微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定玉米中铬、镉、铅     

李冠虹  巩海娟 《吉林地质》2013,(4):117-119

研究了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定玉米中重金属元素的方法。详细讨论了微波样品溶液制备、质谱仪干扰扣除及校准等,在优化的试验条件下,根据国家标准参考物质（GBW10012）的分析结果评价方法的准确性。方法检出限为：Cd：0.003μg/g,Cr：0.04μg/g,Pb：0.1μg/g,相对标准偏差在2.5%-6.0%之间,加标回收率在90.9%-104.9%之间。  相似文献   

溴、碘、砷、镉等有益有害元素形态分析技术及生态环境地球化学应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李冰  杨红霞  刘崴  徐思琦  余晶晶  李湘  张晨  胡俊栋 《地球学报》2013,34(4):395-400

率先在国土资源领域培育并形成相对稳定的元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析及其生态环境地球化学应用研究团队,采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,开展生态环境地球化学样品中痕量溴、碘、砷、镉、汞、锡、铅、铬、硒等有益有害元素的价态、金属有机化合物等形态分析方法研究,初步建立了有益有害元素形态分析体系。建立的形态分析方法灵敏度高、检出限低,具有创新性和实用性,工作成果在国内外期刊发表论文20篇。形态分析方法在我国环境地球化学研究中得到应用并取得了良好的应用成果,从形态分析水平上表征元素的环境地球化学及其健康效应在国内外属于探索性工作。  相似文献   

广东省典型铅锌多金属矿床镉的分布特征     

张伟  张高强  窦磊  文俊 《物探与化探》2012,36(4):529-533

以广东省典型铅锌多金属矿床为例,探讨各矿区镉的含量特征及不同类型矿床闪锌矿中镉的含量及锌镉比值分布特点,结果显示,镉富集程度受不同矿区地球化学背景的影响较大;不同矿区镉与锌均表现出相关—强相关关系,表明两者在成矿过程中具有相似的地球化学特征;高镉含量与低锌镉比值叠合区主要位于已知铅锌矿床分布地段,向四周镉的富集程度有所降低;不同矿床的闪锌矿中,镉的富集系数及锌镉比值具明显阶梯性,除受控于闪锌矿的形成温度、颜色及类型外,还与矿区富银关系密切。该研究为了解广东省镉分布特征及镉矿地质评价工作提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

冀东表层土壤中镉的环境地球化学基线     

崔邢涛  宋泽峰  栾文楼 《现代地质》2008,22(6)

以土壤环境地球化学研究为主线,以冀东地区13 472 km2为研究区域,将土壤重金属污染元素镉的空间分布规律与环境地球化学机理研究相结合,建立区域土壤环境地球化学基线,选用合适的判别指标判识自然作用过程与人类活动过程对土壤环境的影响。通过对3 287个样品的镉含量的统计分析,结果表明,冀东地区表层土壤中镉的基线值为0.073 mg/kg,镉元素含量大于0.230 mg/kg的样品可能遭受人为污染的影响。地质累积指数分析结果显示,冀东地区49.0%的表层土壤未受镉污染,47.6%的表层土壤在无污染与中度污染之间,2.1%受中度污染,1.2%的表层土壤介于中度污染到强污染之间,只有1%受强污染。污染程度指数分析则显示,冀东地区94.5%的表层土壤未受到镉污染,98.8%的表层土壤污染程度小于2,总污染程度小于0,即总体未受到污染。  相似文献   

