重庆老龙洞地下河不同部位水体、表层沉积物有机氯农药含量及组成研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

师阳  孙玉川  徐昕  任坤  Md.Jahangir Alam 《中国岩溶》2014,33(2):238-247

为研究重庆老龙洞地下河不同部位水体、表层沉积物有机氯农药分布特征,用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)分析了样品中OCPs含量。结果表明:研究区水样、表层沉积物中OCPs检出率均为100 %,其浓度在时间上存在季节差异,水体中OCPs、DDTs、HCHs含量丰水期小于枯水期,而在表层沉积物中则表现为OCPs、HCHs丰水期大于枯水期,DDTs丰水期小于枯水期;在空间上则表现为水体中有机氯农药总体下游大于上游,而沉积物中则与之相反。通过对比可知,岩溶洞穴环境由于缺乏光照,空气流动缓慢,生物活动不频繁,使水体中的HCHs不易降解,沉积物中的HCHs不易重新释放而浓度高于洞外。枯水期由于洞内流速较小且变幅不大,水体中的DDTs大量沉积因而其浓度低于洞口,而丰水期洞口因受大量雨水的稀释作用DDTs反而低于洞内的含量;洞内沉积物中的DDTs则因洞内环境恒定不易重新释放和枯水期水体中的大量沉积而一直高于洞外。洞穴环境、不同污水汇入对水体中DDTs和表层沉积物中DDTs、HCHs的组成结构均有不同程度的影响,而对水体中HCHs的组成结构影响不大。此外,地下河不同部位污染源的输入对有机氯污染物的组成结构也有影响。与国内外水体及表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs相比较,研究区水体、表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs浓度分别处于中等和偏高水平。   相似文献   

A historical assessment of coastal contamination in Birch Harbor, Maine based on the analysis of mussels collected in the 1940s and the Mussel Watch Program   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D.A. Apeti  G.G. Lauenstein  K. Kimbrough  M. Kennedy 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):732-742

Coastal contamination in the 1940s was assessed based on analysis of canned blue mussels presumably collected from Birch Harbor, Maine, USA. Analytical results on legacy organic contaminants were compared to long-term National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Mussel Watch (MW) monitoring data to estimate the degree of coastal contamination before World War II (WWII) when many synthetic organic compounds were first introduced into the environment. While dieldrin and chlordane were not detected in the canned mussels, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were present at lower concentrations relative to the more recent MW data. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected, and the later were significantly higher in canned mussels relative to the MW data (p < 0.05). Furthermore, moving average analysis applied to the MW data depicted three-phased temporal trend patterns (increase-decrease-steady state) for virtually all contaminants indicating an overall increased coastal contamination in post WWII era.  相似文献   

Relationships between tissue concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons (polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides) and antioxidative responses of marine mussels,Perna viridis   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Cheung CC  Zheng GJ  Lam PK  Richardson BJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):181-191

Marine mussels, Perna viridis, were transplanted from a reference site to various polluted sites around Hong Kong. After 30 d of exposure, antioxidative responses in the gills and hepatopancreas and tissue concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides (CPs)] were determined for individual mussels. Glutathione S transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were positively correlated with tissue PCB concentrations. Only one of the enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), showed significant response to tissue PCB. No significant correlation was found between tissue concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and other enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and NADPH DT-diaphorase (DT-d). Oxidative stress, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, was correlated with chlorinated pesticide concentrations in tissues. This study demonstrated a correlation between GST/GSH and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The apparent lack of correlation between trace organic pollutants and some of the enzymatic antioxidants may be due to the inhibitory effects caused by these chemicals. The above results suggest that more investigations are needed before these enzymes can be used as biomarkers.  相似文献   

Organochlorine pesticides and PCB residues in sediments of Alexandria Harbour,Egypt   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Barakat AO  Moonkoo K  Yoarong Q  Wade TL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1426-1434

