NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF IMPACT OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN SOUTH CHINA SEA AND WARM POOL/WEST PACIFIC ON EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈隆勋  王予辉 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(2)

By using the NCAR CCM1 model, we have designed six sensitive experiments, which areincreased and decreased SST (sea surface temperature) by 1℃ each in the SCS (South China Sea)and in the West Pacific warm pool, increased and decreased SST by 1℃ in the warm pool withincreased SST by 1℃ in the SCS. All experiments are integrated from April to July. Comparingwith the control experiment, we have analyzed the anomalies of the wind field at the upper andlower layers, the anomalies of the seasonal variability of the monsoon and precipitation for eachexperiment. In the result, we have found that the SST anomaly (SSTA) in the SCS greatly affectsthe seasonal variability of the SCS monsoon and precipitation in China, especially during the coldperiod of SST in the SCS. The impact of SSTA in the warm pool on SCS monsoon is also found.but is weak as compared to the effect of SST anomaly in the SCS. Besides, its impact on rainfall inChina is uncertain.  相似文献   

陆面生态过程的一维数值模拟     

杨志勇  朱平  蒋瑞宾 《气象》1998,24(4):3-10

建立了一个研究大气、植被、土壤相互作用的传播模式。模式是由多层大气模式、多层土壤模式和植被模式通过界面上能量、水汽传输平衡方程耦合而成。对植被和土壤的不同性质,进行了一系列的数值试验。结果表明,不同的植被覆盖以及降水等因子会对大气、植被、地表界面上能量、水汽传输以及热状态产生显著的影响。此模式还可以耦合进中尺度模式用以研究非均匀区域陆面过程和大气的相互作用。  相似文献   

发展与不发展南海扰动的能量收支与转换特征     

张翔  邓冰 《热带气象学报》1998,14(1):11-19

利用多年逐月海温距平和区风应力距平观测资料,运用线性回归和ＥＯＦ分析方法,分析了ＥＮＳＯ相联系的热带太平洋典型风应力异常场结构。结果显示,与ＥＮＳＯ线性相关的风应力异常场在时间尺度上表现为低频变化,在水平结构上主要表现为四个典型分布。  相似文献   

海温异常对热带内外环流相互作用影响的对比分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

孙柏民  孙淑清 《大气科学》1998,22(1):83-96

运用ECMWF的风场和高度场及TBB资料,用相关方法对比分析了热带太平洋海温分布东冷西暖（1984～1985年冬季）和东暖西冷（1982～1983年冬季）两种不同背景下,热带西太平洋对流活动与中高纬环流在季内时间尺度下相互作用的特点。结果表明,不同的海温分布其对应的大尺度环流场包括Hadley和Walker环流的位置及强弱均有较大的差别。冬季热带西太平洋对流活动与热带外大气的季内相互作用过程也有明显差异。  相似文献   

包含局地自由对流的Monin—Obukhov相似性函数     

张强 《气象科学》1998,18(1):1-9

本文从湍流产生和发展的本质出发,以湍流动能和湍流混合长为湍流输送的决定因子,用因次分析的方法得到了一套可包括局地自由对流在内的不稳定大气近地层Monin－Obukhov相似性函数。这套相似性函数不仅有较充分的理论依据,而且还有较明确的物理含意。它能在极端情况下自动蜕化出局地自由对流相似性预测形式。  相似文献   

Coupled surface and ground water models for investigating hydrological processes     

Ray‐Shyan Wu  Dong‐Sin Shih  Ming‐Hsu Li  Chia‐Ching Niu 《水文研究》2008,22(8):1216-1229

  相似文献   

1992—2007全球海平面变化     

马金周永宏  廖德春廖新浩 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2007,(1):37-41

引起全球海平面变化的因素是复杂多样的，大气压、风、大洋环流以及海水密度的变化，都会引起海平面在时间、空间上的变化，而海水温度的变化是海平面变化的主要原因。该文利用法国Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data（AVISO）的海表面高度异常数据，计算了1992年10月至2007年1月间，全球海平面的平均上升速度，同时详细解算海平面上升速度的全球空间分布，分析全球海平面的变化趋势并将海平面变化同美国国家海洋大气署（NOAA）的Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature （OISST）海表面温度数据进行了比对和相关分析。  相似文献   

Antarctic dry valleys: Microclimate zonation, variable geomorphic processes, and implications for assessing climate change on Mars     

