Electrical analogy for modelling thermal regime and moisture distribution in sandy soils     

Somenath Mondal  Vikas Sharma  P. Apte 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(1):22-32

The soil mass is subjected to temperature variation due to several human activities (viz. tanks storing heated fluids, buried cables and pipelines, air-conditioning ducts, disposal of nuclear and thermal power plant wastes etc.), which result in heat-induced migration of the moisture in it. Though several studies have been conducted in the past to investigate the mechanism of heat migration through the soil mass, a methodology for ‘real-time measurement of the variations in temperature, flux and moving moisture front, in tandem, with respect to space' has rarely been attempted. In this context, extensive laboratory investigations were conducted to measure real-time flux and temperature variations in the sandy soils, and the validation of results has been done by employing an equivalent electrical circuit programme, LTspice. Subsequently, a mathematical model PHITMDS (i.e. Prediction of Heat-Induced Temperature and Moisture Distribution in Soil) has been developed and its utility and efficacy, for predicting the depth-wise temperature and heat-induced moisture migration, due to evaporation, in terms of position of moving moisture front in the sandy soil has been critically discussed and demonstrated.  相似文献   

The Key Supply Source of Long-Distance Moisture Transport for the Extreme Rainfall Event on July 21, 2012 in Beijing     

李娟  徐祥德  李跃清  赵天良  吴翀 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(1):34-47

In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and meteorological observation data were used to research the long-distance moisture transport supply source of the extreme rainfall event that occurred on July 21, 2012 in Beijing. Recording a maximum rainfall amount of 460 mm in 24 h, this rainstorm event had two dominant moisture transport channels. In the early stage of the rainstorm, the first channel comprised southwesterly monsoonal moisture from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) that was directly transported to north China along the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau (TP) by orographic uplift. During the rainstorm, the southwesterly moisture transport was weakened by the transfer of Typhoon Vicente. Moreover, the southeasterly moisture transport between the typhoon and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) became another dominant moisture transport channel. The moisture in the lower troposphere was mainly associated with the southeasterly moisture transport from the South China Sea and the East China Sea, and the moisture in the middle troposphere was mainly transported from the BOB and Indian Ocean. The control experiment well reproduced the distribution and intensity of rainfall and moisture transport. By comparing the control and three sensitivity experiments, we found that the moisture transported from Typhoon Vicente and a tropical cyclone in the BOB both significantly affected this extreme rainfall event. After Typhoon Vicente was removed in a sensitivity experiment, the maximum 24-h accumulated rainfall in north China was reduced by approximately 50% compared with that of the control experiment, while the rainfall after removing the tropical cyclone was reduced by 30%. When both the typhoon and tropical cyclone were removed, the southwesterly moisture transport was enhanced. Moreover, the sensitivity experiment of removing Typhoon Vicente also weakened the tropical cyclone in the BOB. Thus, the moisture pump driven by Typhoon Vicente played an important role in maintaining and strengthening the tropical cyclone in the BOB through its westerly airflow. Typhoon Vicente was not only the moisture transfer source for the southwesterly monsoonal moisture but also affected the tropical cyclone in the BOB, which was a key supply source of long-distance moisture transport for the extreme rainfall event on July 21, 2012 in Beijing.  相似文献   

冻融循环下初始含水率对非饱和膨胀土剪切特性试验     

张琦  杨忠年  时伟  凌贤长  涂志斌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(5):1544-1550

为探究冻融循环条件下初始含水率对膨胀土偏应力-应变关系和剪切特性的影响,本文对不同初始含水率的非饱和膨胀土进行了不固结不排水三轴剪切试验。结果表明：1）非饱和膨胀土的偏应力-应变曲线的形式随含水率增大由应变软化逐渐转变为应变硬化,偏应力峰值随含水率增大而降低;2）非饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度随初始含水率的增加呈线性下降趋势;3）非饱和膨胀土在第1次冻融循环后偏应力及抗剪强度大幅度下降,在3~7次冻融循环后达到稳定。初始含水率是影响非饱和膨胀土力学性质的主要原因。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

