五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

宦海琳  韩岚  李建宏  翁永萍 《湖泊科学》2006,18(2):184-188

有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种．  相似文献   

三峡小江回水区段2007年春季水华与营养盐特征   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：14  

李哲  方芳  郭劲松  陈杰  张超  田光 《湖泊科学》2009,21(1):36-44

2007年5月中下旬,三峡水库小江回水区发生水华,主要分布在高阳平湖、黄石代李子和双江大桥三处,对水华期间浮游植物群落特点和水环境特征的分析发现蓝藻占主导,约为浮游植物生物量的81.43%,优势藻种为水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae),结合水华期间总氮含量较非水华期间明显偏高且有机氮为氮素主要成份和许多蓝藻门藻种均带有异形胞的分析结果,认为此次水华是同氮型蓝藻水华,水华暴发前初春的强降雨过程导致小江回水区TP水平的普遍增加促使了TN/TP发生显著的变化,4月份较低的TN/TP水平诱使同氮型蓝藻在小江回水区迅速生长,并在5月份形成水华,水华期间生物量的增加造成水中磷酸盐浓度的降低,使得小江回水区表现出显著的磷限制特征,调查认为:高阳平湖段可能是小江回水区蓝藻水华的发源地,蓝藻生物体随流漂移至下游黄石代李子处并逐渐聚集,形成自岸边缓流带向河道中心逐渐延伸的肉眼可见的蓝藻生物聚集体,从而使得黄石代李子处具有最高的生物量和叶绿素值,而双江大桥处,则主要是由于河道过水断面的放大导致流速的降低,同时沿岸云阳县县城的排污使得这一河段的营养负荷相对提高,从而为上游随流漂移下来的蓝藻提供了较佳的生长环境.  相似文献   

太湖藻源性颗粒物分解过程中氨基酸的变化特征     

刘颢  汤祥明  高光  冯胜  邵克强  胡洋 《湖泊科学》2017,29(1):95-104

在实验条件下研究了高浓度蓝藻堆积后水体中的藻源性颗粒物中氨基酸的分解速率、分解量和氨基酸态氮形态的变化情况.在自然光照组中,颗粒态氨基酸(PAA)的浓度从实验前的0.46 mmol/L降至实验后的0.30 mmol/L;而在无光分解组中PAA从0.44 mmol/L降至0.06 mmol/L.两种处理下PAA的降解速率常数分别为0.03916和0.17424 d~(-1).溶解态氨基酸(DAA)在分解过程中浓度比较低,随时间的变化表现出先增大后减小的趋势,在两种不同的处理下,最大值分别为10.94和7.94μmol/L,21 d后减小到与实验开始时持平,甚至低于初始值.实验初期,PAA所占比例高达74%~80%,但迅速被分解转化为DAA和铵态氮(NH_4~+-N),随着实验的进行NH_4~+-N又逐渐转化为硝态氮,其中无光分解组中的分解更为彻底,而自然光照组中PAA分解量小于无光分解组.实验结果表明,氨基酸作为水体中浮游植物的潜在氮源,可以被分解为水华过程中藻类所需的NH_4~+-N,对水华的维持具有一定的促进作用.  相似文献   

淡水蓝藻胶被生物学功能及其分子调控研究进展     

程豫然  肖艳  吴兴华  李哲 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1018-1030

胶被是蓝藻细胞外部的功能性结构,在蓝藻形态适应性策略中发挥重要作用,影响蓝藻水华发生及其优势维持.近年来,对蓝藻胶被的特性、结构组分、影响因子、及其工业应用等方面已有较为丰富且清晰的科学认识.但对胶被生物学功能及相关分子调控机制的研究却相对较少.本文对淡水蓝藻胶被的产生、生物学功能及其分子调控机制进行了综述,总结了胶被4个方面生物学功能:1)保护屏障抵御外界胁迫;2)参与营养物质的传递、吸收和储存:3)参与运动迁移过程;4)促进蓝藻聚集和水华形成;结合近年来分子生物学前沿技术的应用,本文分析蓝藻胶被合成的分子生物学研究现状;探讨蓝藻响应外界不同环境的胶被分子调控机制,并对蓝藻胶被的未来研究热点进行了展望.  相似文献   

