Visual framework for development and use of constitutive models     

Youssef M. A. Hashash  Donald C. Wotring  John I‐Chiang Yao  Jung‐Suk Lee  Qingwei Fu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(15):1493-1513

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Microplane constitutive model for porous isotropic rocks     

Zdenk P. Baant  Goangseup Zi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(1):25-47

The paper deals with constitutive modelling of contiguous rock located between rock joints. A fully explicit kinematically constrained microplane‐type constitutive model for hardening and softening non‐linear triaxial behaviour of isotropic porous rock is developed. The microplane framework, in which the constitutive relation is expressed in terms of stress and strain vectors rather than tensors, makes it possible to model various microstructural physical mechanisms associated with oriented internal surfaces, such as cracking, slip, friction and splitting of a particular orientation. Formulation of the constitutive relation is facilitated by the fact that it is decoupled from the tensorial invariance restrictions, which are satisfied automatically. In its basic features, the present model is similar to the recently developed microplane model M4 for concrete, but there are significant improvements and modifications. They include a realistic simulation of (1) the effects of pore collapse on the volume changes during triaxial loading and on the reduction of frictional strength, (2) recovery of frictional strength during shearing, and (3) the shear‐enhanced compaction in triaxial tests, manifested by a deviation from the hydrostatic stress–strain curve. The model is calibrated by optimal fitting of extensive triaxial test data for Salem limestone, and good fits are demonstrated. Although these data do not cover the entire range of behaviour, credence in broad capabilities of the model is lend by its similarity to model M4 for concrete—an artificial rock. The model is intended for large explicit finite‐element programs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Continuum Theory For Lattice Preferred Orientation     

Neil M. Ribe 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,97(2):199-207

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应用塑性图对陕西特殊土的判别     

马桂芝 《地球科学与环境学报》1995,(2)

塑性图是由卡萨格兰德（Ａ·Ｃａｓａｇｒａｎｄｅ）于１９４２年首次提出的，该图将阿太量（Ａ·Ａｅｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ）界限（液限、塑限）应用于土质分类．本文根据塑性图判别理论并应用塑性图，对陕西省特殊土（黄土、三趾马红土、膨胀土等）进行了判别，结果为黄土位于ＣＬＹ区，三趾马红土和膨胀土位于ＣＨＥ区，其效果较好，达到了分类的目的．  相似文献   

中国畜禽养殖的空间分析及分区研究(英文)   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

付强  诸云强  孔云峰  孙九林 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):1079-1100

The capacity of livestock breeding in China has increased rapidly since 1949, and the total output of meat, poultry and eggs maintains the world’s top first in recent 20 years. Livestock emissions and pollution is closely associated with its population and spatial distribution. This paper aims to investigate the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry breeding in China. Using statistical yearbook and agricultural survey in 2007, the county-level populations of livestock and poultry are estimated as equivalent standardized pig index (ESP), per cultivated land pig index (PCLP) and per capita pig index (PCP). With the help of spatial data analysis (ESDA) tools in Geoda and ArcGIS software, especially the Moran’s I and LISA statistics, the nationwide global and local clustering trends of the three indicators are examined respectively. The Moran’s I and LISA analysis shows that ESP and PCP are significantly clustering both globally and locally. However, PCLP is clustering locally but not significant globally. Furthermore, the thematic map series (TMS) and related gravity centers curve (GCC) are introduced to explore the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry in China. The indicators are classified into 16 levels, and the GCCs for the three indicators from level 1 to 16 are discussed in detail. For districting purpose, each interval between gravity centers of near levels for all the three indicators is calculated, and the districting types of each indicator are obtained by merging adjacent levels. The districting analysis for the three indicators shows that there exists a potential uniform districting scheme for China’s livestock and poultry breeding. As a result, the China’s livestock and poultry breeding would be classified into eight types: extremely sparse region, sparse region, relatively sparse region, normally sparse region, normal region, relatively concentrated region, concentrated region and highly concentrated region. It is also found that there exists a clear demarcation line between the concentrated and the sparse regions. The line starts from the county boundary between Xin Barag Left Banner and Xin Barag Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west coast of Dongfang County, Hainan Province.  相似文献   

离子类土壤固化剂对高温冻土工程性质改良试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张致龙  张建明  张虎  柴明堂 《冰川冻土》2019,41(1):140-146

