流域水文模型研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

石教智  陈晓宏 《水文》2006,26(1):18-23

本文介绍了流域水文模型的分类,论述了流域水文模型基础理论——产汇流理论的发展及其自身的研究进展,探讨了流域水文模型的研究趋势和发展困境,并对未来做出了展望,以期能推进流域水文模型的研究。  相似文献   

煤矿瓦斯浓度与气象因子相关分析及预报模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩虹  康中华李胜韩文琦  刘勇明 《气象科技》2006,34(6):796-798

对山西省大同市地方煤矿1979~1997年发生的90起重大典型事故案例进行分析,发现瓦斯事故是发生次数最多,占事故总数的33%,而其造成的灾害也最重。瓦斯浓度的高低与气象因子具有一定的相关性,通过统计计算,得出了旬瓦斯浓度与旬气温、旬气压的相关关系,建立了旬瓦斯浓度预报模型和逐日瓦斯浓度等级预报模型,预报拟合率和试报效果较好。利用该研究成果,结合中短期天气预报,可以提前预报瓦斯浓度的变化趋势,对于搞好煤矿安全生产的管理,及时加大通风,减少事故发生具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Mass Concentration and Mineralogical Characteristics of Aerosol Particles Collected at Dunhuang During ACE-Asia     

沈振兴  曹军骥  李旭祥  王亚强  张小曳 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):291-298

Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m?3 and 307 μg m?3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m?3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μgm?3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.  相似文献   

基于叶片光谱的森林叶绿素浓度反演研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

焦全军  张霞  张兵  卫征  郑兰芬 《国土资源遥感》2006,(2):26-30

准确估测森林叶片叶绿素浓度有助于进一步理解和模拟森林生态系统。基于江西省千烟州试验区主要树种光谱数据和相应叶绿素浓度等化学参量数据,使用高光谱指数和偏最小二乘(PLS)回归方法进行森林叶绿素浓度的反演,对具代表性的几种叶绿素相关的光谱指数进行反演能力评价,构造出表征叶绿素吸收特征的叶绿素吸收面积指数(CAAI),发现TCAR I(改进型的叶绿素吸收比率指数)和CAAI能较好地估测试验区森林主要树种的叶绿素浓度。针对叶片生化参量之间强相关现象,首先使用了叶片生化参量吸收特征分析方法,选定特定波段。然后对叶绿素浓度进行PLS回归估测,并从PLS获得估测模型的结果来评价和解释几种高光谱指数的叶绿素反演能力。  相似文献   

不同生态系统CO2通量和浓度特征分析研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李婧  刘树华  茅宇豪  张称意  刘立超  梁福明  辛国君  王建华 《地球物理学报》2006,49(5):1298-1307

本文利用1993～1994年日本国家农业环境研究所与中国科学院沙漠研究所合作在内蒙古奈曼地区实测的7种不同生态系统（沙丘、轻度放牧草原、中度放牧草原、重度放牧草原、无放牧草原、玉米田和大豆田）的净辐射、土壤热通量、两个高度的CO2浓度、温度、湿度和风速等资料，采用空气动力学方法，计算了CO2通量及其与环境和人为干扰因子的关系，并分析了不同下垫面的光合作用特征. 结果表明：各种下垫面CO2通量的共同特点是：在白天，CO2通量和梯度的输送方向是从大气向植被，在中午（11～13时）输送达到负的最大值； 在夜间，CO2通量和梯度输送方向与白天相反，是从植被向大气，在早晨（3～5时）达到正的最大值. 植被覆盖率及生物量不同的下垫面光合作用强度有明显差异，天气状况对光合作用也有一定影响.  相似文献   

Ground water contaminant transport by nondivergence-free, unsteady and nonstationary velocity fields     

Hakan Sirin   《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):564-572

Pore flow velocity is assumed to be a nondivergence-free, unsteady, and nonstationary random function of space and time for ground water contaminant transport in a heterogeneous medium. The laboratory-scale stochastic contaminant transport equation is up scaled to field scale by taking the ensemble average of the equation by using the cumulant expansion method. A new velocity correction, which is a function of mean pore flow velocity divergence, is obtained due to strict second order cumulant expansion (without omitting any term after the expansion). The field scale transport equations under the divergence-free pore flow velocity field assumption are also derived by simplifying the nondivergence-free field scale equation. The significance of the new velocity correction term is investigated on a two dimensional transport problem driven by a density dependent flow.  相似文献   

Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO₂ and H₂O concentrations during summer on Muztagata     

Xu Baiqing  Yao Tandong  Lu Anxin  Guo Xuejun  Liu Xianqin  Li Zhen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):18-26

Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric CO₂ and H₂O concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO₂ concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol^-1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO₂ concentrations occur between 02:30-05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00-15:30 PM. The atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5 μmol·mol^-1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H₂O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO₂ and H₂O concentrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO₂ concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H₂O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.  相似文献   

内蒙古东乌旗哈巴特盖银多金属矿土壤地球化学异常特征     

夏广清 《地质找矿论丛》2006,21(10):144-148

哈巴特盖测区1／5万土壤地球化学测量发现了4个异常区，多元素组合异常多分布在黑云母二长花岗岩的内、外接触带上，土壤地球化学异常特征显示本区成矿是多期次的，多元素组合异常在露头矿和盲矿上方均有出现，且异常连续、浓集中心明显，异常的强度和规模大，呈带状、宽带状或面状产出。  相似文献   

河南省内乡——淅川地区边缘成矿体系与成矿预测     

隗合明  ;覃海绍  ;焦建刚 《西安地质学院学报》2007,(1):11-14

河南内乡——淅川地区具有一完整的边缘成矿体系。应用边缘成矿理论，通过野外对该区控矿要素的实际调研和室内对比分析，提出了豫西南内乡——淅川地区边缘成矿体系的新认识。一级成矿边缘为华北板块与扬子板块边缘对接处（山阳——西峡断裂带两侧），控制了两个跨省大型成矿带的形成；二级成矿边缘为区域深大断裂边缘，控制区域成矿带形成；三级成矿带边缘为岩体边缘、次级断裂带边缘和地层交界面等，控制矿田、矿床的形成；四级成矿边缘为岩体边缘不同岩相分界面、不同岩性层间面和构造形态、产状变化处。不同边缘交叉、叠合地段是成矿最有利地段。研究表明，边缘成矿体系的形成与地质异常事件密切相关，板块活动、区域构造、火山、岩浆侵入、沉积环境演化是边缘成矿体系形成的主导因素。根据边缘成矿规律进行了成矿预测，指出主要找矿方向和有利找矿区段（靶区）。  相似文献   

多孔介质中非均匀流动特性的染色示踪试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王康  张仁铎  缴锡云 《水科学进展》2007,18(5):662-667

通过土壤染色剂进行的4组试验,对不同介质结构条件下的水流和溶质非均匀运动规律,非均匀流动变异信息分布特征关系以及全局性非均匀流动示踪方法进行了研究。结果表明,即使在相对比较均匀的介质条件下,流动也表现出明显的非均匀特性;对数正态分布能够较好的反映水流的运动分布模式,相比水流运动,溶质的运动和分布规律明显不同,表现出更多的不确定性和变异性。  相似文献