David R. Marchant  James W. Head III 《Icarus》2007,192(1):187-222

The Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADV) are generally classified as a hyper-arid, cold-polar desert. The region has long been considered an important terrestrial analog for Mars because of its generally cold and dry climate and because it contains a suite of landforms at macro-, meso-, and microscales that closely resemble those occurring on the martian surface. The extreme hyperaridity of both Mars and the ADV has focused attention on the importance of salts and brines on soil development, phase transitions from liquid water to water ice, and ultimately, on process geomorphology and landscape evolution at a range of scales on both planets. The ADV can be subdivided into three microclimate zones: a coastal thaw zone, an inland mixed zone, and a stable upland zone; zones are defined on the basis of summertime measurements of atmospheric temperature, soil moisture, and relative humidity. Subtle variations in these climate parameters result in considerable differences in the distribution and morphology of: (1) macroscale features (e.g., slopes and gullies); (2) mesoscale features (e.g., polygons, including ice-wedge, sand-wedge, and sublimation-type polygons, as well as viscous-flow features, including solifluction lobes, gelifluction lobes, and debris-covered glaciers); and (3) microscale features (e.g., rock-weathering processes/features, including salt weathering, wind erosion, and surface pitting). Equilibrium landforms are those features that formed in balance with environmental conditions within fixed microclimate zones. Some equilibrium landforms, such as sublimation polygons, indicate the presence of extensive near-surface ice; identification of similar landforms on Mars may also provide a basis for detecting the location of shallow ice. Landforms that today appear in disequilibrium with local microclimate conditions in the ADV signify past and/or ongoing shifts in climate zonation; understanding these shifts is assisting in the documentation of the climate record for the ADV. A similar type of landform analysis can be applied to the surface of Mars where analogous microclimates and equilibrium landforms occur (1) in a variety of local environments, (2) in different latitudinal bands, and (3) in units of different ages. Documenting the nature and evolution of the ADV microclimate zones and their associated geomorphic processes is helping to provide a quantitative framework for assessing the evolution of climate on Mars.  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan     

Giuseppe Mitri  Adam P. Showman  Ralph D. Lorenz 《Icarus》2007,186(2):385-394

The Huygens Probe detected dendritic drainage-like features, methane clouds and a high surface relative humidity (∼50%) on Titan in the vicinity of its landing site [Tomasko, M.G., and 39 colleagues, 2005. Nature 438, 765-778; Niemann, H.B., and 17 colleagues, 2005. Nature 438, 779-784], suggesting sources of methane that replenish this gas against photo- and charged-particle chemical loss on short (10-100) million year timescales [Atreya, S.K., Adams, E.Y., Niemann, H.B., Demick-Montelara, J.E., Owen, T.C., Fulchignoni, M., Ferri, F., Wilson, E.H., 2006. Planet. Space Sci. In press]. On the other hand, Cassini Orbiter remote sensing shows dry and even desert-like landscapes with dunes [Lorenz, R.D., and 39 colleagues, 2006a. Science 312, 724-727], some areas worked by fluvial erosion, but no large-scale bodies of liquid [Elachi, C., and 34 colleagues, 2005. Science 308, 970-974]. Either the atmospheric methane relative humidity is declining in a steady fashion over time, or the sources that maintain the relative humidity are geographically restricted, small, or hidden within the crust itself. In this paper we explore the hypothesis that the present-day methane relative humidity is maintained entirely by lakes that cover a small part of the surface area of Titan. We calculate the required minimum surface area coverage of such lakes, assess the stabilizing influence of ethane, and the implications for moist convection in the atmosphere. We show that, under Titan's surface conditions, methane evaporates rapidly enough that shorelines of any existing lakes could potentially migrate by several hundred m to tens of km per year, rates that could be detected by the Cassini orbiter. We furthermore show that the high relative humidity of methane in Titan's lower atmosphere could be maintained by evaporation from lakes covering only 0.002-0.02 of the whole surface.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of helium-3 spatial distribution in the lunar regolith layer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wenzhe Fa 《Icarus》2007,190(1):15-23

³He (helium-3) in the lunar regolith implanted by the solar wind is one of the most valuable resources because of its potential as a fusion fuel. The abundance of ³He in the lunar regolith is related to solar wind flux, lunar surface maturity and TiO₂ content, etc. A model of solar wind flux, which takes account of variations due to shielding of the nearside when the Moon is in the Earth's magnetotail, is used to present a global distribution of relative solar wind flux over the lunar surface. Using Clementine UV/VIS multispectral data, the global distribution of lunar surface optical maturity (OMAT) and the TiO₂ content in the lunar regolith are calculated. Based on Apollo regolith samples, a linear relation between ³He abundance and normalized solar wind flux, optical maturity, and TiO₂ content is presented. To simulate the brightness temperature of the lunar surface, which is the mission of the Chinese Chang-E project's multichannel radiometers, a global distribution of regolith layer thickness is first empirically constructed from lunar digital elevation mapping (DEM). Then an inversion approach is presented to retrieve the global regolith layer thickness. It finally yields the total amount of ³He per unit area in the lunar regolith layer, which is related to the regolith layer thickness, solar wind flux, optical maturity and TiO₂ content, etc. The global inventory of ³He is estimated as 6.50×¹⁰⁸ kg, where 3.72×¹⁰⁸ kg is for the lunar nearside and 2.78×¹⁰⁸ kg is for the lunar farside.  相似文献