基于FAI方法的洱海蓝藻水华遥感监测     

张娇  陈莉琼  陈晓玲 《湖泊科学》2016,28(4):718-725

利用1999 2014年Landsat卫星遥感影像数据,采用浮游藻类指数(FAI)方法识别、提取洱海蓝藻水华信息,进而获取蓝藻水华时空分布数据,为进一步分析洱海蓝藻水华发生规律及监测预警提供参考.结果表明:1999 2014年洱海夏、秋季多次发生蓝藻水华,以小型水华为主(水华面积在10 km~2以内),大型水华现象主要发生在2003、2006、2013年,其中2006年水华面积最大,达到42 km~2.除近岸湖湾区域容易产生蓝藻堆积外,洱海蓝藻大型水华主要发生在洱海北部和中部区域,南部发生频次较少.近岸区域蓝藻堆积从春季开始,中心水域水华发生在夏末和秋季(8 11月),其中大型水华集中发生在10月左右.  相似文献   

蓝藻生消对巢湖沉积物phoD碱性磷酸酶基因细菌群落结构的影响     

孙婷婷  黄涛  刘雨昕  孙庆业 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):1854-1865

phoD基因编码的碱性磷酸酶驱动沉积物有机磷矿化并释放生物可利用磷,促进了富营养化湖泊蓝藻的生长与暴发,但对富营养化湖泊蓝藻生消周期phoD基因细菌群落动态变化的认识依然有限.本文研究了中国典型富营养化湖泊巢湖蓝藻生消过程沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性（APA）、phoD基因细菌多样性和群落结构的动态变化及其与环境的关系.结果显示：巢湖沉积物APA活性在蓝藻生长与暴发阶段显著升高,且与水温、pH、溶解氧（DO）等环境因子显著相关.蓝藻生消各阶段沉积物phoD基因细菌群落的优势菌属均由Pseudonocardia和Friedmanniella构成;与蓝藻潜伏期和衰亡期相比,生长初期与暴发期大多数样点沉积物Pseudonocardia的丰度显著降低而Friedmanniella显著升高.携带phoD基因的菌属丰度呈显著的时空变化,其中菌属丰度的空间异质性较高.蓝藻生长初期与暴发期的phoD基因细菌群落的Ace指数与Shannon多样性指数显著大于潜伏期与衰亡期.研究表明,携带phoD基因细菌群落结构的变化主要受APA、DO、叶绿素a、水温、总磷以及无机磷的驱动;春季蓝藻的生长消耗大量上覆水溶解性无机磷,激发了沉积物APA活性并诱发Friedmanniella生长从而缓解水体磷限制.  相似文献   

Decolonisation without independence     

A.J. Christopher 《GeoJournal》2002,56(3):213-224

The massive decolonisation of the post World War II era resulted in a new political map of the world. The great majority of the new independent states were essentially coincident with the former administrative colonies. However, in a quarter of cases the ending of colonial status did not result in the emergence of a sovereign state. The colonial powers sought to reduce the number of small and potentially weak states by various mechanisms. Thus colonial mergers took place between administrative units within the same empire, and only occasionally between units in different empires. Some dependencies were absorbed by more powerful neighbours and others incorporated into the political structure of the metropolitan power. Prior to 1960, in terms of population and size, the colonies which failed to achieve statehood at independence were substantially smaller than those which did. Thereafter there was little to distinguish them. The legacy of the merged colonies has ranged from successful secessionist movements to integrated states. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

