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991.
非黏结柔性管道作为深水油气开发领域的关键设备,是连接海底井口和海洋平台的主要纽带。海洋油气开发水深已经超过了3 000 m,高静水压力是深水软管设计和安全评价的主要挑战,明确深水柔性管道压溃失效机理,并准确地预测柔性管道的压溃压力可以为柔性管道结构设计和安全评价提供依据,柔性管道的压溃压力与骨架层的几何形状以及骨架层之间复杂的相互作用有关,准确高效地预测压溃压力变得极具挑战性。针对柔性管道失效机理研究和压溃压力预测方法进行了总结,指出当前柔性管道压溃失效分析中薄弱的环节,为我国非黏结柔性管道的结构设计和安全评价提供参考。  相似文献   
992.
A methodology is introduced to assess the post‐earthquake structural safety of damaged buildings using a quantitative relationship between observable structural component damage and the change in collapse vulnerability. The proposed framework integrates component‐level damage simulation, virtual inspection, and structural collapse performance assessment. Engineering demand parameters from nonlinear response history analyses are used in conjunction with component‐level damage simulation to generate multiple realizations of damage to key structural elements. Triggering damage state ratios, which describe the fraction of components within a damage state that results in an unsafe placard assignment, are explicitly linked to the increased collapse vulnerability of the damaged building. A case study is presented in which the framework is applied to a 4‐story reinforced concrete frame building with masonry infills. The results show that when subjected to maximum considered earthquake level ground motions, the probability of experiencing enough structural damage to trigger an unsafe placard, leading to building closure, is more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than the risk of collapse.  相似文献   
993.
为研究基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能,以备用荷载路径法为基础,采用静力非线性Pushdown方法和静力线性方法对一栋典型的收进式竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构进行分析,从备用荷载路径的抗连续倒塌机制和需求能力比两个角度研究竖向不规则钢筋混凝土基础隔震结构的抗连续倒塌性能,为基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌设计提供参考;为进一步研究结构布置形式不规则性以及裙楼和塔楼层数变化对竖向不规则基础隔震抗连续倒塌性能的影响,分别建立塔楼布置不同、裙楼与塔楼层数变化的模型进行对比研究。研究表明:除角柱失效工况自身无法产生悬链线机制外,其余底层框架柱失效工况中备用荷载路径在整个推覆倒塌过程中均表现出明显的悬链线机制;当隔震支座失效时,由于隔震层水平刚度小,相邻支座无法提供足够的侧向约束作用而难以形成明显的悬链线机制;增加结构冗余度和备用荷载路径中参与荷载传递的构件数量可以有效提高剩余结构抗连续倒塌能力;除角柱和角支座外,隔震支座失效工况DCR值普遍大于对应位置底层框架柱失效工况,备用荷载路径中某些构件的失效风险相对较大。  相似文献   
994.
林健康  杨文伟  包超 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):713-720,840
为了探究上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的混合结构抗连续倒塌机制,利用拆除构件法,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对初始失效后的剩余结构进行非线性静力(Pushdown方法)分析,研究其剩余结构的倒塌破坏模式、荷载变形关系,以及初始失效柱位置的不同和钢框架层数对结构抗连续倒塌性能的影响。结果表明:剩余结构的倒塌破坏模式带有典型的延性变形特征,且在倒塌过程中出现位移和应力分布不连续现象;除边柱失效后剩余结构的倒塌过程仅经历了梁机制外,其余剩余结构的倒塌过程均经历了梁机制、压拱机制和悬链线机制;剩余结构的竖向承载力与初始失效柱高度呈负相关,与钢框架层数呈正相关;为剩余结构提供足够的侧向约束作用以及提高结构冗余度和备用荷载路径数量,可以有效提高剩余结构的抗连续倒塌能力。  相似文献   
995.
为研究梯段板下端设置隔震防倒塌支座和楼梯间位置对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,利用ETABS软件建立不包括、包括隔震防倒塌支座的3种楼梯间布置方案,6个框架结构计算模型。通过模态分析、反应谱分析和Pushover分析,研究隔震防倒塌支座和楼梯间位置对框架结构的振型、内力及破坏机制的影响。结果表明:梯段板下端设置隔震防倒塌支座后,楼梯间位置对钢筋混凝土框架结构的扭转效应影响较小,且框架结构在两个主轴方向的动力特性比较接近;楼梯间框架柱内力均显著降低,但楼梯间布置在最边跨时,在垂直于梯跑方向地震作用下,框架结构边柱内力较大;框架梁对整体框架结构的耗能贡献较多,增强了框架结构的抗震性能,大震时楼梯构件严重破坏较晚,设置隔震防倒塌支座可保证楼梯整体稳定性。  相似文献   
996.
