   

论党的第二代领导集体对政治民主化的贡献     

郭万敏  巩建华 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(2):69-72

政治文明是社会主义社会政治现代化建设的重要目标,而政治民主化是政治文明发展的重要体现。党的第二代领导集体在社会主义政治民主化方面作出了重要贡献,即健全与完善了人民代表大会制度、党内民主制度以及基层民主制度,积极推动了中国社会主义政治文明的发展进程。  相似文献   

上海世博会地下变电站基坑围护结构的动力反应分析     

丰土根  杜冰  王可佳  李玉伟 《地震学刊》2010,(4):361-368

采用三维快速拉格朗日程序FLAC^3D,对上海世博会500kV地下变电站围护结构的动力反应问题进行了深入细致的分析和研究。所建立的模型采用摩尔一库伦本构关系,同时考虑了静力、动力以及地下承压水的影响,并且通过FLAC^3D软件的二次开发功能引入统一强度理论,来判别围护结构中钢筋混凝土的应力状态,力求更真实地反映围护结构在动力作用下的响应状态。分析结果表明,圆型围护结构的环向刚度比较大,受力时将大部分侧向荷载转移给其环向拱结构,从而使得基坑和周围土体无论在静力状态还是动力状态下,整体变形均较小;基坑整体在所研究的各种工况下,围护结构都处于安全状态。  相似文献