改性桑树叶吸附材料对废水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

许芳  张利平  程先忠  魏孝 《岩矿测试》2016,35(1):62-68

桑树叶富含植物多酚和黄酮类化合物,表面存在着大量羟基、羧基功能基团,在一定条件下通过络合作用或静电作用能与重金属离子发生吸附作用。但由于生物质中普遍存在着可溶性单宁,直接使用生物质吸附废水中的镉,去除效果不够理想。本文以生物质桑树叶为原料,经沸水蒸煮去除小分子和稀磷酸酸化改性,提高桑树叶的吸附容量,制备成活性吸附材料去除废水中的Cd(Ⅱ)。吸附条件实验表明:在p H=4.0时改性桑树叶对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附效果最佳,当Cd(Ⅱ)初始浓度为150 mg/L,改性桑树叶的添加量为6 g/L时吸附率可达96.58%。化学改性桑树叶对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合准二阶动力学方程,Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述改性桑树叶的吸附行为,Cd(Ⅱ)最大吸附量为30.58 mg/g,与前人报道的吸附量显著提高。本项研究的改性桑树叶吸附材料价廉易得,为废水中镉的处理提供了一个新的方法。  相似文献   

离子选择电极法测定水热气体中的硼含量及硼的气态迁移能力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张生  陈根文  Seward T M 《岩矿测试》2016,35(4):358-365

火山和成矿地质现象表明硼可以在含水流体和气体中运移,本文应用离子选择电极法测定水热气体中硼的溶解度,以揭示硼的气态迁移能力。使用氟硼酸盐选择电极,测定了经氟硼酸化的硼酸标准溶液和含硼气体凝结水的电位,当硼含量处于地质流体的主要范围内(0.52~524.50 mg/L)时,电极电位与硼浓度的对数呈现出灵敏度很高的能斯特线性关系,标准曲线具有很好的稳定性和重现性。本方法测定硼的检出限为0.13 mg/L,低于饮用水标准规定的硼含量限值,适用于测定水热气体中的硼含量。硼酸挥发实验显示,硼在150℃、0.37 MPa水蒸气中的含量可达0.65%~0.72%,与富硼火山喷气的硼含量相符,显示硼在高温水热条件下可在气相中显著迁移,且H_3BO_3气态分子是硼的主要迁移形式之一。矿床地质特征和实验表明,硼的气态迁移和电气石化与稀有金属型伟晶岩的形成和矿化以及某些热液-气成型Sn-W、Mo矿床和斑岩型Cu、Au矿床的形成密切相关。  相似文献   

Speciation of dissolved copper and cadmium in the Loire estuary and over the North Biscay continental shelf in spring     

Matthieu Waeles  Ricardo D. Riso  Jean-Yves Cabon  Jean-François Maguer  Stéphane L'Helguen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Dissolved cadmium and copper species were measured in the Loire estuary and the North Biscay Bay continental shelf (France) in spring 2002. Metal behaviours along the salinity gradient, metal fluxes from the Loire system and surface distributions on the continental shelf were described and compared with the ones obtained at a period of higher discharge (i.e., winter 2001). Vertical distributions at different stations were also examined with the aim to assess whether the Loire inputs affect the Cu and Cd speciation over the continental shelf. In the Loire estuary, different metal behaviours were observed from winter. Cu and its various species mostly followed a theoretical dilution line whereas a Cd addition composed of chloro- and organic complexes was observed. According to our estimations, the Cu flux was composed, as in winter, of 40% hydrophobic organic complexes. On the other hand, Cd organic complexes accounted for less in the total dissolved metal flux than they did in winter (55 and 78% for spring and winter, respectively). On the continental shelf, a C₁₈Cu-to-TDCu ratio of 40% was observed in the stratified area under Loire influence. For Cd, the organic fraction was relatively important in the surface waters near the mouth of the estuary and decreased deeper and seaward. Thus, the Cu and Cd speciation on the North Biscay Bay continental shelf are firstly determined by the extent of the estuarine plume. Beyond the estuarine influence, biological processes appeared to be the origin of the observed variations.  相似文献   

Improving estuarine net flux estimates for dissolved cadmium export at the annual timescale: Application to the Gironde Estuary     

Aymeric Dabrin  Jrg Schfer  Grard Blanc  Emilie Strady  Matthieu Masson  Ccile Bossy  Sabine Castelle  Naïg Girardot  Alexandra Coynel 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):429-439

