Positional uncertainty in manually digitized map data     

PAUL V. BOLSTAD  PAUL GESSLER  THOMAS M. LILLESAND 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):399-412

Digital map coordinates represent the locations of real world entities. As such, differences can exist between the ‘tru’ and digital database coordinates of those entities. This paper reports on a statistical characterization of positional error in manually-digitized and map-registered point data, the relative contribution of point type and operator to digitization error, and the effects of map media type on the positional uncertainty associated with registration.

Manually-digitized point data were collected by four operators from mylar and paper maps. Point locations for a number of different feature types were sampled from United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24 000 scale maps. Linear models were used to estimate the variance components due to among-operator, map media, point type and registration effects. The statistical distribution of signed distance deviations for manually-digitized data was leptokurtic relative to a random normal variate. Unsigned deviations averaged 0-054 mm. Squared distance deviations were not different from a Chi-square random variate. Variance components indicate that among-operator differences in positional uncertainty were large and statistically significant, while differences among point type were small and non-significant. Signed distance deviations associated with a first-order afhne followed a normal distribution. Unsigned distance deviations associated with a first-order affinc transformation averaged 0068mm, and squared distance deviations were distributed as a Chi-square. Differences in transformation accuracy were not related to type of map media.  相似文献   

AQK嵌岩扩底钻头的结构特点          下载免费PDF全文

宋秋锋  靳益民  朱彩华  张新华  张建 《探矿工程》2012,39(11):37-38,43

论述了AQK大直径嵌岩扩底钻头的结构设计特点,阐述了新型扩底钻头的适应性和可靠性,对扩底钻头制造及钻扩施工过程中的关键问题提出了几点要求。  相似文献   

煤矿瓦斯抽放井一次成井工艺及技术效果     

张远丰  齐路恒  马秀民  王海涛  刘卫民  韩俊山 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(5):66-68

煤矿瓦斯抽放井要求垂直精度高、井径大,通常采用常规钻探工艺时,需进行3-4次扩孔才能达到最终孔径,施工时间较长,钻进效率较低。此次在端氏煤矿施工的大口径瓦斯抽放井,采用了的一次成井钻进技术及工艺方法,钻进口径达到φ660mm,选用了江汉735型和715型系列镶齿牙轮钻头,采用塔式加重钻具控制并保证了钻井的重直度,采用密度较大的化学泥浆和保持大泵量排渣,避免了井底牙轮钻头的重复破碎,确保了钻进效果。与传统的扩孔工艺相比,缩短了施工周期,成井质量高,提高了钻进效率,降低了钻进成本。  相似文献   

Comparative assessment of the relationship of satellite data with the above ground biomass of Sal trees (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Shorea robusta</Emphasis>) determined from phenologically different time periods     

Nilanchal Patel  Arnab Majumdar 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,14(3):177-183

The Above Ground Biomass(AGB) estimates of vegetation comprise both the bole biomass determined through a volumetric equation and litter biomass collected from the ground.For mature trees,the AGB estimated in phenologically different time periods is directly affected by the litter biomass since the Diameter at Breast Height(DBH) and height(H) of such trees that are used in the estimation of bole biomass would remain unchanged over a reasonable time period.In the present study,we have determined the AGB of Sal trees(Shorea robusta) in two contrasting seasons:the peak green period in October being devoid of lit-ter on the ground and the leaf shedding period in February with abundant amount of litter present on the ground.Estimation of AGB for the month of February included the litter biomass.In contrast,the AGB for October represented only the bole biomass.AGB was estimated for ten different plots selected in the study area.The AGB estimated from ten sampling plots for each time period was re-gressed with the individual tree parameters such as the average DBH and height of trees measured from the corresponding plots.The regression analysis exhibited a significantly stronger relationship between the AGB and DBH for the month of October as compared to February.Furthermore,the correlation between the remotely sensed derived data and AGB was also found to be significantly higher for the month of October than February.This observation indicates that inclusion of the litter biomass in AGB will tend to decrease the re-gression relationship between AGB and DBH and also between the remotely sensed data and AGB.Therefore,these conclusions invite careful consideration while estimating AGB from satellite data in phenologically different time periods.  相似文献   

娄江特大桥深孔泵吸反循环工艺的改进          下载免费PDF全文

张广亮  刘建涛  陈益敏 《探矿工程》2011,38(6):47-50

随着国家基础设施投入的加大,桩径1000－2000 mm、孔深100－130 m的钻孔灌注桩在各类工程中屡被采用。泵吸反循环传统上被用于孔深不超过80 m的深孔,在京沪高铁第六标段娄江特大桥钻孔灌注桩施工中,通过对现有的反循环钻机进行改进,很大程度上提高了泵吸反循环的工作效率,顺利地完成了孔深131 m、桩径1.8 m桩孔的施工,产生了很好的经济效益。  相似文献   