蓝细菌繁荣滋养的苗岭世光养碳酸盐岩工厂:以安徽寿县卧龙山剖面崮山组为例     

梅冥相 《地质学报》2021,95(12):3571-3591

描述、界定和解释无穷多样的碳酸盐岩始终是一个谜团,因为许多复杂的问题只有推测性的答案.碳酸盐生产作用体系形象化地定义为碳酸盐岩工厂,最原始的定义是指小于15 m深的清澈浅水环境,因为这是绝大多数碳酸盐生产者的聚居地;后来,基于能量来源,对海相碳酸盐岩工厂提出了一个富有智慧的双重划分,即光养工厂和异养工厂.随着对碳酸盐沉淀作用样式的深入了解,产生了浅海碳酸盐岩工厂或生产作用体系的三重划分,而且被进一步形象化地简称为:①T-工厂,T源于热带或水柱顶部的涵义;②C-工厂,C代表着冷水或受到控制的沉淀作用;③M-工厂,在这里M意味着微生物、泥晶和泥丘.寒武纪苗岭世浅水碳酸盐岩工厂,具有以下两个方面的特殊性:首先是光养的,其次是微生物的(蓝细菌繁荣所滋养的),因此可以识别出两个特别的工厂,即光合作用生物膜诱发的放射鲕粒主导的光养T工厂、以及占据着T-工厂位置的蓝细菌微生物席建造的微生物礁主导的光养-M工厂.安徽寿县卧龙山剖面的寒武系苗岭统崮山组,从凝缩段的陆棚相泥岩变浅至强迫型海退体系域浅缓坡相鲕粒滩相灰岩和均一石主导的微生物礁灰岩,形成一个淹没不整合面所限定的三级层序.一个从微生物放射鲕粒滩到均一石主导的微生物礁的沉积序列,组成了该层序的强迫型海退体系域.下部的放射鲕粒主导的鲕粒滩相灰岩,在鲕粒核心、鲕粒皮层以及鲕粒间的泥晶团块或凝块之中,表现出高密度保存的而且较为肯定地类比于现代织线菌的丝状葛万菌化石,表明了光合作用生物膜诱发了放射鲕粒皮层的放射纤维状方解石的沉淀作用,所以不能理解为非生物成因的沉淀物,从而进一步表明鲕粒滩相灰岩代表着一个特别的光养-T工厂;覆盖在鲕粒滩相灰岩之上的均一石主导的微生物礁,也发育着高密度保存而且占据着超过一半体积或面积的丝状葛万菌,从而代表着一个占据着T-工厂位置的特别的光养M-工厂.因此,一个特别的从光养T-工厂到光养M-工厂的演变序列,发育在寒武纪苗岭世较高的大气圈二氧化碳和氧气含量之下的蓝细菌繁荣的方解石海之中.这些现象和重要发现,为进一步了解寒武纪时期与生物矿化作用得到进化的寒武纪后生动物大爆发相重合、以及与蓝细菌繁荣相关联的有机矿化作用产生的光养微生物碳酸盐岩工厂,提供了一个较为罕见的实例.  相似文献   

Authigenic replacement of cyanobacterially precipitated calcium carbonate by aluminium‐silicates in giant microbialites of Lake Van (Turkey)     

Barbara Kremer  Jzef Ka mierczak  Stephan Kempe 《Sedimentology》2019,66(1):285-304