为了研究离子类土壤固化剂对青藏高原高温冻土工程性质的改良效果,分别选用酸性和碱性离子类土壤固化剂对冻结青藏粉质黏土进行了改良测试。塑性指数测试表明,两种固化剂的最优含量为0.2%。固化剂含量小于0.3%时,冻结温度相对原状土样没有明显的下降。对不同含量碱性和酸性固化土力学性质进行了测试,无侧限单轴抗压强度相对原状土样整体增大,碱性和酸性固化土抗压强度最大分别提高了78.7%和46.6%,最优配比（0.2%）的碱性和酸性固化土体积压缩系数随养护龄期增大而减小,两种固化土的体积压缩系数相对原状土样最大分别下降了80.0%和38.5%,固化效果明显。碱性固化土力学性质变化更显著,说明其更适合对青藏黏土进行改良。  相似文献   

Solid–fluid transition modelling in geomaterials and application to a mudflow interacting with an obstacle     

Noémie Prime  Frédéric Dufour  Félix Darve 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(13):1341-1361

Given the contrasting behaviour observed for geomaterials, for example, during landslides of the flow type, this contribution proposes an original constitutive model, which associates both an elasto‐plastic relation and a Bingham viscous law linked by a mechanical transition criterion. This last is defined as the second‐order work sign for each material point, which is a general criterion for divergence instabilities. Finite element method with Lagrangian integration points is chosen as a framework for implementing the new model because of its well‐known ability to deal with both solid and fluid behaviours in large deformation processes. A first boundary model considering a sample of initially stable soil, a slope and an obstacle is performed. The results show the power of the constitutive model because the consistent evolution of initiation, propagation and arrest of the mudflow is described. A parametric study is led on various plastic and viscous parameters to determine their influence on the flow development and arrest. Finally, forces against the obstacle are compared with good agreement with those of other authors for the same geometry and a pure viscous behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

乳山市建设用地利用与经济社会发展耦合协调关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

张法朋  丁文婕 《山东国土资源》2020,36(5):63-68

基于2012-2016年乳山市建设用地利用与经济社会发展的时间序列数据,构建乳山市建设用地利用与经济社会发展耦合协调度模型,研究乳山市在2012-2016年期间建设用地和经济社会之间的关系。首先选取评价指标建立指标体系,采用熵值法确定指标体系权重,然后对两者的耦合协调度进行定量分析。结果表明:2012年建设用地利用水平、经济社会发展水平综合评价值分别为0.4394,0.1907;而2016年综合评价值增加到0.6716,0.9315,乳山市建设用地利用水平与经济社会发展水平都有大幅度增长。两者的耦合协调度由2012年0.3805增加到2016年0.6289,耦合关系逐年优化。最后针对建设用地规模过大,土地集约利用程度较低等问题,提出继续提高土地集约利用水平、优化产业结构等建议。  相似文献   

基于SNA的新型集中社区公共空间网络结构优化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

邹晴晴  王勇  李广斌 《地理科学进展》2016,35(7):829-838

公共空间并非“存在即合理”。公共空间网络结构效率折射出社会网络的重构能力、社会资本的建构强度、社会秩序的重塑能力。新型集中社区作为近年大量涌现的新型居住形态,正面临社会关系重构的巨大压力。本文运用社会学的网络分析法研究公共空间网络,并对苏州新型集中社区D的公共空间网络结构进行实证分析,其结论为：公共空间网络的关联度为0.216、中心势0.358、小世界值1.978,表明空间网络整体关联度不足,呈现出破碎化的特征;商业空间整合效应的发挥受到业态配置的影响;居民社会属性对空间网络结构特征造成一定影响。最后,基于“社会—空间”互动逻辑,以社会网络重构为导向,从集中安置模式、公共空间网络优化2个层面,提出新型集中社区有待进一步研究的方向,以期为当前及未来的集中社区规划建设和公共空间整体优化提供科学合理的依据。  相似文献   

中国大型金矿床空间分布规律及找矿方向   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王世称  陈永良 《地球科学》1999,24(5):455-458

我国存在８个金矿成带,每个放带均由数个金矿床集区构成,我国已发现的大型金矿床均赋存于金矿床密集区中,且具有与中小型金矿床密切共生的特点;因此,金矿床密集区的存在是寻找大型金矿床的区域性标志之一。  相似文献