肖婧  王兵 《水科学进展》2021,31(6):820-831

为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区多种因素对撂荒草地入渗特征的影响,采用野外自然降雨观测法,研究不同降雨特征（降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和最大30 min雨强（I₃₀））、土壤前期含水量、坡长（10 m、20 m、30 m、40 m和50 m）和植被盖度条件下土壤入渗特征差异,通过灰色关联度法判断影响撂荒草地入渗特征的主导因子。结果表明：①入渗量随降雨量、降雨历时和I₃₀增加而增大（R²>0.55,P<0.01）;入渗补给系数随降雨量、I₃₀和平均雨强增大而减小（R²>0.12,P<0.05）;平均入渗率随降雨强度、I₃₀增加而递增（R²>0.53,P<0.01）。②入渗量和平均入渗率随前期含水量增加而减少,入渗补给系数随之增加而增大（R²>0.13,P<0.05）。③入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率总体随坡长增加而增大（R²>0.56,P<0.01）,但在坡长30 m和40 m之间存在临界坡长。④在入渗效率较高的情况下,植被对土壤入渗的影响并不显著,降雨特征和坡长成为主导因子。  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF SPRING SOIL MOISTURE IN THE INDOCHINA PENINSULA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS: A SIMULATION STUDY FOR 1999     

李江南  游家兴  李芳洲  毛江玉 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):211-226

Using the regional climate model RegCM4.4.5, coupled with the land model CLM4.5, we investigated the effects of springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula on summer precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in 1999. Results have indicated that there exists positive correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the western Pacific Ocean and negative correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the eastern Indian Ocean. Summer precipitation in the South China Sea and its surrounding areas responds to springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula (the northwest region is critical) because general atmospheric circulation is sensitive to the near-surface thermodynamic state. Increased (decreased) soil moisture would result in decreased (increased) local surface temperatures. Latitudinal, small-scale land–sea thermal differences would then result in northeasterly wind (southwesterly wind) anomalies in the upper layer and southwesterly wind (northeasterly wind) anomalies in the lower layer, which strengthen (weaken) monsoon development. As a result, precipitation would enter the Western Pacific region earlier (later), and water vapor over the eastern Indian Ocean would enter the South China Sea earlier (later), causing a precipitation reduction (increase) in the eastern Indian Ocean and increase (reduction) in the Western Pacific.  相似文献   

南亚高压次季节尺度东西振荡对我国长江流域降水及水汽输送的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

葛家荣  任雪娟 《气象科学》2019,39(6):711-720

使用常规资料及HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)模式,分析了早夏和晚夏期间南亚高压次季节尺度异常偏东事件和异常偏西事件发生时,我国长江流域降水及水汽输送异常特征。结果表明:早夏期间当南亚高压异常东伸时,西太平洋副热带高压可西伸至我国东南沿岸,此时,降水正异常场主要位于我国东部地区,表现为江淮区域降水异常偏多;而晚夏期间当南亚高压异常东伸时,西太平洋副热带高压的西脊点更偏东,降水正异常区位置比早夏偏西,表现为四川盆地的降水异常偏多。早夏期间,与南亚高压异常偏西事件相比,南亚高压异常偏东事件有利于更多的水汽从南方的水汽源地输送到我国江淮区域,加上此时江淮流域存在异常上升运动,动力和水汽条件共同使得江淮流域降水偏多。晚夏四川盆地地区有类似的结论。  相似文献   

黄河源区多、少雪年土壤冻融特征分析     

姚闯  吕世华  王婷  王俊锋  马翠丽 《高原气象》2019,38(3):474-483

利用2011年10月至2017年12月黄河源区鄂陵湖野外观测数据,对比分析多雪年与少雪年土壤冻结与消融时间、土壤温湿度、地表能量分量的变化特征。结果表明:多雪年地表反照率偏高,净辐射偏低,地表感热输送偏低,土壤由热“源”转为热“汇”的时间晚于少雪年。积雪可减少土壤吸收辐射能量,减少地表感热通量,在土壤完全冻结期与消融期增大地表潜热通量,在完全冻结期,减少土壤向大气的热输送,在消融期,减少大气向土壤的热输送。积雪在冻结期有降温作用,使得多雪年土壤较早发生冻结,且同一时期土壤温度偏低;在完全冻结期有保温作用,使得土壤温度偏高;在消融期有保温(“凉”)作用,使得消融较晚,且同一时期土壤温度偏低。在整个积雪年内,多雪年浅层土壤湿度高于少雪年,积雪对浅层土壤有保湿作用。积雪使土壤开始冻结时间有所提前,开始消融的时间有所滞后,可延长该年土壤完全冻结持续天数。  相似文献   

