Effects of afforestation on carbon storage in Boyang Lake Basin, China     

Dan Wu  Quanqin Shao  Jia Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):647-654

By using field survey data from the sixth forest inventory of Jiangxi Province in 2003, the biomass and carbon storage for three studied species （Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Pinus elliottii） were estimated in Taihe and Xingguo counties of Boyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province, China. The relationship between carbon density and forest age was analyzed by logistic equations. Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest biomass and carbon storage in 1985-2003 were also described. The results show that total stand area of the three forest species was 3.10 × 10^5 ha, total biomass 22.20 Tg, vegetation carbon storage 13.07 Tg C, and average carbon density 42.36 Mg C/ha in the study area in 2003. Carbon storage by forest type in descending order was： P. massoniana, C. lanceolata and P. elliottii. Carbon storage by forest age group in descending order was： middle stand, young stand, near-mature stand and mature stand. Carbon storage by plantation forests was 1.89 times higher than that by natural forests. Carbon density of the three species increased 8.58 Mg C/ha during the study period. The carbon density of Taihe County was higher in the east and west, and lower in the middle. The carbon density of Xingguo County was higher in the northeast and lower in the middle. In general, the carbon density increased with altitude and gradient. Afforestation projects contribute significantly to increasing stand area and carbon storage. Appropriate forest management may improve the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

基于SCTP-RF算法的甘肃省短期定量降水客观预报方法研究     

刘娜  黄武斌  杨建才  王基鑫  王一丞  张君霞 《干旱气象》2022,40(1):146-155

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的精细化数值预报产品、中国气象局下发的降水指导产品(TP_CMA)及甘肃省340个气象站点降水实况数据,利用泰森多边形与K-means空间聚类方法(spatial cluster and Tyson polygon, SCTP),对2017—2019年4—9月甘肃省340站降水资料进行客观分区。在此基础上,采用随机森林算法(random forest, RF),筛选出与降水相关的物理量因子构建模型,开展甘肃省短期定量降水客观预报订正试验,并进行预报效果检验。结果表明：(1)甘肃省4—9月降水客观分区依次为7、6、14、13、14和11个。(2)就晴雨预报而言,SCTP-RF订正产品对甘肃省汛期的晴雨预报能力较TP_CMA指导产品和ECMWF模式产品有一定提升,提升幅度分别为6.1%、4.2%;在空间上,SCTP-RF算法对甘肃省340站的晴雨预报均具有一定的订正能力,大部分站点晴雨预报准确率提升了5%,特别是河东地区。(3)在分级降水预报中,SCTP-RF订正产品对中雨和大雨的预报能力均优于TP_C<...  相似文献   

应用迁移学习的林火烈度初始评估研究     

郑忠  Jinfei Wang  邹滨  高阳华  杨世琦  王永前 《遥感学报》2022,26(10):2001-2013

林火发生后,开展森林生态系统烈度信息的初始评估,能够为灾后生态修复管理措施的快速实施提供定量依据。为了改善传统林火烈度评估模型的时效性,本研究利用历史过火区域的实地调查数据,构建基于迁移学习的烈度评估模型,并将其应用于2020年3月30日发生的西昌泸山森林大火烈度初始评估研究中。研究结果表明：迁移学习算法能够将源区域和目标区域的遥感影像光谱转换为多个新的特征变量,在这些新特征变量构成的投影空间中,源区域和目标区域样本具有相似的特征分布。在此基础上,基于源区域历史实地调查数据构建的烈度评估模型,能够迁移应用于目标区域的烈度评估。在本研究林火烈度的初始评估中,基于迁移学习的烈度评估模型精度较高,总体精度为71.20%,Kappa系数为0.64。与该模型对比,未进行迁移学习的支持向量回归模型精度较低,其总体精度为58.00%,Kappa系数为0.48。同时,基于dNDVI、dLST和dNBR指数的经验回归模型精度最低,其总体精度分别为：20.80%、34.8%和24.80%,Kappa系数分别为：0.01、0.19和0.06。本研究可为林火灾后管理措施的快速响应,提供一种新的思路和参考。  相似文献   

Snow disappearance timing is dominated by forest effects on snow accumulation in warm winter climates of the Pacific Northwest,United States          下载免费PDF全文

Susan E. Dickerson‐Lange  Rolf F. Gersonde  Jason A. Hubbart  Timothy E. Link  Anne W. Nolin  Gwyneth H. Perry  Travis R. Roth  Nicholas E. Wayand  Jessica D. Lundquist 《水文研究》2017,31(10):1846-1862

