排序方式： 共有60条查询结果，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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京津冀地区1679年曾发生三河－平谷8.0级大地震,造成了严重的人员伤亡,严重影响当时的社会经济。本文对三河－平谷8.0级地震进行原地再现,分析所造成的人员伤亡。首先,基于最新的建筑物竣工面积统计资料更新建筑物公里网格数据,基于普查数据对人口公里网格进行了更新,并采用热力图对人口的时空流动进行了预测,得到了符合当地特征的承灾体的数量和分布。在此基础上,采用分区分类地震易损性模型和人员伤亡评估模型,对京津冀地区遭受三河－平谷8.0级设定地震的人员伤亡进行了分析。分析结果表明:京津冀地区现今的人口数量相对于1679年成百倍增加,但人员伤亡率大幅降低 相似文献
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Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spatial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area, and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that landslide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China (LCEC) was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories: poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk. 相似文献
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In the prediction process of large-scale earthquake damage occurred in urban and rural regions,new models and approaches,which are different from traditional ones,should be adopted to rapidly predict earthquake damage. This article utilizes sampled population and buildings data that is easily available from the statistical database to conduct vulnerability analysis of buildings on the basis of earthquake damage of existing urban buildings in an analogical way,so as to provide a relation model between population data and disaster losses. In virtue of this model,the average vulnerability matrix of buildings of different structures in Fujian Province is established,the matrix adjustment coefficient of different decades is developed in accordance with the economic conditions,and the rapid evaluation system is set up as well. The result shows: this evaluation model,based on the population statistical data has merits as small investment,automatic data prediction,regular updates,as well as the advantage of easy accessibility. 相似文献
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从九江-瑞昌5.7级地震与人员伤亡所想到的 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简要介绍了九江—瑞昌地震的基本情况与特点。针对此次地震波及范围广、社会影响大与人员伤亡重的现象,与日本的抗震减灾对策及新疆近年几次中强地震的快速应急反应进行比较分析。初步探讨了几种灾害类型与地震灾害的预防。最后给出几点结论。 相似文献
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2021年2月13日,日本本州东岸近海发生7.3级地震,没有造成人员死亡,仅150余人受伤,导致建筑物和基础设施发生不同程度的破坏和功能中断。此次强震并未造成大量的人员伤亡和工程结构本体破坏,但出现非结构构件破坏较为普遍以及基础设施功能中断的情况。介绍了各机构的震后灾害损失快速评估工作,总结了工程结构破坏和功能影响、人员伤亡和经济损失情况。对此次地震的灾害特征进行了总结和思考,认为随着各地区抗震能力的提高,非结构构件破坏、地震灾害链、基础设施功能中断与恢复、抗震韧性将成为今后研究的重点。 相似文献
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Chen CHEN Xiaojun HUANG Jingxian GAO 《东北亚地学研究》2006,9(2):204-206
Impulsion discharge technique is a new technology to prevent geological disasters,such an approach is in a liquid medium into the borehole electrode to gain access to high-voltage,forme discharge,and mechanical wave energy into electrical energy,produce a shockwave and in the same time compact the surrounding soil.Building on the existing foundation of the Act has been applied to engineering and water conservancy projects,the results were very good. 相似文献
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Fast and reliable identification of collapsed buildings is essential in case of earthquake disasters in urban areas. Airborne laserscanning offers the possibility to fulfil this task. Based on height measurements, geometrical surface models of buildings can be generated with this technology. Comparing the undamaged pre-event models with those recorded after an earthquake, the location of collapsed buildings and the dimension and characteristic of their damage can be obtained. The knowledge about typical damage types of collapsed buildings is necessary to interpret the changes found between the pre- and post-event building models. As existing building damage classifications don’t meet the requirements of this novel technique, observations and reports of building collapses were analysed. This leads to a new classification system of collapsed buildings and the definition of the so-called “damage catalogue”.The damage catalogue is a composition of different damage types of entire buildings typically occurring after earthquakes and it contains the observed dimensions of the geometrical features such as volume reduction or inclination change for each damage type. Besides the detectability of these geometrical features in airborne laserscanning data, the differentiation of the damage types takes effects on casualty numbers and on different search and rescue needs into account. The damage catalogue was developed by evaluating the associated database, which contains the characterisation of real damaged buildings by the defined geometrical features.The paper includes the conception of the damage catalogue and of the associated database, their use for the described reconnaissance technique and their further application possibilities. 相似文献
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泥石流灾害损失评价 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
泥石流灾害损失评价是对已经发生的泥百流灾害所造成的损失进行综合性的测算和统计。它是泥石流灾害评价的重要内容之一。一次泥石流灾害，除了直接造成人员伤亡和财产损失外，还可能伴有潜在的间接影响。此外，时间和空间分布状况的不同也增加了评价的难度。所以，泥石流灾害损失评价是一项复杂的工作。灾害损失的严重程度需要通过适当的指标来反映。根据承灾体特点，文章初步建立了泥石流灾害损失评价指标，分别为人员损失、经济损失和救灾投入费用，并且对于每个指标给定了相应的计算方法。人员损失主要由因灾死亡损失和因灾伤害损失两部分构成；经济损失包括直接经济损失和间接经济损失。直接经济损失集在在建筑、资产、交通、管线、资源5个方面，间接经济损失则通过与直接经；声损失的比例关系来进行换算；救灾投入费用是灾害发生后进行救援、治理、恢复等所花费的费用。最终的灾害总损失等于上述3部分损失之和。在此基础上，综合时间和地域因素，提出了灾害损失的时空比较方法，从而增加了评价的科学性和合理性。泥石流灾害损失评价为定量反映灾情、进行泥石流救灾优先性工作提供了依据。 相似文献