土壤墒情遥感反演与旱情诊断   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李玉环  王静  曹银贵 《地理科学进展》2006,25(2):123-130

土壤墒情与植被生长状况和地表温度之间存在密切联系?贑OST模型算法和单窗算法,开展了TM/ETM+多光谱数据的地表反射率、地表温度(LST)和土壤调整植被指数反演(MSAVI),分析了地表温度和植被指数的线性关系,提出了土壤墒情几何特征指数和旱情诊断函数,结合土壤含水量实测数据,建立了横山县土壤墒情遥感反演模型。实证结果表明,基于TM/ETM+数据反演的长度指数可进行旱情诊断;对土壤含水量的反演模型进行T检验,差异不显著,而基于地面温度的土壤墒情反演模型优于土壤调整植被指数反演模型。  相似文献   

Soil moisture retrieval from satellite images and its application to heavy rainfall simulation in eastern China   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

赵得明  苏炳凯  赵鸣 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):299-316

The soil water index (SWI) from satellite remote sensing and the observational soil moisture from agricultural meteorological stations in eastern China are used to retrieve soil moisture. The analysis of correlation coefficient (CORR), root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and bias (BIAS) shows that the retrieved soil moisture is convincible and close to the observation. The method can overcome the difficulties in soil moisture observation on a large scale and the retrieved soil moisture may reflect the distribution of the real soil moisture objectively. The retrieved soil moisture is used as an initial scheme to replace initial conditions of soil moisture (NCEP) in the model MM5V3 to simulate the heavy rainfall in 1998. Three heavy rainfall processes during 13–14 June, 18–22 June, and 21–26 July 1998 in the Yangtze River valley are analyzed. The first two processes show that the intensity and location of simulated precipitation from SWI are better than those from NCEP and closer to the observed values. The simulated heavy rainfall for 21–26 July shows that the update of soil moisture initial conditions can improve the model’s performance. The relationship between soil moisture and rainfall may explain that the stronger rainfall intensity for SWI in the Yangtze River valley is the result of the greater simulated soil moisture from SWI prior to the heavy rainfall date than that from NCEP, and leads to the decline of temperature in the corresponding area in the heavy rainfall days. Detailed analysis of the heavy rainfall on 13–14 June shows that both land-atmosphere interactions and atmospheric circulation were responsible for the heavy rainfall, and it shows how the SWI simulation improves the simulation. The development of mesoscale systems plays an important role in the simulation regarding the change of initial soil moisture for SWI.  相似文献   

利用反射GPS信号遥感土壤湿度   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

关止  赵凯  宋冬生 《地球科学进展》2006,21(7):747-750

在水文、气候、农业等问题的研究中,土壤湿度信息十分重要。近年来,利用GPS系统进行遥感的新方法,已经越来越多地引起研究者们的关注。特别是GPS卫星广播的L1（1.57542GHz）频率信号,是土壤湿度遥感的最佳频率。反射GPS信号功率是土壤介电常数的函数,而土壤介电常数又和土壤湿度有关。根据这一原理,美国国家航空与航天局于2002年进行了基于地表面反射GPS信号的遥感土壤湿度实验。结果证明反射GPS信号对土壤湿度特性十分敏感,由于植被的影响对反射率进行了修正,并用此方法模型与其它方法进行了比较。在利用GPS遥感土壤湿度方面,研制高增益天线,更好的修正信号波动的影响,发展更加完善的遥感土壤湿度方法等是今后在此项研究中所要解决的问题。  相似文献