Forests modify snow processes and affect snow water storage as well as snow disappearance timing. However, forest influences on snow accumulation and ablation vary with climate and topography and are therefore subject to temporal and spatial variability. We utilize multiple years of snow observations from across the Pacific Northwest, United States, to assess forest–snow interactions in the relatively warm winter conditions characteristic of maritime and transitional maritime–continental climates. We (a) quantify the difference in snow magnitude and disappearance timing between forests and open areas and (b) assess how forest modifications of snow accumulation and ablation combine to determine whether snow disappears later in the forest or in the open. We find that snow disappearance timing at 12 (out of 14) sites ranges from synchronous in the forest and open to snow persisting up to 13 weeks longer in the open relative to a forested area. By analyzing accumulation and ablation rates up to the day when snow first disappears from the forest, we find that the difference between accumulation rates in the open and forest is larger than the difference between ablation rates. Thus, canopy snow interception and subsequent loss, rather than ablation, set up longer snow duration in the open. However, at two relatively windy sites (hourly average wind speeds up to 8 and 17 m/s), differential snow disappearance timing is reversed: Snow persists 2–5 weeks longer in the forest. At the windiest sites, accumulation rates in the forest and open are similar. Ablation rates are higher in the open, but the difference between ablation rates in the forest and open at these sites is approximately equivalent to the difference at less windy sites. Thus, longer snow retention in the forest at the windiest sites is controlled by depositional differences rather than by reduced ablation rates. These findings suggest that improved quantification of forest effects on snow accumulation processes is needed to accurately predict the effect of forest management or natural disturbance on snow water resources.  相似文献   

Influence of forest and shrub canopies on precipitation partitioning and isotopic signatures          下载免费PDF全文

Chris Soulsby  Hannah Braun  Matthias Sprenger  Markus Weiler  Doerthe Tetzlaff 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4282-4296

Over a 4‐month summer period, we monitored how forest (Pinus sylvestris ) and heather moorland (Calluna spp. and Erica spp.) vegetation canopies altered the volume and isotopic composition of net precipitation (NP) in a southern boreal landscape in northern Scotland. During that summer period, interception losses were relatively high and higher under forests compared to moorland (46% of gross rainfall [GR] compared with 35%, respectively). Throughfall (TF) volumes exhibited marked spatial variability in forests, depending upon local canopy density, but were more evenly distributed under heather moorland. In the forest stands, stemflow was a relatively small canopy flow path accounting for only 0.9–1.6% of NP and only substantial in larger events. Overall, the isotopic composition of NP was not markedly affected by canopy interactions; temporal variation of stable water isotopes in TF closely corresponded to that of GR with differences of TF‐GR being ?0.52‰ for δ²H and ?0.14‰ for δ¹⁸O for forests and 0.29‰ for δ²H and ?0.04‰ for δ¹⁸O for heather moorland. These differences were close to, or within, analytical precision of isotope determination, though the greater differences under forest were statistically significant. Evidence for evaporative fractionation was generally restricted to low rainfall volumes in low intensity events, though at times, subtle effects of liquid–vapour moisture exchange and/or selective transmission though canopies were evident. Fractionation and other effects were more evident in stemflow but only marked in smaller events. The study confirmed earlier work that increased forest cover in the Scottish Highlands will likely cause an increase in interception and green water fluxes at the expenses of blue water fluxes to streams. However, the low‐energy, humid environment means that isotopic changes during such interactions will only have a minor overall effect on the isotopic composition of NP.  相似文献   

The effects of forest litter on snow energy budget in the Tianshan Mountains,China          下载免费PDF全文

Heng Lu  Ming‐Zhe Liu  Xi Han 《水文研究》2017,31(8):1602-1612

Forest litter exerts an impact on the energy budget of snow surfaces, which lie beneath forest canopies. In this study, we measured shortwave and longwave radiation levels, as well as quantities of Asian spruce (Picea schrenkinan ) forest litter, over 3 snow study plots that representing an open environment, 20% forest canopy openness (20% FCO), and 80% forest canopy openness (80% FCO). The fractional litter coverage (lc ) was obtained through the binarization of digital photographs of forest litter. The effects of forest litter on snow surface albedo (α ), snow surface temperature (T _s ), upward shortwave and longwave radiation (K _↑ and L _↑), and sensible heat flux (H ) were then analyzed. According to our results, the energy budget over snow surface influenced by forest litter principally due to forest litter forcing α decrease and T _s increase. The effects of forest litter on the energy budget increased with time and lc . We found that forest litter exerted the most significant impact on K _↑ and L _↑ at daytime during the latter stages of the snowmelt period. The influence of forest litter on H was more apparent on windy days. The presence of forest litter increased gains in shortwave radiation and losses in longwave radiation and decreased gains in H . Compared to the simulated energy (K _↑ + L _↑ + H ) over a snow surface without litter, the calculated energy decreased by ?13.4 W/m² and increased by 9.0 W/m², respectively, at the 20% FCO and 80% FCO sites during the latter stages of the snowmelt period. Overall, forest litter facilitated snow surface energy gains at the 80% FCO site and impeded them at the 20% FCO site during the latter stages of the snowmelt period.  相似文献   

