甲烷动态反应电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中痕量硒   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘金巍  刘雪松  边超  张涛  张智印  魏建朋 《岩矿测试》2019,38(1):85-91

地下水中的硒含量一般低于1μg/L,大量氯离子等形成的多原子离子干扰和较低的电离程度,严重影响常规模式ICP-MS测定地下水中痕量硒的准确性,且检出限难以满足实际需要。本文建立了应用动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱(DRC-ICP-MS)技术测定地下水中痕量硒的方法,采用乙醇为增感剂,甲烷为反应气,通过实验优化了甲烷流量、乙醇含量、雾化气流速、低质量截取(RPq)、射频发生器(Rf)功率、离子驻留时间等条件对硒不同质量数测定的影响。结果表明:乙醇、甲烷可显著降低Ar等形成的多原子离子干扰,乙醇可明显提高硒的响应强度;在优化实验条件下,除74Se外,各离子的校准曲线线性关系良好(R≥0. 9996),方法检出限为0. 02～0. 03μg/L,低浓度和高浓度样品测试结果的RSD 2%(n=5),平均加标回收率为95. 7%。本方法样品前处理简单,使用设备单一,可满足大批量地下水中痕量硒的测定要求。  相似文献   

湿地生态系统碳通量研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

马安娜  陆健健 《湿地科学》2008,6(2)

湿地碳循环在全球气候变化中起着重要作用,而湿地碳通量研究是湿地碳循环研究的关键问题。由于湿地独特的土壤、植被以及水文过程,使得湿地碳通量有别于其他类型的生态系统。湿地温室气体特别是CO2和CH2的释放水平具有明显的时空变化特征,其通量变化与许多外部因素相关,包括土壤状况、水文条件、植被类型、外源氮等。对近年来湿地生态系统碳汇功能变化以及影响碳通量相关因子的研究成果进行了系统的分析和综述。现有的研究表明,土壤状况对湿地碳通量影响较复杂,在一定范围内,表层土壤温度与气体排放密切相关,甚至呈正相关关系;土地利用／覆盖也影响湿地碳通量变化,导致湿地温室气体排放增加;水文条件特别是水位高度对湿地CO2和CH2排放的影响不同,高水位不利于CO2排出,CH2则与之相反;植被对湿地碳排放也起到正、负两方面作用,并且物种各异。还讨论了湿地碳通量研究进展的瓶颈问题,特别对植被演替较快的潮滩湿地碳通量研究做了展望。  相似文献   

天然湿地土壤产甲烷菌及其影响因子研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘德燕  丁维新 《地理科学》2011,31(2):136-142

综合评述了天然湿地产甲烷菌种类、主要产甲烷途径的空间变异及其影响因子。温度不仅可以改变产甲烷菌群落结构和功能,也可影响产甲烷菌功能发挥,目前有关温度对湿地土壤甲烷产生的影响机制有待揭示。以乙酸为底物的产甲烷菌大多生存于维管束植物生长的湿地,H₂/CO₂还原则为苔藓泥炭沼泽甲烷产生的主要途径;在pH<4.7的偏酸性湿地中,自由态乙酸可以降低乙酸发酵型产甲烷菌活性,而氢营养型产甲烷菌和部分其他微生物可能具有自身的弥补机制。还提出今后中国沼泽湿地产甲烷菌和甲烷排放有待加强研究的主要内容。  相似文献   

Thermal conductivity measurement of the synthetic samples of bottom sediments containing methane hydrates     

A. D. Duchkov  A. Yu. Manakov  S. A. Kazantsev  M. E. Permyakov  A. G. Ogienko 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(8):661-669

The experimental setup is described, which makes it possible to simulate the quartz sand samples, containing methane hydrates, and to measure their thermal conductivity, using a needle probe of constant power. The method and results of measurements at different temperatures and pressures are considered. It is established that under the P-T-conditions close to the equilibrium for methane hydrate, the measurements result in the essential overestimation of the thermal conductivity the samples, i.e., to an anomalous increase in its calculated values. This is because of the dissociation (with the heat consumption) of the part of hydrates near the needle probe under the action of its heater. It is possible to conclude that this feature (the anomalous increase in the calculated values of thermal conductivity) is certain evidence for the presence of a noticeable quantity of hydrates in the sediments. This observation offers a new possibility of utilization of the geothermal method for prospecting the subsea gas hydrate accumulations. Our conclusions are confirmed by the results of measurements in situ of the thermal conductivity of the bottom sediment of the Black Sea [Kutas et al., 2005].  相似文献   

