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1.
本文利用１９７０至１９８９年共２０年的逐月平均的太平着区的表面风应力和海表温度距平的分析资料，检验了以前设计的热带太平洋和热带大气距平模式的模拟性能，通过使用两组风应力异常场即观测场和热带大气模式对观测海温响应所得的模拟场，重点分析了热带太平洋距平模式对风应力异常的响应特征，结果表明，本文海洋距平模式完全有能力再现ＥＮＳＯ循环折际变化性及其水平结构，且赤道中太平洋区域的低频风应力异常对于ＥＮＳＯ事 相似文献
2.
利用多年逐月海温距平和风应力距平观测资料,运用线性回归和EOF分析方法,分析了与ENSO相联系的热带太平洋典型风应力异常场结构。结果显示,与ENSO线性相关的风应力异常场在时间尺度上表现为低频变化,在水平结构上主要表现为四个典型分布。其中,分布型1主要表现为日界线以东赤道地区东风异常和赤道风应力场辐散;分布型2主要表现为日界线以东赤道地区西风异常和经向异常风应力向赤道气流;分布型3主要表现为日界线以东赤道偏南地区西风异常和风应力场辐合,日界线以西为东风异常;分布型4主要表现为160°W以东的弱东风异常和160°W以西的西风异常。与ENSO线性无关的风应力场主要表现为高频过程,在水平空间结构上其典型场主要位于赤道外地区。还用与ENSO有关的那部分回归风应力异常场强迫海洋距平模式,成功地再现了ENSO的主要信号。这表现观测揭示的典型风应力异常型对于El Nino的产生是根本性的。 相似文献
3.
对热带太平洋海表经向风应力异常与 Ｅ１ Ｎｉ ｏ事件之间的关系进行了诊断分析。结果表明，超前的经向风应力距平场与ＮＩＮＯ３区（１５°－９０°Ｗ，５°Ｓ－５°Ｎ）的海面温度异常（ＳＳＴＡ）有显著的超前相关，这种相关性在超前６个月甚至更早一些就有显示。利用奇异值分解方法分析超前的经向风应力距平场与太平洋海表温度异常场之间的耦合模，结果表明对应于赤道中东太平洋的海面温度异常升高，大气风应力场在超前６个月甚至更早的时候，在赤道中东太平洋表现为辐合的经向异常风应力场，即赤道以北为北风异常应力，赤道以南为南风异常应力。这种耦合模的时间系数与 ＮＩＮＯ３ ＳＳＴＡ指数所表示的 ＥＩｉｏ事件有很好的对应关系，表明这种耦合模反映的正是超前的经向风应力异常与 Ｅｌ ＮｉＢ ｏ事件所对应的海表温度异常之间的相关核态。通过与热带西太平洋纬向风应力异常的比较，赤道中东太平洋辐合的经向风应力异常与ＥｌＮｉｆｉｏ事件发生的同样具有重要的联系。 相似文献
4.
根据诊断分析结果,利用ＬＡＧＳ改进的Ｌ９Ｒ１５气候谱模式,设计了３个数值试验,讨论了不同的年代际背景下ＥＮＳＯ异常对全球降水,特别是对亚洲季风降水的影响。试验结果表明,在年代际的冷、暖背景下,当出现ＥＮＳＯ事件时,降水响应的异常场在ＥＮＳＯ的不同发展阶段上,表现显著不同。出现这种差异的物理过程可以用与垂直环流相联系的势函数的变化来表示。暖背景下,当ＥＮＳＯ处于发展时期,比冷背景下更容易出现强烈反Ｗａｌｋｅｒ的环流,但在ＥＮＳＯ处于衰减期更容易产生强烈的Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流,这就意味着暖背景时的ＥＮＳＯ异常对大气影响的幅度更大。 相似文献
5.
管兆勇 《南京气象学院学报》2000,23(4):475-484
利用一个２层海洋模式和ＧＩＳＳＴ资料、ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料,对大气正压／斜压运动与ＥＳＮＯ循环之间的联系进行了研究。结果表明,在赤道中、东太平洋地区,大气斜压模在ＥＮＳＯ时间尺度上的变化位相略超前于正压模的变化,正压模的变化位相超前于ＳＳＴＡ变化,ＳＳＴＡ变化位相超前斜压模的变化位相。斜压纬向风异常与ＳＳＴＡ具有正相关关系（西太平洋西部相反）;正压模则与Ｎｉｎｏ３区海温异常有负相关关系（西太平洋西部 相似文献
6.
