Utility of an automatic water sampler to observe seasonal variability in nutrients and DIC in the Northwestern North Pacific     

Makio C. Honda  Shuichi Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):349-362

Concentrations of nutrients (NO₃, NO₂, Si(OH)₄, PO₄ and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured in a series of seawater samples collected over approximately 15 months in 2005 and 2006 by an automatic water sampler (Remote Access Sampler, RAS) in the Northwestern North Pacific. Seasonal variability and concentrations of NO₃ + NO₂ (NO_x and Si(OH)₄ were comparable to previous shipboard observations, although there were small errors associated with measurements of PO₄ and DIC. Concentrations of these nutrients began to decrease in late April. After the end of June, NO_x and Si(OH)₄ decreased rapidly, with large fluctuations. After October, these nutrients increased again until late spring 2006. The ratio of the decrease of Si(OH)₄ to that of NO_x suggests that numbers of biogenic opal-producing creatures, such as diatoms, increased after the end of June. This conclusion was supported by a rapid increase in biogenic opal flux recorded in a sediment trap at 150 m. The relationship between NO_x concentrations at the RAS depth of 35 m and NO_x integrated over the upper 100 m was determined using previous shipboard hydrocast data. This relationship was used to estimate integrated mixed layer NO_x concentration from RAS data. Estimated new production based on seasonal drawdown of integrated NO_x averaged approximately 156 mg-C m⁻²day⁻¹ annually, which agrees with previous estimates. Thus, an automatic seawater sampler that documents annual maximum and minimum nutrient concentrations and episodic events such as storms and spring blooms, which might be missed by an ordinary research vessel, will contribute to time-series observations of nutrients and, by extension, biological pump activity.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability in coccolithophore abundance and production of PIC and POC in the NE subarctic Pacific during El Niño (1998), La Niña (1999) and 2000     

M.S. Lipsen  D.W. Crawford  P.J. Harrison 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(2):304-325

Seasonal variations in coccolithophore abundance, chlorophyll, nutrients and production of particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC) were determined along a coastal to oceanic east-west transect (Line P) culminating at Ocean Station Papa in the northeastern subarctic Pacific between 1998 and 2000. Offshore stations generally exhibited low seasonality in chlorophyll concentrations, with moderate seasonality in POC production. Near shelf stations showed a similar pattern to offshore stations, but were also characterized by sporadic events of higher POC productivity. During the 1998 El Niño, June was characterized by low chlorophyll and POC productivity along the transect, presumably as a result of depleted surface nitrate. In contrast, during the 1999 La Niña, and in 2000, higher POC productivity and surface nitrate occurred along the transect in June. Chlorophyll and POC productivity were similar in late summer in all 3 years. The coccolithophore population was usually numerically dominated by Emiliania huxleyi, particularly in June. Along the transect, abundance of coccolithophores was much higher in June during the 1998 El Niño (mean of 221 cells ml⁻¹) than in the 1999 La Niña (mean of 40 cells ml⁻¹), with their abundance in late summers of both years being very low. Abundances were even higher along the transect in June and the late summer of 2000 with sporadic ‘blooms’ of >1000 cells ml⁻¹ at some stations (cruise averages 395 and 552 cell ml⁻¹, respectively). Production rates of PIC did not consistently correlate with areas of high coccolithophore abundance. PIC production was high (100-250 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) along the transect during June 1998, and low (1-40 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) during both winters, June 1999 and during late summers of 1998 and 1999. The year 2000 was more complicated, with high rates of PIC production accompanying high abundance of coccolithophores in late summer, but lower rates of PIC production accompanying high coccolithophore numbers in June. Our data suggest that the abundance of coccolithophores and the production rates of PIC in the subarctic are higher than previously thought. Occasional PIC:POC production ratios of 1 or greater in 1998 and 2000 suggest that coccolithophores in this region could have a significant impact on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.  相似文献   

CFC Indicating Renewal of the Japan Sea Deep Water in Winter 2000–2001     

Shizuo Tsunogai  Kentaro Kawada  Shuichi Watanabe  Takafumi Aramaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):685-693

The distributions of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) in the water column was determined twice in 2000 and 2001 in the northwestern Japan Sea. In 2000 the CFC-11 concentration decreased almost exponentially with depth from 6 pmol/kg at a few hundred m deep to 0.3 pmol/kg or less at the bottom of about 3400 m depth at three stations (40–41°N, 132–133°E) about 300 km off Vladivostok. In 2001 the CFC-11 concentration increased sharply up to 2 pmol/kg in the bottom water, while it did not increase at a station (42.0°N, 136.5°E) about 450 km away to the northeast. This is due to the renewal of the bottom water which is replaced by the surface water flowing down along the continental slope, as suggested by Tsunogai et al. (1999), who proposed the continental shelf pump. Furthermore, an increase in the CFC-11 concentration was observed throughout the entire water column above 3000 m depth, although the proportion of the increase was about 20%, which was one order of magnitude smaller than that in the bottom water. The increase in inventory is almost four times larger than that in the bottom water below 3000 m depth which is equivalent to about 1/6 of the total inventory found in 2000. The increase also means that 3% of the deep water was replaced by the recent surface water, or, if the turnover occurs every year, that the turnover time of the deep water to be about 30 years. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