Discovery of the southwest Dongsha Island mud volcanoes amid the northern margin of the South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Dongsha Basin, circling Dongsha Island that is amid the northern margin of the South China Sea, is characterized by thin (∼0.5 km) Cenozoic sediments veneering on thick (up to 5 km) Mesozoic strata. Recently, several geophysical and geological surveys, including multiple channel reflection seismic, sub-bottom profiling and benthic dredging, have been conducted on the slope southwest to the Dongsha Island, where the water depth varies from 400 m to 2000 m. A novel discovery is numerous submarine mud volcanoes of various sizes over there, typically 50–200 m high and 0.5–5 km wide. Geophysical profiles document their unusual features, e.g., roughly undulating seafloor, high-amplitude seabed reflectivity, foggy hyperbolic diffractions up to 50 m in water column above seabed, and internal reflection chaos and wipe-out down to 2–3 km level or deeper below the seabed. Benthic dredging from the mud volcanoes gives abundant faunas of high diversity, e.g., scleractinian (stony coral), gorgonian, black coral, thiophil tubeworm, glass sponge, bryozoan etc., indicating booming chemosynthetic community, among which the Lophelia pertusa-like coral and the Euretidae-like glass sponges are the first reports in the South China Sea. Concomitantly with them, there are also abundant authigenic carbonate nodules and slabs, raw, brecciated and breccias with bio-clasts congregation. Besides, there coexist massive mudflows and allogenic coarse-grained quartz, feldspar and tourmaline most likely brought out by mud volcanism. Geochemical analysis of the bottom water samples give dissolved methane concentration up to 4 times higher than the background average. These results lend comprehensive evidences for the ongoing and historical mud volcanism. The escaping methane gas is inferred to source mainly from the Mesozoic strata. Occupying a large province of the deep water slope, ca. 1000 km² or more, the mud volcanoes is prospective for gas hydrate and natural gas for the Dongsha Basin.  相似文献   

氮肥对三江平原沼泽土氧化CH4的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王长科  吕宪国  蔡祖聪  罗勇 《地理科学》2005,25(4):490-494

三江平原新鲜沼泽土添加不同量的NH₄HCO₃后,在25°C下进行了6次连续培养。首次在大气浓度CH₄(约1.8 μl/l)中培养时,供试沼泽土氧化大气CH₄速率与NH₄HCO₃的加入量成反比,表明NH₄⁺最初抑制沼泽土氧化大气浓度CH₄。第1次用高浓度CH₄(约8 000 μl/l)培养沼泽土时,铵态氮抑制供试沼泽土氧化高浓度CH₄,但随着培养的继续,铵态氮的抑制作用逐渐减弱,最终转变为促进供试沼泽土氧化高浓度CH₄。经过高浓度CH₄培养后,添加NH₄HCO₃的供试沼泽土氧化大气CH₄速率上升2.6~5倍,且与NH₄HCO₃的加入量呈正相关,表明铵态氮肥最初对沼泽土氧化CH₄的抑制作用已经转变为促进作用。铵态氮对沼泽土氧化大气浓度CH₄和高浓度CH₄的抑制作用都是短暂的,其长期作用将是促进沼泽土氧化CH₄。  相似文献   

Kohlendioxid-Messungen in einem Durchfluß-Meßsystem mit einem neu entwickelten CO₂-Sensor am Beispiel eines Hartwassersees (Willersinnweiher, Ludwigshafen am Rhein)     

Johannes Schmid  Wolfram Oelßner  Gerd Schukraft 《Limnologica》2002,32(4):338-349

The concentrations of free dissolved carbon dioxide in lake water were measured with a newly developed CO₂ sensor, which was installed in a through-flow measurement system. The results of measurements demonstrate the CO₂ dynamics in lake Willersinnweiher. The CO₂ concentrations showed a correlation with the oxidation of CH₄ in the metalimnion and caused shifts in the carbonate system, thus affecting the autochthonous precipitation and dissolution of calcite.

From the results of measurement appears that the CO₂ sensor is capable of very exact measurements of dissolved free CO₂ in lake water. At the same time, the parameter is easily determined in the field without large expenditures.  相似文献   

In situ Measurement of H2O and CH4 with Telecommunication Laser Diodes in the Lower Stratosphere: Dehydration and Indication of a Tropical Air Intrusion at Mid-Latitudes     

Georges Durry  Alain Hauchecorne  Joelle Ovarlez  Henri Ovarlez  Ivan Pouchet  Virginie Zeninari  Bertrand Parvitte 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,43(3):175-194