亚洲季风与ENSO循环的相互作用 总被引：27，自引：6，他引：21
ＥＮＳＯ事件对亚洲季风有很大影响,特别是对东亚夏季风环流有较大影响。许多观测事实表明,在ＥＮＳＯ事件处于发展阶段的夏季,江淮流域往往发生洪涝,黄河流域往往发生干旱,东北地区往往发生冷夏。本研究利用观测资料分析了亚洲季风对ＥＮＳＯ事件发生的影响。分析结果表明,在ＥＮＳＯ事件发生前,在热带太平洋上空对流层下层有明显的西风异常;这个西风异常将会加强东传暖Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和西传冷Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波,为ＥＮＳＯ循环提供必要的赤道海洋波动条件;并且这个西风异常与东亚季风区西风异常向南传播有密切关系。通过遥相关分析表明,东亚季风西风异常的南传是通过欧亚型遥相关的波列来实现。通过分析,本研究提出一种亚洲季风与ＥＮＳＯ循环相互作用的物理图像。 相似文献
7.
TBO的原因－异常东亚冬季风与ENSO循环的相互作用 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
基于对 ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料以及其他资料（ＯＬＲ，降水和气温等）的分析研究，结果表明东亚和西北太平洋地区的对流层环流和气候变化都有明显的准两年振荡（ＴＢＯ）特征。同时，异常东亚冬季风可以影响次年夏季的大气环流和气候变化，特别是在东亚地区；而异常东亚冬季风和ＥＮＳＯ循环间又有明显相互作用：持续的强（弱）东亚冬季风通过海─气相互作用可以激发 Ｅｌ Ｎｉ ｏ（Ｌａ Ｎｉ ａ）， Ｅｌ Ｎｉ ｏ（Ｌａ Ｎｉ ａ）反过来又可通过遥相关或遥响应而导致东亚冬季风偏弱（强）。强或弱的冬季风和ＥＮＳＯ循环是相互衔接在一起的，因此可以认为异常东亚冬季风与ＥＮＳＯ循环的相互作用是ＴＢＯ对流层准两年振荡）的基本原因。 相似文献
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赤道印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件 I.资料分析 总被引：26，自引：16，他引：10
利用历史观测数据,研究了印度洋海表温度（ＳＳＴ）的季节变化特征,证实赤道印度洋和东太平洋ＳＳＴ年际变化有显著的正相关,指出这种正相关是由于沿赤道印度洋上空纬向季风环流和太平洋上空Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流之间显著的耦合造成的。这两个异常的纬向环流圈之间的耦合形式看起来很象是存在于赤道印度洋和太平洋上空的一对齿轮（简写为ＧＩＰ）,当一个作顺时向变化时,另一个则作反时向变化。文中还证明ＥＮＳＯ事件与ＧＩＰ的年际异常存在很好的对应关系,暖事件时ＧＩＰ为反向运转;冷事件时ＧＩＰ为正向运转;异常的ＧＩＰ的啮合点位于印尼群岛附近。对８０年代以来的ＥＮＳＯ事件的分析表明,每次事件前期异常的ＧＩＰ的啮合点首先出现在印度洋上空,然后逐渐传入太平洋,引起ＧＩＰ东侧的大气纬向风ｕ和ＳＳＴ同时发生异常变化。当这种风场和ＳＳＴ的异常变化发展东传到达赤道中东太平洋时,导致ＥＮＳＯ事件最终出现。本文由此指出印度洋上空纬向环流的异常可以通过印度洋和太平洋上空大气系统的齿轮式耦合去影响赤道中东太平洋的海－气相互作用并触发ＥＮＳＯ事件发生。 相似文献
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冰芯中所记录的气候异常与ENSO事件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对３００ＢＰ以来记录于中国古里雅冰芯中的降水和δ１８Ｏ等环境气候信息记录及ＥＮ－ＳＯ事件的分析,发现ＥＮＳＯ的发生与古里雅降水异常显著相关。在厄尔尼诺年,古里雅冰芯中的降水与δ１８Ｏ均负异常,即ＥＮＳＯ与古里雅的降水偏少,温度偏低相联系。 相似文献
10.
两类ENSO事件前期的热带太平洋海温距平场 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
分析了１９５６年以来两类ＥＮＳＯ事件热带太平洋海温距平场的特征。结果指出,东部型ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件前期为ＬａＮｉｎａ事件年,热带中东太平洋为强的海温负距平,东部型ＬａＮｉｎａ事件前期为ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件年,热带中不太平洋为强的海温正距平,中部型ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件前期热带中西太平洋多为明显的海温正距平,中部型ＬａＮｉｎａ事件前期热带东太平洋多为明显的海渐负距平。两类ＥＮＳＯ事件前期海温距平场特殊基本相反。 相似文献
11.