大口径取心工艺在刚果(金)某矿区的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李慧芳 《探矿工程》2011,38(9):46-48

为了满足选冶试验矿样质量的需要,刚果（金）Sicomines铜钴矿区选用了大口径取心（≥Φ325 mm）钻探工艺。实际应用表明,针对完整或破碎地层条件选用不同的筒状钻具及取心工艺是大口径取心工程成功的关键。  相似文献   

梧桐庄矿新增大口径3号排水孔施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

郭再峰 《探矿工程》2011,38(9):83-85

介绍了梧桐庄矿大口径排水孔钻探成井、固井施工技术。该孔设计孔深646 m,终孔直径520 mm,落点坐标水平位移≯5 m,下入重达90余吨的Φ426 mm套管646 m,水泥固井。由于钻孔直径大,垂直度要求高,施工难度大,预防钻孔超斜、确保顺利安全下入Φ426 mm套管并固井是关键。通过采用小口径先导孔钻进再扩孔成井的施工方法,并采取合理的钻具组合和泥浆,制定有效的防斜技术和下套管措施等,顺利完成了施工任务,施工质量满足设计要求。  相似文献   

小直径特深孔绳索取心口径系列及钻柱方案     

孙建华  陈师逊  刘秀美  梁健 《探矿工程》2013,40(8):1-5,17

现行绳索取心口径系列主要适用于3000 m以内浅钻孔。在4000 m左右的特深孔绳索取心钻进中,存在一定的技术“瓶颈”,如地层复杂,甚至无法安全钻达设计深度。论证3000～5000 m特深孔绳索取心合理口径系列和钻柱方案是为特深孔成套钻探装备研制、绳索取心钻具开发提供技术依据的重要前期工作,也是一项公益性和开放性的技术工作。简述了特深孔绳索取心口径系列及钻柱方案的初步设想,期望国内钻探专家、一线技术人员广泛参与,进一步论证。  相似文献   

Heat transfer between a thermochemical plume channel and the surrounding mantle in the presence of horizontal mantle flow     

A. A. Kirdyashkin  N. L. Dobretsov  A. G. Kirdyashkin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(8):684-700

Heat and mass transfer processes in the conduit of a thermochemical plume located beneath an oceanic plate far from a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) proceed under conditions of horizontal convective flows penetrating the plume conduit. In the region of a mantle flow approaching the plume conduit (in the frontal part of the conduit), the mantle material heats and melts. The melt moves through the plume conduit at the average velocity of flow v and is crystallized on the opposite side of the conduit (in the frontal part of the conduit). The heat and the chemical dope transferred by the conduit to the mantle flow are carried away by crystallized mantle material at the velocity v.The local coefficients of heat transfer at the boundary of the plume conduit are theoretically determined and the balance of heat fluxes through the side of the plume conduit per linear meter of the conduit height. The total heat generation rate, transmitted by the Hawaiian plume into the upper and lower mantle, is evaluated. With the use of regular patterns of heat transfer in the lower mantle, which is modeled on the horizontal layer, heated from below and cooled from above, the diameter of the plume source, the kinematic viscosity of the melt in the plume conduit, and the velocity of horizontal lower-mantle flows are evaluated and the dependences of the temperature drop, viscosity and Rayleigh number for the lower mantle on the diameter of the plume source are presented.  相似文献   

基于蚁群规则挖掘算法的多特征遥感数据分类     

戴芹  刘建波 《地理研究》2009,28(4):1136-1145

蚁群算法作为一种新型的智能优化算法,已经成功应用在许多领域,然而应用蚁群优化算法进行遥感数据处理则是一个新的研究热点。蚁群规则挖掘算法是基于分类规则挖掘进行分类,能够处理多特征的数据。因此,论文将蚁群规则挖掘算法应用到多特征遥感数据分类处理中,并采用北京地区的Landsat TM和 Envisat ASAR数据作为实验数据,对选择的遥感数据进行了多特征分类实验。实验结果分别与最大似然分类法、C4.5方法进行对比,分析表明:1)蚁群规则挖掘算法是一种无参数分类的智能方法,具有很好的鲁棒性,2)能够挖掘较简单的分类规则;3)能够充分利用多源遥感数据等。它可以充分利用多特征数据进行土地覆盖分类,从而能够提高分类的效率。  相似文献