Telecommunication laser diodes emitting near 1.39 m and 1.65 m in combination with direct-differential absorption spectroscopy are efficient tools to monitor in situ stratospheric H₂O andCH₄ with a good precision error (a few percents), a high temporal resolution (ranging from 10 ms to 1 s), a large dynamic range in the concentration measurements (four orders of magnitude) and a high selectivity in the analyte species. To illustrate the capability of laser probing technique, we report balloonborne H₂Oand CH₄ simultaneous measurements obtained on October 2001 atmidlatitudes (43° N). The H₂O vertical profile achieved with the lasersensor in the lower stratosphere is compared with the H₂O data yielded by a balloonborne frost-point hygrometer. The total hydrogen mixing ratio in the lower stratosphere, 2[CH₄] + [H₂O], appears to beconstant at 7.5 ± 0.1 ppmv. Nevertheless, an unexpected largedehydration of 0.5 ppmv was detected by both the laser sensor and thehygrometer between 16 km and 23 km. We suspect the occurrence of a tropicalair intrusion into mid-latitudes. We support this interpretation using a high-resolution advection model for potential vorticity.  相似文献   

Anisotropy of gas permeability associated with cleat pattern in a coal seam of the Kushiro coalfield in Japan     

Huoyin?LiEmail author  Sohei?Shimada  Ming?Zhang 《Environmental Geology》2004,47(1):45-50

An underground investigation has been performed in a subbituminous coal seam exhibiting a particular cleat pattern in the Kushiro coalfield, Japan. The coal cleat pattern shows some analogy to isolated straight joints, and is believed to have been formed during the late Tertiary period by a compressive tectonic stress, roughly in the east–west direction. Three cylindrical coal specimens representing the three orthogonal axes of the coal seam with respect to the bedding plane and its associated cleat were cored from a large block of coal. Gas permeabilities of the three coal specimens were measured under the same hydrostatic pressure conditions. Results clearly revealed anisotropy in permeability of the coal seam under relatively low confining pressures of less than about 12 MPa. The specimen cored parallel to both the bedding plane and cleat strike showed the highest permeability, even though the cleats were partly filled with calcite and clay minerals. The permeability in this direction was 2.5 times higher than perpendicular to the bedding plane, and 3 times higher than in the direction parallel to the bedding plane but perpendicular to the cleat strike. This suggests that the cleats play a greater role than bedding planes in controlling fluid flow in the coal seam. The permeability in the three orientations, however, converged to the same value at confining pressures above about 16 MPa. This may suggest that both cleats and bedding planes in a coal seam can close due to earth pressure if the coal seam is located below a certain depth. It further indicates that the traditional view that gas permeability is always greater parallel to the coal bedding than perpendicular to it should be reconsidered.  相似文献   

Stability Zone of Natural Gas Hydrates in a Permafrost-Bearing Region of the Beaufort—Mackenzie Basin: Study of a Feasible Energy Source1 (Geological Survey of Canada Contribution No.1999275)     

Majorowicz  J. A.  Hannigan  P. K. 《Natural Resources Research》2000,9(1):3-26

Analysis of geological and geophysical data from 150 wells in the Beaufort—Mackenzie region(study area between 68°30–70°00N and 131°–39°W) led to reinterpretation of the depth ofmethane hydrate stability and construction of the first contour maps displaying thickness of hydratestability zones as well as hydrate stability zone thicknesses below permafrost. Calculations werebased on construction of temperature-depth profiles incorporating regional heat-flow values, temperatureat the base of ice-bearing permafrost, and models relating thermal conductivity with depth.Data analysis indicates the presence and extent of the methane hydrate stability zone is relatedmainly to the history of permafrost development and less so by the relatively small regionalvariations of temperature gradients. Analysis of well logs and other indicators in conjunction withknowledge of the hydrate stability zone allows reevaluation of the location of possible gas hydrateoccurrences. Log analysis indicates that in the onshore and shallow sea area of theBeaufort—Mackenzie Basin, methane hydrate occurs in 27 wells. Fifteen of these locations coincides withunderlying conventional hydrocarbon occurrences. Previous analyses place some of the hydrateoccurrences at greater depths than proposed for the methane hydrate stability zone described inthis study. Interpretation of geological cross sections reveals that hydratesare related mainly to sandy deltaic and delta-plain deposits in Iperk, Kugmallit, and Reindeer sequences althoughadditional hydrate picks have been inferred in other sequences, such as Richards. Overlyingpermafrost may act as seal for hydrate accumulations; however, the thickness of permafrost andits related hydrate stability zone fluctuated during geological time. It is interpreted that only inthe last tens of thousand of years (i.e., Sangamonian to Holocene), conditions for hydrates changedfrom nonstable to stable. During Early and Late Wisconsinan and Holocene time, conditions werefavorable for generation and trapping of hydrates. However, previously during Sangamonian time,less favorable conditions existed for hydrate stability. Gas release from hydrates may have occurredduring times when hydrate stability was nonexistent because of permafrost melting episodes. It isinterpreted that entrapment of gas in hydrate molecular structures is related to the existence ofconventional structural traps as well as less permeable sediments such as the Mackenzie BayFormation, which act as seal.  相似文献