By using the data from observation on the Chinese research vessel Xiang Yang Hong No.5 and other sources during AMEX phase II, the kinetic energy budget and circulation characteristics of the tropical storm Irma were analyzed.Irma formed on the ITCZ of the Southern Hemisphere. During the formative stage of the storm, the SE trades and monsoon westerlies on both sides of the ITCZ strengthened, and more importantly, there was a strong divergent flow in upper troposphere. These contributed to the intensification of Irma. At the time when Irma formed, the Richardson number (Ri) in middle and lower troposphere was much smaller than that prior to and post the formation.When Irma intensified rapidly, the area-averaged kinetic energy in the general flow increased in the whole troposphere . The largest contribution came from kinetic energy generation term, -[v.(?)(?)] .indicates that there existed a strong ageostrophic accetration. As to the generation term , the conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy, - |ωα|, made the largest contribution. This illustrates the importance of internal sources and of the ensemble effect of cumulus convection to the kinetic energy.To the increase of area-averaged eddy kinetic energy during the rapid intensification of Irma, the most impor tant source in the whole troposphere was the dissipation term - [E'], that should be interpreted as the. feeding of eddy kinetic energy from smaller to larger scale disturbances. Another important source was generation term, - [v' (?)(?)'], in the lower troposphere. Rather small contribution came from the energy conversion from the kinetic energy of area-mean flow to eddy kinetic energy. Therefore, the eddy kinetic energy of the developing tropical disturbance extracted both from smaller an, .arger scale motions. The former was much more important than the latter In addition, the disturbance acting as a generator and exporter, generated and exported eddy kinetic energy to the environmental atmosphere. 相似文献
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在第(一)部分的基础上,进一步讨论辐散风动能和旋转风动能的收支以及这两种动能之间的转换过程。结果表明,尽管辐散风动能在总动能中所占比重很小,但它的变化与强对流天气过程的发生发展有着更为密切的关系。计算结果表明,在辐散风动能与旋转风动能的转换函数{KD,KR)中,B项(代表垂直运动与旋转风动能的垂直变化的耦合)是最大的转换项;在强对流区,反映涡管伸缩机制的A项也是一个很重要的转换项。就区域时间平均而言,有旋转风动能向辐散风动能(KR→KD)转换。 相似文献
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利用辐散风和旋转风的动能收支方程,对北方一次北上台风倒槽暴雨过程暴雨区内的涡散场能量收支和转换进行了计算.结果表明:暴雨区内动能的增加是暴雨增幅的一个主要原因.暴雨发展时,就旋转风动能(KR)而言,旋转风动能通量(HFR)辐合是主要能源,而旋转风的动能产生项(GR)是主要能汇;就辐散风动能(KD)而言,辐散风的动能产生项(GD)是主要能源,辐散风动能通量(HFD)辐散是主要能汇;总动能水平通量(HF)提供的辐合主要表现于对流层中、低层,这就使得低层辐合加强,上升运动加强,有利于暴雨的增幅.在暴雨过程中次网格尺度效应由能源转变为能汇,在暴雨发展之时能汇减小;能量的转换项C(KD,KR)总为正值,在转换项中,地转效应项的贡献很大.说明暴雨过程能量均由KD向KR转换,也就是说有效位能经KD向KR转换,充分说明了在整个暴雨过程中,尽管辐散风动能变化(∂KD/∂t)很小,但是它在其中充当“桥梁”作用,C(KD,KR)在暴雨发展时达到最大,此时能量转换最为旺盛;对流层低层辐散风动能向旋转风动能的转换是暴雨产生和发展的重要条件.此次暴雨过程,在暴雨区内表现为斜压不稳定和正压稳定共存的特征,其发展过程是系统斜压不稳定增长,正压稳定性减弱的过程,暴雨增幅的另一个重要原因就是暴雨区内低层斜压的发展. 相似文献
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Based on the ERA5 reanalysis datasets during 1980–2019, a total of eleven zonal shear lines (ZSLs) that caused heavy precipitation and lasted more than 60 hours over the Tibetan Plateau in summer are selected for composite analysis. By decomposing the kinetic energy (K) near the ZSL into divergent and rotational kinetic energies (KD and KR) and the kinetic energy of interaction between the divergent wind and the rotational wind (KRD), the influence of the rotational and divergent winds on the evolution of the ZSL intensity is investigated from the perspective of KD and KR. The main results are as follows. The ZSL is a comprehensive reflection of rotation and convergence. The intensity evolution of ZSL is essentially synchronized with those of K, KR, and KRD but lags behind KD by about three hours. The enhancement of K is mainly contributed by KR, which is governed by the conversion from KD to KR. Furthermore, the increase in the conversion from KD to KR is controlled by the geostrophic effect term Af, which is determined by the joint enhancement of the zonal rotational and meridional divergent wind components (uR and vD). Therefore, the joint enhancement of uR and vD controls the increase of the ZSL intensity, leading to increased precipitation. 相似文献
15.