Dissolved Cd (Cd_D) concentrations along the salinity gradient were measured in surface water of the Gironde Estuary during 15 cruises (2001–2007), covering a wide range of contrasting situations in terms of hydrology, turbidity and season. During all situations dissolved Cd concentrations displayed maximum values in the mid-salinity range, reflecting Cd addition by chloride-induced desorption and complexation. The daily net Cd_D fluxes from the Gironde Estuary to the coastal ocean were estimated using Boyle's method. Extrapolating Cd_D concentrations in the high salinity range to the freshwater end member using a theoretical dilution line produced 15 theoretical Cd concentrations (Cd_D⁰), each representative of one distinct situation. The obtained Cd_D⁰ concentrations were relatively similar (201 ± 28 ng L⁻¹) when freshwater discharge Q was >500 m³ s⁻¹ (508 ≤ Q ≤ 2600 m³ s⁻¹), but were highly variable (340 ± 80 ng L⁻¹; 247–490 ng L⁻¹) for low discharge situations (169 ≤ Q ≤ 368 m³ s⁻¹). The respective daily Cd_D net fluxes were 5–39 kg day⁻¹, mainly depending on freshwater discharge. As this observation invalidates the existing method of estimating annual Cd_D net fluxes, we proposed an empirical model, using representative Cd_D⁰ values and daily freshwater discharges for the 2001–2007 period. Subsequent integration produced reliable Cd_D net flux estimates for the Gironde Estuary at the annual timescale that ranged between 3.8–5.0 t a⁻¹ in 2005 and 6.0–7.2 t a⁻¹ in 2004, depending on freshwater discharge. Comparing Cd_D net fluxes with the incoming Cd_D fluxes suggested that the annual net Cd_D addition in the Gironde Estuary ranged from 3.5 to 6.7 t a⁻¹, without any clear temporal trend during the past seven years. The annual Cd_D net fluxes did not show a clearly decreasing trend in spite of an overall decrease by a factor 6 in Cd gross fluxes during the past decade. Furthermore, in six years out of seven (except 2003), the annual Cd_D net fluxes even exceeded river borne total (dissolved + particulate) gross Cd fluxes into the estuary. These observations were attributed to progressive Cd desorption from both suspended particles and bottom sediment during various sedimentation–resuspension cycles induced by tidal currents and/or continuous dredging (navigation channel) and diverse intra-estuarine sources (wet deposition, urban sources, and agriculture). Provided that gross fluxes remain stable over time, dissolved Cd exportation from the Gironde Estuary to the coastal ocean may remain at the present level for the coming decade and the estuarine sedimentary Cd stock is forecast to decrease slowly.  相似文献   

体积排阻高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定印度芥菜(Brassica Juncea)中镉铜锌形态   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨红霞  刘崴  李冰  魏巍  张惠娟  陈登云 《岩矿测试》2010,29(1):9-13

建立了体积排阻高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定印度芥菜中镉、铜、锌形态分析方法。为了防止巯基化合物氧化反应的发生,样品采取液氮保护并在-70℃保存,样品分析全流程采取氮吹防氧化措施。在镉、铜、锌胁迫下,诱导产生植物螯合肽(PCs)。在叶片和根部均检测到3种元素的4种形态,植物螯合肽(PC)3-Cd(Cu,Zn)、植物螯合肽(PC)2-Cd(Cu,Zn)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)-Cd(Cu,Zn)、半胱胺酸(Cys)-Cd(Cu,Zn)及其在植物体内的分布规律。结合植物不同部位Cd、Cu、Zn分布规律初步推断,Cd、Cu、Zn在与GSH及Cys的结合上存在竞争。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中镉的不确定度评定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

许春雪  王亚平  王苏明  安子怡  代阿芳  袁建  朱家平 《岩矿测试》2010,29(5):607-612

采用不确定度连续传递模型,对电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中镉元素的不确定度进行评定。其不确定度主要来源于标准溶液引入的不确定度、曲线拟合产生的不确定度和测量过程中引入的不确定度三部分。采用双误差回归的方式对标准曲线进行拟合,通过计算出各分量的不确定度,合成得到测量结果的总不确定度。  相似文献