中太平洋海盆碳酸钙溶解带及其特征     

沈华悌  兰翔 《海洋学研究》1997,15(4):29-37

本文通过对不同水深区沉积物中组分、生物面貌、矿物、ＣａＣＯ３含量和碳酸钙溶解率等特征的分析和对比，把本区碳酸钙溶解深度带划分为碳酸钙溶跃面（小于３７００ｍ）、弱溶带（３７００～４８００ｍ）、强溶带（４８００～５２００ｍ）和全溶带（大于５２００ｍ）。提出本海域碳酸钙补偿深度界面约在５２００ｍ。文中还阐述了不同碳酸钙溶解带及其沉积物特征，认为造成这种特征的主要原因是随着水深变化碳酸钙溶解程度不同以及与南极底层流等因素的影响有关。  相似文献   

转柱式散气增氧装置水动力特性的研究     

宋协法  高清廉  周玉光 《海洋科学》1995,19(5):52-56

从理论上分析了转柱式散气增氧装置扩散帽的水动力性能和影响进气量、功率消耗等方面的因素。同时选择了两个系列４种技术参数的扩散帽装置进行对比试验，试验结果与理论分析情况基本吻合。通过理论分析与试验测试，最后选定出扩散帽的最佳技术参数。  相似文献   

泥水盾构泥浆泵选型关键参数规律性研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙恒  黄新淼  马超  陈少林  罗利平  张红伟 《探矿工程》2022,49(4):144-151

为了认清在泥水盾构泥浆泵选型设计时的规律性和差异性,针对现有研究的不足,采用统计分析法,从15个实际工程案例入手,统计了包括开挖直径、隧道长度、穿越主要地层、进排泥的管径、密度和流量在内的17个关键参数,分析在选型设计阶段关键参数之间的规律性和差异性,得到了进排泥的管径、密度与开挖直径的一次线性回归方程,不同地层的进排泥密度选取规律等6点结论,最后将结论成功运用于福州地铁F1线滨海新城站—机场站中间风井泥水盾构区间,研究成果可为今后泥浆泵选型或评估提供新的思路。  相似文献   

永磁直驱变频泥浆泵在雄安地热钻井中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李超  刘家荣  郭坤  刘文武  王玉超 《探矿工程》2021,48(2):100-103

泥浆泵作为钻井主要配套设备,在钻井施工中起着至关重要作用。目前大功率电动泥浆泵中多以交流异步电机驱动,气胎离合器、中间车、皮带轮减速的传动方式驱动泥浆泵。随着地热（干热岩）、页岩气等陆域清洁能源及深部资源勘探开发的需要,对大功率电动泥浆泵也提出了更高的要求。为此,在分析了雄安项目地热钻井的需求后,采用永磁变频电机直接驱动F-1300泥浆泵的小齿轮轴,具有传动结构简单、无级调速、节省能源、控制精度高的优势,适应了现代地热钻井技术的发展,提高了钻机的整体水平和作业能力,提高了钻井效率和质量。  相似文献   

深海采矿锰结核泵的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

唐达生  阳宁  龚德文  肖红  夏建新 《海洋工程》2015,33(4):101-107

锰结核泵是深海采矿扬矿系统中的关键设备,为了研究泵结核矿浆工作性能,在实验室构建了一套高30 m、内径204 mm,可提供最大管网阻力2.5 MPa的泵矿浆性能试验系统,采用不同模拟结核粒径进行了泵矿浆工作特性试验。试验结果表明,锰结核泵基本上达到了预期设计指标,分析了模拟结核粒径d≤50 mm矿浆回流试验泵流道堵塞的原因,初步讨论了锰结核泵的环形格栅通道和泵流道问题,可作为我国中试多级锰结核泵的设计依据。  相似文献   

Modeling and Analysis of Airlift System Operating in Three-Phase Flow     

胡东  康勇  唐川林  王晓川 《海洋工程》2015,29(1):121-132

Based on the momentum theorem, the fluid governing equation in a lifting pipe is proposed by use of the method combining theoretical analysis with empirical correlations related to the previous research, and the performance of an airlift pump can be clearly characterized by the triangular relationship among the volumetric flux of air, water and solid particles, which are obtained respectively by using numerical calculation. The meso-scale river sand is used as tested particles to examine the theoretical model. Results of the model are compared with the data in three-phase flow obtained prior to the development of the present model, by an independent experimental team that used the physical conditions of the present approach. The analytical error can be controlled within 12% for predicting the volumetric flux of water and is smaller than that (±16%) of transporting solid particles in three-phase flow. The experimental results and computations are in good agreement for air?water two-phase flow within a margin of ±8%. Reasonable agreement justifies the use of the present model for engineering design purposes.  相似文献   

海洋鱼骨胶原肽钙螯合物的制备及红外光谱表征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高菲  王维有  鲁军  任迪峰  谷瑞增  蔡木易 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(1):47-54

以海洋鱼骨胶原肽(Marine fish ossein peptide,MFOP)和氯化钙为原料制备多肽钙螯合物,应用Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡试验和中心组合试验设计对螯合工艺进行优化,并对骨胶原肽及其螯合产物进行分子量分布测定和红外光谱分析。结果表明,pH值和肽盐质量比对螯合率有极显著影响(P0.01);优化后的螯合工艺参数:pH=5.90,温度50℃,时间60min,肽盐质量比5.05∶1,多肽浓度45g/L。在此条件下,多肽-钙螯合率为52.47%。凝胶色谱法测定结果显示,螯合物中肽分子量集中在1 000Da以下,其中小肽所占比例相对较大。红外光谱扫描结果显示,螯合产物在1 418cm-1出现羧酸根的伸缩振动峰,而在3 305cm-1处出现Ca-NH2伸缩振动峰,说明生成一种新型的海洋鱼骨胶原肽钙螯合物,具有潜在的营养保健价值和功能应用前景。  相似文献