The energetics process of offehore typhoon in three kinds of explosive enhancement (TEE) are ana lyzed using ECMWF data. The results are as follows: (a) During the explosive development process,the enhancement of the rotational kinetic enersy (KW) is mainly in the lower troposphere while that ofthe potential energy (PE) is in the upper troposphere. The magnitude of rotational kinetic energy islargely bigger than that of divergent enersy (KΧ). (b) The environmental energy advected into the typhoon was about 30% of the internal increment of typhoon energy. The magnitude of energy was an order larger than increment of typhoon energy. (c) Among those three kinds of explosively developed typhoon, the enersy transformation mechanisms are different. (d) The influence of environment fields onabrupt intensification of typhoons couldn't be overestimated. 相似文献
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Summary An analysis of the kinetic energy budget is made for a cyclonic development over the Mediterranean. Horizontal flux convergence
constitutes a major energy source. Generation of kinetic energy via cross-contour flow is a persistent sink except only a
weak energy source for the decay period of our case study. Dissipation of kinetic energy, computed as a residual, has local
maxima both in the lower troposphere and near the jet stream level. By investigating the relative importance of divergent
and non-divergent components in the kinetic energy budget we found that when calculating the magnitude of the kinetic energy
one may safely replace the total wind with the non-divergent one. But the horizontal flux convergence of kinetic energy and
the generation of kinetic energy are sensitive to the magnitude of the divergent wind.
A large increase in the kinetic energy of the total flow fields and the nondivergent component of the flows occurs over the
southeastern Mediterranean with the existence of the subtropical jet. This indicates that the subtropical jet steadily receives
energy from divergent flow. Maximum energy conversion and transport occur near the time of maximum storm intensity while smaller
values are observed during the development and decay stages.
Received July 2, 1998/Revised December 28, 1998 相似文献
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台湾地形对台风Meranti(1010)经过海峡地区时迅速增强的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
台风在趋近大陆过程中强度一般衰减, 但Meranti(1010)北上进入台湾海峡过程中却迅速加强, 且在登陆福建时达到最强。采用中国气象局台风资料、NCEP GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料及台湾雷达资料, 结合中尺度数值模式WRF(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)开展台湾地形敏感性试验, 研究Meranti进入台湾海峡过程中的结构变化及迅速加强机理。结果表明:台湾地形是Meranti迅速加强的一个重要影响因子。Meranti北上过程中, 一方面通过台湾岛地形分流作用及其背风坡效应在台湾海峡内诱生中尺度涡旋, 形成正负相间的涡度分布, 激发出与台风相关的扰动波列。地形强迫抬升及扰动波列可加强垂直运动和积云对流, 有利于台风对流发展。另一方面, 台湾地形还通过改变环境气流使台风高空辐散场加强, 环境风垂直切变减小, 形成有利于台风发展的环流背景。比较不同高度台湾地形试验中台风动能收支发现, 台湾地形激发的扰动波列和积云对流增强了次网格尺度系统与台风间能量的交换, 成为Meranti登陆前迅速加强的主要动能源。 相似文献
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A new local kinetic energy (KE) budget for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is constructed in a multi-scale framework. This energy budget framework allows us to analyze the local energy conversion processes of the MJO with the high-frequency disturbances and the low-frequency background state. The KE budget analysis is applied to a pronounced MJO event during the DYNAMO field campaign to investigate the KE transport path of the MJO. The work done by the pressure gradient force and the conversion of available potential energy at the MJO scale are the two dominant processes that affect the MJO KE tendency. The MJO winds transport MJO KE into the MJO convection region in the lower troposphere while it is transported away from the MJO convection region in the upper troposphere. The energy cascade process is relatively weak, but the interaction between high-frequency disturbances and the MJO plays an important role in maintaining the high-frequency disturbances within the MJO convection. The MJO KE mainly converts to interaction KE between MJO and high-frequency disturbances over the area where the MJO zonal wind is strong. This interaction KE over the MJO convection region is enhanced through its flux convergence and further transport KE to the high-frequency disturbances. This process is conducive to maintaining the MJO convection. This study highlights the importance of KE interaction between the MJO and the high-frequency disturbances in maintaining the MJO convection. 相似文献