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61.
Summary In many parts of the world, particularly in humid tropical regions, residual soils are abundant. In this paper the suitability of a residual lateritic soil as a construction material is investigated, with respect to its strength and compaction characteristics. In comparison with other typical construction fills available in Southeast Asia, compacted lateritic soils produce excellent shear strengths and CBR values. However, the brittleness and tensile cracking of this compacted material become enhanced on the dry side of the optimum moisture content, or if excessive compaction is imparted. Nevertheless, at a moisture content of 2% wetter than the optimum, the tensile mode of failure is suppressed and the lateritic fills become ideally suited for the construction of high embankments and impervious dam cores. 相似文献
62.
本文将随机振动的虚拟激励法与拱坝-地基动力相互作用FE-BE-IBE时域模型结合,发展了一个可以考虑多维随机地震动作用下的拱坝动力响应计算模型,并用Monte Garlo方法对模型进行了验证,计算结果表明,地震动分量的相关性对结构的动力响应存在一定影响,合理考虑地震动各方向分量的相关性可以更好地计算实际地震作用下的拱坝动力响应。 相似文献
63.
三角形量测法在隧道变形监测中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对隧道变形监测中三角形量测法原理、计算公式的分析,认为公式中的三角形三边长度并不是收敛计的读数,两者相差一个收敛计本身的附加长度,这是使监测数据产生误差的原因之一。同时探讨了忽略收敛计附加长度引起的误差对监测结果的影响,并结合工程实例介绍了在实测过程中应注意的问题及误差原因。 相似文献
64.
Pasargadae complex had been the main center of Persian history during the Achaemenian period (560–330 bc), registered as one of the world heritage sites by UNESCO in 2004. This research is an attempt to recognize the natural setting
and landscape of Pasargadae during the Achaemenian period, in Iran. The method is based on the application of a multi-layer
technique. Collected data by fieldwork, especially in geology, hydrology, and hydrogeology, along with the analysis of aerial
data and satellite information provided the baseline information for preparing historic and environmental layers and have
made it possible to recognize a natural lakelet in the this area. The results show that the geometry of lakelet together with
the ancient river of Pasargadae had been the main elements that formed the character of the site; they were also important
in the locations of buildings in the Pasargadae complex. 相似文献
65.
66.
Origin and stratigraphy of phreatomagmatic deposits at the Pleistocene Sinker Butte Volcano, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Brittany D. Brand Craig M. White 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007,160(3-4):319-339
Sinker Butte is the erosional remnant of a very large basaltic tuff cone of middle Pleistocene age located at the southern edge of the western Snake River Plain. Phreatomagmatic tephras are exposed in complete sections up to 100 m thick in the walls of the Snake River Canyon, creating an unusual opportunity to study the deposits produced by this volcano through its entire sequence of explosive eruptions. The main objectives of the study were to determine the overall evolution of the Sinker Butte volcano while focusing particularly on the tephras produced by its phreatomagmatic eruptions. Toward this end, twenty-three detailed stratigraphic sections ranging from 20 to 100 m thick were examined and measured in canyon walls exposing tephras deposited around 180° of the circumference of the volcano.Three main rock units are recognized in canyon walls at Sinker Butte: a lower sequence composed of numerous thin basaltic lava flows, an intermediate sequence of phreatomagmatic tephras, and a capping sequence of welded basaltic spatter and more lava flows. We subdivide the phreatomagmatic deposits into two main parts, a series of reworked, mostly subaqueously deposited tephras and a more voluminous sequence of overlying subaerial surge and fall deposits. Most of the reworked deposits are gray in color and exhibit features such as channel scour and fill, planar-stratification, high and low angle cross-stratification, trough cross-stratification, and Bouma-turbidite sequences consistent with their being deposited in shallow standing water or in braided streams. The overlying subaerial deposits are commonly brown or orange in color due to palagonitization. They display a wide variety of bedding types and sedimentary structures consistent with deposition by base surges, wet to dry pyroclastic fall events, and water saturated debris flows.Proximal sections through the subaerial tephras exhibit large regressive cross-strata, planar bedding, and bomb sags suggesting deposition by wet base surges and tephra fallout. Medial and distal deposits consist of a thick sequence of well-bedded tephras; however, the cross-stratified base-surge deposits are thinner and interbedded within the fallout deposits. The average wavelength and amplitude of the cross strata continue to decrease with distance from the vent. These bedded surge and fall deposits grade upward into dominantly fall deposits containing 75–95% juvenile vesiculated clasts and localized layers of welded spatter, indicating a greatly reduced water-melt ratio. Overlying these “dryer” deposits are massive tuff breccias that were probably deposited as water saturated debris flows (lahars). The first appearance of rounded river gravels in these massive tuff breccias indicates downward coring of the diatreme and entrainment of country rock from lower in the stratigraphic section. The “wetter” nature of these deposits suggests a renewed source of external water. The massive deposits grade upward into wet fallout tephras and the phreatomagmatic sequence ends with a dry scoria fall deposit overlain by welded spatter and lava flows.Field observations and two new 40Ar–39Ar incremental heating dates suggest the succession of lavas and tephra deposits exposed in this part of the Snake River canyon may all have been erupted from a closely related complex of vents at Sinker Butte. We propose that initial eruptions of lava flows built a small shield edifice that dammed or disrupted the flow of the ancestral Snake River. The shift from effusive to explosive eruptions occurred when the surface water or rising ground water gained access to the vent. As the river cut a new channel around the lava dam, water levels dropped and the volcano returned to an effusive style of eruption. 相似文献
67.
A time-domain method for the analysis of arch dam-foundation rock dynamic interaction during earthquake was proposed, and
the dynamic relaxation technique was adopted to obtain the initial static response for dynamic analysis by [Du et al. (2005).
The paper has been contributed to Bulletin of earthquake engineering]. In this paper, a nonlinear explicit method in time
domain considering the opening and closing effect of contact joints on arch dam during earthquake is further proposed by introducing
the dynamic contact force model into the method. The simulation accuracy of dynamic contact force model is verified by comparing
its calculation result and test result of scale model on shaking table. Finally, the influence of joints on the seismic response
of Xiaowan arch dam is studied by the proposed method and some conclusions are given. 相似文献
68.
基于正交设计的复杂坝基弹塑性力学参数反演 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
复杂坝基弹塑性力学参数反演的计算工作量直接取决于采用何种优化方法。根据大坝在运行期的实测资料,运用有限元正交数值试验、回归分析和优化相结合的方法,反演了坝基岩体的弹塑性力学参数。实例研究表明了该方法的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
69.
70.
The need for full‐scale dynamic tests, which are recognized as the most reliable method to evaluate a structure's vibration properties, is increasing as new analysis techniques are developed that take into account the complex interaction phenomenons that occur in dam–reservoir–foundation systems. They are extremely useful to obtain reliable data for the calibration of newly developed numerical methods. The Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Research Center (CRGP) at the University of Sherbrooke has been developing and applying dynamic testing methods for large structures in the past 10 years. This paper presents the experimental evaluation of the effects of the varying water level on the dynamic response of the 180 m Emosson arch dam in Switzerland. Repeated forced‐vibration tests were carried out on the dam during four different periods of the reservoir's filling cycle during a one‐year span. Acceleration and hydrodynamic pressure frequency responses were obtained at several locations while the dam was subjected to horizontal harmonic loading. The variation of the resonant frequencies as a function of the reservoir level is investigated. A summary of the ongoing numerical correlation phase with a three‐dimensional finite element model for the dam–reservoir–foundation system is also presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献