植物中汞的研究进展   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

付学吾  冯新斌  王少锋  李仲根  李平 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(3):232-238

植物生态系统中汞的环境过程是生物地球化学循环过程的重要组成部分，且与整个生态系统中各物种的生存和发展密切相关。本文介绍了植物中汞生物地球化学循环的进展，包括汞对植物的生物毒性、植物中汞的来源、分布与迁移转化、植物大气间汞的交换过程及其研究方法，以及植被在生态系统间汞循环中的重要作用，最后简要介绍今后的研究重点和热点。  相似文献   

地质微生物学及其发展方向   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18  

陈骏  姚素平 《高校地质学报》2005,11(2):154-166

地质微生物学是在20世纪末发展起来的新的地学分支,主要研究地质环境中的微生物活动过程及其形成的各种地质地球化学记录。通过对现代及地质历史上的各种地质环境,包括极高温,高压,极端酸性,碱性,高盐度,极高放射性,地球深部等环境中微生物的生存和演化,及其和地质环境的相互作用而形成的各种地球化学记录的研究,探讨微生物在过去、现在和将来对生命活动最重要的元素(C,H,O,N,S,Fe等)在全球或局部尺度上的循环作用,从而对微生物的风化作用、成矿作用、地质环境下的微生物生态链及其环境的研究提供重要的科学证据。微生物与矿物的相互作用、极端环境下的微生物和生态及分子地质微生物学是当前地质微生物学研究的重要方向。  相似文献   

Impact of crab bioturbation on benthic flux and nitrogen dynamics of Southwest Atlantic intertidal marshes and mudflats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eugenia Fanjul  María C. Bazterrica  Mauricio Escapa  María A. Grela  Oscar Iribarne   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,92(4):387

  相似文献   

A global ocean biogeochemistry general circulation model and its simulations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐永福  李阳春  储敏 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):922-939

An ocean biogeochemistry model was developed and incorporated into a global ocean general circulation model (LICOM) to form an ocean biogeochemistry general circulation model (OBGCM). The model was used to study the natural carbon cycle and the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean. A global export production of 12.5 Pg C yr-1 was obtained. The model estimated that in the pre-industrial era the global equatorial region within 15o of the equator released 0.97 Pg C yr-1 to the atmosphere, which was balanced by the gain of CO2 in other regions. The post-industrial air-sea CO2 flux indicated the oceanic uptake of CO2 emitted by human activities. An increase of 20－50 mol kg-1 for surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the 1990s relative to pre-industrial times was obtained in the simulation, which was consistent with data-based estimates. The model generated a total anthropogenic carbon inventory of 105 Pg C as of 1994, which was within the range of estimates by other researchers. Various transports of both natural and anthropogenic DIC as well as labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) were estimated from the simulation. It was realized that the Southern Ocean and the high-latitude region of the North Pacific are important export regions where accumulative air-sea CO2 fluxes are larger than the DIC inventory, whereas the subtropical regions are acceptance regions. The interhemispheric transport of total natural carbon (DIC+LDOC) was found to be northward (0.11 Pg C yr-1), which was just balanced by the gain of carbon from the atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

Biogeochemical classification of South Florida’s estuarine and coastal waters     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,76(1-2):187-204

South Florida’s watersheds have endured a century of urban and agricultural development and disruption of their hydrology. Spatial characterization of South Florida’s estuarine and coastal waters is important to Everglades’ restoration programs. We applied Factor Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering of water quality data in tandem to characterize and spatially subdivide South Florida’s coastal and estuarine waters. Segmentation rendered forty-four biogeochemically distinct water bodies whose spatial distribution is closely linked to geomorphology, circulation, benthic community pattern, and to water management. This segmentation has been adopted with minor changes by federal and state environmental agencies to derive numeric nutrient criteria.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns of phytoplankton communities in an International Seabed Authority licensed area (COMRA,Clarion-Clipperton Zone) in relation to upper ocean biogeochemistry     

Yu Wang  Aiqin Han  Xuebao He  Fangfang Kuang  Feng Zhao  Peng Xiang  Kuidong Xu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):45-57