Studies of modern cyanobacterial mats and biofilms show that they can precipitate minerals as a consequence of metabolic and degradational activities paired with ambient hydrochemical conditions. This study looked at modern microbial mats forming giant, tower‐like, groundwater‐fed, calcareous microbialites in the world's largest, highly alkaline lake; Van Gölü (Lake Van), East Turkey. Results show that microbial systems play a role not only in carbonate precipitation but also in the formation of siliceous mineral phases. Transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and spectral observations revealed that, within the extracellular polymeric substances excreted by the mats abundant minute aragonite grains precipitated first in vivo. These minute grains were quickly succeeded and/or supplemented in the dead biomass of the cyanobacterial mat by authigenic Al–Mg–Fe siliceous phases. Silicon dioxide is available in large concentrations in the highly alkaline water of Lake Van. Divalent cations (Ca and Mg) are delivered to the microbialites mostly by groundwater springs. The precipitation of the fine‐grained siliceous phases is probably mediated by bacteria degrading the cyanobacterial biomass and complexing the excessive cations with their extracellular polymeric envelopes. The bacteria serve as nucleation centres for the subsequent precipitation of siliceous mineral phases. Generally, the biphasic (calcareous and siliceous) mineralization – characterizing Lake Van microbialites – is controlled by their interior highly dynamic hydrogeochemical situation. There, the dramatically different alkaline lake water and the Ca–Mg‐charged groundwater mix at various rates. The early diagenetic replacement of the in vivo aragonite by authigenic siliceous phases significantly increases the fossilization potential of the mat‐forming cyanobacteria. Lake Van and its giant microbialite tufa towers act as a model explaining the transformation of early diagenetic mineral phases observed in many modern and ancient carbonate marine deposits, particularly those influenced by diffusion of silica‐enriched and metal‐enriched pore waters from below the water–sediment interface.  相似文献   

Trophic efficiency of the planktonic food web in a coastal ecosystem dominated by Phaeocystis colonies     

V. Rousseau  S. Becquevort  J. -Y. Parent  S. Gasparini  M. -H. Daro  M. Tackx  C. Lancelot 《Journal of Sea Research》2000,43(3-4)

The trophic efficiency of the planktonic food web in the Phaeocystis-dominated ecosystem of the Belgian coastal waters was inferred from the analysis of the carbon flow network of the planktonic system subdivided into its different trophodynamic groups. A carbon budget was constructed on the basis of process-level field experiments conducted during the spring bloom period of 1998. Biomass and major metabolic activities of auto- and heterotrophic planktonic communities (primary production, bacterial production, nanoproto-, micro- and mesozooplankton feeding activities) were determined in nine field assemblages collected during spring at reference station 330. In 1998, the phytoplankton spring flowering was characterised by a moderate diatom bloom followed by a massive Phaeocystis colony bloom. Phaeocystis colonies, contributing 70% to the net primary production, escaped the linear food chain while the early spring diatom production supplied 74% of the mesozooplankton carbon uptake. The rest of mesozooplankton food requirement was, at the time of the Phaeocystis colony bloom, partially fulfilled by microzooplankton. Only one-third of the microzooplankton production, however, was controlled by mesozooplankton grazing pressure. Ungrazed Phaeocystis colonies were stimulating the establishment of a very active microbial network. On the one hand, the release of free-living cells from ungrazed colonies has been shown to stimulate the growth of microzooplankton, which was controlling 97% of the nanophytoplankton production. On the other hand, the disruption of ungrazed Phaeocystis colonies supplied the water column with large amounts of dissolved organic matter available for planktonic bacteria. The budget calculation suggests that ungrazed colonies contributed up to 60% to the bacterial carbon demand, while alternative sources (exudation, zooplankton egestion and lysis of other organisms) provided some 30% of bacterial carbon requirements. This suggests that the spring carbon demand of planktonic bacteria was satisfied largely by autogenic production. The trophic efficiency was defined as the ratio between mesozooplankton grazing on a given source and food production. In spite of its major contribution to mesozooplankton feeding, the trophic efficiency of the linear food chain, restricted to the grazing on diatoms, represented only 5.6% of the available net primary production. The trophic efficiency of the microbial food chain, the ratio between mesozooplankton grazing on microzooplankton and the resource inflow (the bacterial carbon demand plus the nanophytoplankton production) amounted to only 1.6%. These low trophic efficiencies together with the potential contribution of ungrazed Phaeocystis-derived production to the bacterial carbon demand suggest that during spring 1998 most of the Phaeocystis-derived production in the Belgian coastal area was remineralised in the water column.  相似文献