The seismic collapse capacity of ductile single-degree-of-freedom systems vulnerable to P-Δ effects is investigated by examining the respective influence of ground motion duration and acceleration pulses. The main objective is to provide simple relationships for predicting the duration-dependent collapse capacity of modern ductile systems. A novel procedure is proposed for modifying spectrally equivalent records, such that they are also equivalent in terms of pulses. The effect of duration is firstly assessed, without accounting for pulses, by assembling 101 pairs of long and short records with equivalent spectral response. The systems considered exhibit a trilinear backbone curve with an elastic, hardening and negative stiffness segment. The parameters investigated include the period, negative stiffness slope, ductility and strain hardening, for both bilinear and pinching hysteretic models. Incremental dynamic analysis is employed to determine collapse capacities and derive design collapse capacity spectra. It is shown that up to 60% reduction in collapse capacity can occur due to duration effects for flexible bilinear systems subjected to low levels of P-Δ. A comparative evaluation of intensity measures that account for spectral shape, duration or pulses, is also presented. The influence of pulses, quantified through incremental velocity, is then explicitly considered to modify the long records, such that their pulse distribution matches that of their short spectrally equivalent counterparts. The results show the need to account for pulse effects in order to achieve unbiased estimation of the role of duration in flexible ductile systems, as it can influence the duration-induced reduction in collapse capacity by more than 20%.  相似文献   
997.
An efficient component model has been developed that captures strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section (HSS) columns. The proposed model consists of two fiber-based segments at a member's ends along with an elastic segment in between. The fibers exhibit nonlinear uniaxial stress–strain behavior, which is explicitly defined by uniaxial monotonic tensile and cyclic round coupon tests. The postbuckling behavior of an HSS column is traced through a proposed uniaxial effective stress–strain constitutive formulation, which includes a softening branch in compression and an energy-based deterioration rule to trace the influence of cyclic deterioration in the inelastic cyclic straining. These may be inferred by uniaxial stub-column tests. The component model captures the coupling between the column axial force and flexural demands. Consistent model parameters for a number of steel materials used in the steel construction in North America and Japan are proposed along with the associated model calibration process. The efficiency of the proposed model in predicting the hysteretic behavior of HSS columns is demonstrated by comparisons with physical steel column tests subjected to various loading histories, including representative ones of ratcheting prior to earthquake-induced collapse. The proposed model is implemented in an open-source finite element software for nonlinear response history analysis of frame structures. The effectiveness of the proposed model in simulating dynamic instability of steel frame buildings is demonstrated through nonlinear response simulations of a four-story steel frame building, which was tested at full-scale through collapse. Limitations as well as suggestions for future work are discussed.  相似文献   
998.
The Abrolhos Bank is an area of high ecological, socio-economic importance and harbour the richest and most-extensive coral reefs in the South Atlantic. Here we report the discovery of shallow (12–25 m depth) reef complex with ten large biogenic structures, intermediate between the typical mushroom-shaped pinnacles of the northern Abrolhos Bank (17°–18° S) and the small patch reefs found on the central/southern coast of the Espírito Santo State (19°–20° S). The newly discovered reefs harbour a relatively rich and abundant reef community, with 73 fish and 14 benthic cnidarian species, including endangered and commercially important ones. We discuss on urgent needs of properly mapping and understanding the ecological functioning of this reef system. Information provided here is a baseline for future impact evaluations, particularly considering the recent worst environmental disaster of Brazil from a dam collapse in Doce river that affected the region.  相似文献   
999.
Reinforced concrete frame structures built prior to the mid‐1970s are susceptible to brittle column failure under seismic action, potentially leading to progressive collapse of the structure. The behavior of columns susceptible to brittle shear‐axial failure has been studied previously but rarely has the interaction between damaged columns and the surrounding three‐dimensional structure been investigated experimentally and at full scale. In this study, as the second in a series of hybrid simulations, two full‐scale reinforced concrete columns of a representative pre‐1970s structure were tested at the Multi‐axial Full‐scale Substructure Testing and Simulation (MUST‐SIM) laboratory. Through the use of hybrid simulation, the interaction of the columns with the surrounding structure is studied under a severe seismic motion including vertical excitation. The computational model representing the remainder of the representative 10‐story structure is created in the computer program OpenSees. During the hybrid simulation, both physical specimens experience significant loss of shear and axial strength, and the effects of these failures on the surrounding system are described. The three‐dimensional computational model in OpenSees allowed for analytical flexural‐axial failure of a third column in the structure to occur. The effects of these multiple failures on the response of a full structural system under seismic action are quantified, and the progressive collapse resistance mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
1000.
结构系统可靠性计算的方向概率法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过随机空间的映射变换,将多个失效模式的失效面统一变换到随机独立的标准正态空间(Gauss空间)内,利用该空间球坐标沿其径向的X^2分布特性,计算系统失效域上的失效概率。由于无需进行模式间相关性的近似分析,因而提高了系统失效概率的计算精度。两种结构的可靠性分析算例表明,该方法实用性强,操作性好,精度较高,对于有高度非线性失效面方程的可靠性计算问题亦有很强的适应性。  相似文献   
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