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) hosts one of the largest known oceanic nodule fields worldwide and is regulated by the International Seabed Authority. A baseline assessment of diversity and distribution patterns is essential for reliable predictions of disturbed ecosystem response scenarios for sustained commercial activities in the future. In the present study, the spatial patterns and diversity of phytoplankton communities were analyzed along with upper ocean biogeochemistry, in the licensed China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA) contract area and the surrounding western CCZ between August 21 and October 8, 2017. Results indicated this was a typical low-nutrient low-chlorophyll a (Chl a) environment, characterized by low levels of phytoplankton abundance and diversity. In total 112 species belonging to 4 phyla were recorded (>10 μm), with species counts including 82 diatoms, 27 dinoflagellates, 1 cyanobacteria and 2 chrysophyte. Dominant taxa in successive order of descending abundance and occurrence included Nizschia marina, Cyclotella stylorum, Dactyliosolen mediterraneus, Rhizosolenia setigera, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, Synedra sp., Chaetoceros simplex and Pseudo-nitzschia circumpora. The depth-averaged abundance and Chl a concentrations were (265±233) cells/L and (0.27±0.30) μg/L, respectively. Diatoms accounted for 90.94% of the community with (241±223) cells/L, while dinoflagellates accounted for 5.67% and (15±13) cells/L. The distribution pattern exhibited the same trend as abundance, Chl a and species richness, showing subsurface maximum levels at around 100 m, with stations near 10°N having higher levels than in the north. Cluster analysis was performed in two assemblages, relating to geographic locations to the south and north of 12°N. The subsurface maximum of abundance, Chl a, species richness, dissolved oxygen and nitrite were generally corresponding to the presence of high salinity North Pacific Central Water at depths of 50?120 m. Higher availability of nitrate, phosphate and silicic acid in the subsurface may account for the shift in phytoplankton distribution, as shown by redundancy correspondence and spearman correlation analysis. Diel variation in an anchor station demonstrated prominent species succession without significant differences in oceanographic variables, among which diatoms succession resulted from the light limitation, while dinoflagellate diel variation mainly related to lateral transport of water masses. The observed patchiness in spatial phytoplankton distributional patterns was attributed to upper ocean environmental gradients in the CCZ. The baseline generated in this study could be analyzed using current conservation strategy programs associated with deep-sea mining.  相似文献   

古海洋研究中的地球化学新指标   总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30  

陈建芳 《地球科学进展》2002,17(3):402-410

有机地球化学与微量元素地球化学古环境指标及其相关的同位素指标已成为追溯古全球变化与古海洋生物地球化学演化的有力工具。从古环境替代指标的示踪原理和应用的角度，综述了有孔虫碳同位素、有机地球化学整体指标、生物标志化合物、单体有机分子同位素、微量元素等在古海洋古环境研究中的应用及相关的研究动态与进展。指出古海洋研究正从以恢复古海洋的物理参数（温度、盐度、古洋流等）为主，向着揭示古水团演化、古生产力、古营养状况、碳贮库及碳循环等古生物地球化学演化过程方向纵深发展。  相似文献   

Ecogeochemistry in Mountain Region-Definition, Progress and Prospection     

WU Yanhong  BING Haijian 《地质论评》2012,58(1)

生态地球化学是生态学和地球化学相结合的学科,研究自然界中化学、物理、地质和生物过程,以及这些过程之间的相互作用及其对生态系统发生、发展所产生的影响,具体而言生态地球化学通过化学物质在生态系统中的分布、分配、迁移、转化规律研究,评价生态系统状态及发展方向.生态地球化学虽然形成较晚,西方科学家甚至很少用“生态地球化学”这一名词,但国内外都已取得了长足进展,形成了以生态地球化学填图为基础,生态安全和健康评价为目的的多个独立生态系统的生态地球化学研究方向,如城市生态地球化学、湿地生态地球化学等.山地是陆地最主要的地貌单元,具有独特的生态系统特性,国内外山地生态地球化学研究尚未系统开展,但在山地元素地球化学、生物地球化学和生态地球化学评价等方面均已有相当显著的成果,今后山地生态地球化学研究在加强理论研究的同时,要注重建立完善的方法体系、研究体系和生态效应评价体系,为山地生态地球化学预警和生态保护、恢复提供依据.  相似文献   

pH平面光极在生物扰动存在下水/沉积物体系中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

沈万斌  周楠楠  李一楠  郭志勇  李耀睿  花修艺  董德明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(3):931-938

为了解生物扰动存在下水/沉积物体系中pH的分布和变化特征,通过改进传感膜制备方法和图像采集与定量方法,建立了基于平面光极的pH二维分布实时监测系统,并应用于生物扰动存在下淡水/沉积物模拟体系pH时空分布规律的监测。结果表明：与已有方法相比,本方法具有响应pH范围宽（6.2～8.6）、响应快速（响应时间<30 s）、准确性高、可逆性和抗干扰性强、稳定性好等优点,可用于监测有扰动生物存在的水/沉积物模拟体系微环境的pH,直观反映pH的时空变化规律。对模拟体系的监测结果表明：沉积物自身pH时空变化虽较小,但其对上覆水pH有重要影响,上覆水pH存在显著而复杂的变化。体系pH的变化规律是多种机制作用的结果,而生物扰动对这些作用均有影响。  相似文献   

What can we learn from genomics approaches in marine ecology? From sequences to eco‐systems biology!     

Thomas Mock  Amy Kirkham 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(2):131-148

The application of genomic approaches to marine biota has profoundly altered our understanding of life in the oceans, especially regarding concepts of adaptation, speciation and evolution. The avalanche of genomic data has provided an unbiased view of marine biology that has never been seen before. In particular, comparative and metagenomic approaches with microbes from different biogeochemical marine provinces provided the first insights into how they acquire and discard genes as needed, even across kingdom boundaries, in response to their environment. These data clearly reveal that marine microbes have remarkable abilities to change their genomes according to both environmental stresses and biotic interactions. Thus, it is most likely that the flux of energy and matter in the marine system is reflected by the presence or absence of genes and proteins in marine organisms, which could provide novel tools to understand biogeochemical processes of global significance. However, the challenge is to put the reductionistic knowledge gained by genomics and metagenomics into the larger contexts of cellular systems and ecosystems to identify emergent properties that could not have been predicted by breaking down the whole into its individual parts.  相似文献