Landslide detection using probability regression,a case study of Wenchuan,northwest of Chengdu     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Landslides have become one of the dominant disasters all around the world. Reliable and efficient landslide mapping is playing a significant role in landslide studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is little research on detecting multiple landslides simultaneously from images to stimulate practical cases. In this work, we propose a regression model to detect landslides and investigate its applicability in practical cases. It synthesizes contextual, spectral and geometric features. Among the test images, F-measure of landslide detection has a range between 0.771 and 0.998, validating its robustness and high efficiency.  相似文献   

How much water do Chilean forests use? A review of interception losses in forest plot studies          下载免费PDF全文

Sylvia Soto‐Schönherr  Andrés Iroumé 《水文研究》2016,30(25):4674-4686

After several years of decreased annual rainfall and water shortages, the Chilean society is demanding that forest plantations take accountability of their role in consuming scarce water resources. Evidence has shown that interception losses are considerable when determining water production in watersheds. The aim of this study was to determine if site and stand variables explain interception losses by Chilean forests for the development of an empirical model that could predict the potential impacts of forest management practices and land‐use change. A total of 127 data from annual water balance plot studies in Chile were compiled to derive relationships between interception and precipitation, species composition, plantation age and other stand and site variables. The reviewed data indicated that annual interception losses are mainly explained by annual rainfall and basal area of the forest stands, with a clear difference between the northern (dryer) and southern (wetter) regions of Chile. For a wide latitudinal gradient, forest composition and age, annual interception accounted for approximately 21% of incoming precipitations. Broadleaved forest stands (including native broadleaved and eucalypt forests) generally presented higher interception losses than conifers. Interception was higher in northern zones, indicating that forests have greater impacts on water resources in dryer regions. Our results were compiled in empirical models, which can be used to estimate forest interception in a latitudinal gradient in Chile and to support policy making. These results are also proposed as an approximate analogue of the changes in forest interception losses, which may occur as vegetation belts shift latitudinally as a result of the impact of climate change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A weighing lysimeter in a regenerating eucalypt forest: Design,construction, and performance     

W. Reyenga  F. X. Dunin  B. C. Bautovich  C. R. Rath  L. B. Hulse 《水文研究》1988,2(4):301-314

A 36 tonne monolithic weighing lysimeter (3.7 m diameter and 1.5 m deep) was installed in Kioloa State Forest near Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia, to provide a continuous record of water use from a regenerating natural eucaplyt community, five years old at installation. The resolution is equivalent to 0.05 mm of evaporation and provides hourly information for diurnal variation of forest evaporation. The sensitivity of 14 ppm compares favourably with those reported for other lysimeters, similar in magnitude, in the U.S.A. Design criteria for selecting, isolating and suspending a sample community ‘in situ’ with an electro-mechanical balance are outlined. Procedures adopted during installation are described with emphasis placed on precautions taken to minimize disturbance and to avert possible changes in character of the isolated natural community. Lysimeter performance was assessed both in terms of its accuracy and its operation as a remote facility with infrequent attention.  相似文献   

Fog precipitation in the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve,Guatemala     

Curtis D. Holder 《水文研究》2003,17(10):2001-2010

Fog precipitation occurs when fog droplets are filtered by the forest canopy and coalesce on the vegetative surfaces to form larger water droplets that drip to the forest floor. This study examines the quantity of throughfall compared with incident precipitation produced by the canopy of a lower montane rain forest (2100 m) and an upper montane cloud forest (2550 m) in the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. Fog precipitation was measured with throughfall and precipitation gauges from 23 July 1995 to 7 June 1996. Fog precipitation occurred during sampling periods when throughfall exceeded incident precipitation. Fog precipitation contributed <1% of total water inputs in the cloud forest at 2100 m during the 44‐week period, whereas fog precipitation contributed 7·4% at 2550 m during the same period. The depth equivalent of fog precipitation was greater at 2550 m (203·4 mm) than at 2100 m (23·4 mm). The calculation of fog precipitation in this study is underestimated. The degree of underestimation may be evident in the difference in apparent rainfall interception between 2100 m (35%) and 2550 m (4%). Because the apparent interception rate at 2550 m is significantly lower than 2100 m, the canopy probably is saturated for longer periods as a result of cloud water contributions. Data show a seasonal pattern of fog precipitation most evident at the 2550 m site. Fog precipitation represented a larger proportion of total water inputs during the dry season (November to May). Because cloud forests generate greater than 1 mm day^?1 of fog precipitation in higher elevations of the Sierra de las Minas, the conservation of the cloud forest may be important to meet the water demands of a growing population in the surrounding arid lowlands. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献