Persistent organochlorine compound concentrations were determined for 23 surface sediment samples collected from Alexandria Harbor, Egypt. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 1210 ng/g with four to seven Cl-substituted biphenyls being the most prevalent PCBs congeners. Different PCB congener distribution patterns were observed, probably reflecting different inputs and attenuation at various locations. Total DDT concentrations varied from <0.25 ng/g to 885 ng/g. The ratios of DDTs (2,4^′- and 4,4^′-DDT)/total DDTs (DDTs plus metabolites) in sediment samples from certain sites were 0.86 or higher, indicating little attenuation or recent input of DDT. Total chlordane (the sum of heptachlor and its epoxide, oxy-, γ- and -chlordane and cis+trans-nonachlor) ranged from <0.25 to 44 ng/g with the highest concentration found in the Arsenal Basin. The geographic distributions of PCBs, total DDTs and total chlordane were similar. Chlorinated benzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chloropyrifos, endosulfan, mirex and pentachloroanisole were below detection limits or detected at low concentrations in most of the samples. Sites that were contaminated with high concentrations of organochlorine compounds were associated with dense population and low energy environment. The contamination levels of PCBs, total DDTs and total chlordane were in high range compared to other locations worldwide.  相似文献   

Field validation of antioxidant enzyme biomarkers in mussels (Perna viridis) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) transplanted in Hong Kong coastal waters   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

De Luca-Abbott SB  Richardson BJ  McClellan KE  Zheng GJ  Martin M  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):694-707

Green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, and Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum were sourced from “clean” sites in the Hong Kong region, depurated in a laboratory using uncontaminated filtered seawater for 8 days, and transplanted to a suspected gradient of chemically polluted sites in Hong Kong. After 14- and 28-days of field exposure, several antioxidant parameters including glutathione S transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) were quantified in gill and hepatopancreas tissues. Whole body tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were determined in pooled site samples. Chemical analyses indicated that: (a) clams had higher levels of PAHs, PHCs, DDTs and PCBs, whereas mussels had higher hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and there was no difference between species for dieldrin and remaining OCs; (b) Kat O should not be continued as a “clean” reference site for Hong Kong, because of the levels of contaminants measured and (c) PAH concentrations in the current survey were similar to those previously measured. Toxicological conclusions were: (a) antioxidant responses were different between species; (b) CAT and GST have highest utility in clams for field use in Hong Kong, whereas CAT in both gill and hepatopancreas tissue showed most potential in mussels; (c) significant induction of antioxidant responses over day 0 (excluding GPx in both tissues, and GST in mussel hepatic tissue); (d) groups of contaminants do not consistently induce antioxidant responses and (e) organochlorines and PCBs correlated significantly with CAT and GST in clam hepatopancreas and with CAT in mussel gill and hepatic tissue. Multivariate statistical techniques indicated little relationship between the site patterns for antioxidant responses and the contaminant gradients identified in body burden analysis.  相似文献   

Organochlorine compounds in tissues of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from Mediterranean Sea and Azores islands     

Stefanelli P  Ausili A  Di Muccio A  Fossi C  Di Muccio S  Rossi S  Colasanti A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):938-950

Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The Italian Ministry of Environment has undertaken a program (1999-2001) to measure levels of contaminants in top marine predators and to develop sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of toxicological risk in these species. In 1999, 15 swordfishes (Xiphias gladius) taken from the Mediterranean Sea along the Sicilian coast (Strait of Messina, Italy) and in the Atlantic Ocean along the Azores Islands, and analysed for 34 congeners of PCBs and 27 organochlorine (OC) pesticides in gonad, muscle, liver and blubber tissues. In the tissues of Mediterranean swordfishes the sum of the determined PCBs congeners ranged from 4.61 to 4651.17 ng g(-1) on fresh tissue basis. Among organochlorine pesticides DDE, DDT and DDD (TDE) predominated with an overall range of 2.37-4734.56 ng(-1) w.w. In particular p,p'-DDE had concentrations appearing up to 3900 ng(-1), with the highest values found in fatty tissues, such as blubber. In the liver of Azores Island swordfishes lower levels of summation PCBs (8.43-294.17 ng/g w.w.) and summation DDTs (<0.01-217.44 ng/g w.w.) were determined.  相似文献   

常压微波技术萃取土壤中有机氯农药   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

汪雨  张玲金 《岩矿测试》2006,25(1):15-18

利用常压微波萃取技术提取土壤样品，经佛罗里硅土柱净化后用气相色谱检测（电子捕获检测器）其中13种有机氯农药。试验了丙酮／正己烷混合溶液的提取条件，考察了提取时间、提取温度和提取功率对提取效率的影响，并与索氏提取及超声波提取进行比较。在优化的萃取条件下，常压微波萃取20min重复测定的平均回收率为84．26％-105．2％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）为0．52％-18．6％。方法的检出限为0．033—0．853ng／g。  相似文献   

加速溶剂提取/GC-MS同时测定动物组织中有机氯农药和多氯联苯   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

佟玲  杨佳佳  阎妮  吴淑琪 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):262-269

动物组织样品油脂含量大、干扰杂质多,对其中低含量有机氯农药及多氯联苯的分析会造成较大程度的影响。针对动物组织样品基质复杂的特点,本文以二氯甲烷-丙酮（体积比为1：1）的溶剂体系,采用加速溶剂萃取技术对样品进行提取,在提取过程中尽量减少脂肪的共提出,然后采用凝胶渗透色谱技术去除样品中的大部分油脂,再结合弗罗里硅土为填料的固相萃取方法对样品进一步净化,能够达到充分去除油脂和小分子杂质的目的。采用气相色谱-质谱分析17种有机氯农药及7种指示性多氯联苯,各化合物的回收率在81.6%~113.4%之间,检出限在1.02~3.59 ng/g之间,技术指标优于部分国家标准。本方法改进了动物样品的净化效果,建立了凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取技术的净化方法,达到了样品快速自动提取、溶剂用量少、基质净化彻底的目的,降低了方法检出限,能够满足快速、准确检测动物组织中低含量持久性有机污染物的要求。  相似文献   

Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, Tilapia, Sarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya     

J.K. Kairu 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(3):253-266

29 specimens of a cichlid fishSarotherodon (=Tilapia) alcalicus grahami were collected from Lake Nakuru between September and October 1990 and samples of liver, kidney, muscle, brain and fat were removed for analysis of organochlorine pesticide and metal residues. Fat was extracted and the concentration of three lindane (BHC/HCH) isomers (alpha, beta andgamma), aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor-epoxide, endrin, dieldrin, DDD, DDE and DDT was determined. Fish muscle samples were digested and the concentration of mercury, arsenic and cadmium was also determined. No residues of o,p¹-DDD, p,p¹-DDD, aldrin, endrin and dieldrin were detected. The highest residue concentration detected was 0.062 mg kg⁻¹ of p,p¹-DDT. The mean pesticide residue concentration levels were generally low. The [p,p¹-DDT]/[p,p¹-DDE] ratio of 1.22 indicated that the residues of the parent DDT compound exist in the Lake Nakuru ecosystem. There was a negative fish length: DDE concentration relationship. Similarly, there was a very weak negative relationship between arsenic concentration and length of fish. The concentrations of metal residues were considerably low. The median arsenic and cadmium concentrations were 0.03 mg kg⁻¹ and <0.1 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations of mercury, with a median level of <0.01 mg kg⁻¹, were particulary low and did not approach a level that would give rise to public health concern. Metal and pesticide residue concentration in fish in 1970 and 1990 does not show a significant increase. From these results, Lake Nakuru is presently not exposed to heavy pesticide and metal contamination, but there is a gradual build-up of these residues in the biota.  相似文献   

Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ag/AgBr for Photodegradation of Imidacloprid under Visible Light     

Dandan Guo  Xiaoqing Zhu  Sheyun Chen  Cenling Wang  Mingli Pi  Xiaoxia Chen  Yuqing Shi  Jingtao Dai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(5)

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