人防警报系统的雷击隐患分析与对策     

张再杰 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(2):136-140

人防建设是国家的一项重要战备工程,人防警报系统是人防系统的神经和耳目,是《人民防空法》对城市建设和管理的必须要求,战时用于人民防空,组织人员疏散时的告知手段,平时兼负着防洪、防震、防台风等抗灾救灾、旅游景区游客疏散和突发事故情况下的灾情预警和紧急报知,保障人民的生命财产安全,减小突发事件造成的损失。由于多安装在既有建筑物中的人防警报系统不能被原有防雷装置完全保护,因此人防警报系统遭到雷击频率比其他行业的高。通过调查人防警报系统遭受雷击现场,分析了雷击事故原因,剖析出5种雷击危害和遭受雷击的途径,揭示了人防警报系统存在的5种雷击安全隐患,并针对人防警报系统特点提出了全方位的雷电防护措施。  相似文献   

大连地区闪电活动时空特征分析及雷击风险度综合指数预测研究     

陈宇  王蕾  杨超  张莹 《气象科学》2017,37(6):832-838

本文利用辽宁省大连市2007年1月—2011年12月连续5 a的闪电监测数据,分析了大连地区闪电频数和强度的时空分布特征,并基于雷电频次和强度构建雷电危险度综合指数预测模型。研究结果表明,大连地区闪电高发期集中在6—8月,该段时间内闪电数超过全年闪电总数的80%;6、7月雷电明显集中于午后和夜间,而从8月开始雷电发生时间向凌晨时段集中,午后明显减少,夜间闪电次数略高于白天。大连地区大部分区域的平均雷击密度值低于10次·km-2,两个极大值中心位于长海县和普兰店市;大连地区大部分区域的平均雷击强度值介于5~30 k A之间,平均雷击强度的极大值中心位于主城区、金州区、瓦房店市西部及庄河市东部,最大可达98 k A。本文依据模糊函数法综合闪电频次与雷击电流,构造雷电危险度综合指数预测模型,并以2011年4月14日雷击灾害为例,预报雷电危险度等级为4级。该模型可对大连地区的雷电危险度等级进行预测并发布预警,更加直观、方便、高效地为公众提供气象服务信息。  相似文献   

Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the North Island of New Zealand: slip partitioning at an oblique active margin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Terry H. Webb  & Helen Anderson 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,134(1):40-86

  相似文献   

转换—伸展型盆地   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张俊霞 《地质科技情报》1998,17(3):19-23

介绍了转换－伸展型盆地的基本特征,并讨论了其发育机制,走滑带的盆地,特别是一些大型的沉积盆地,具有显著的不对称结构,其一例为陡倾的走滑断层,另一侧为与之近于平行的缓倾的正断层,表明盆地的发育受走滑作用及垂直走滑断层的拉伸双重机制控制。  相似文献   

地震共中心点道集的滑动基准面静校正和动校正叠加理论模型计算和分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘江平  钱绍瑚  张素新 《物探与化探》1998,22(1):27-33

本文通过对两个典型地形起伏的四个水平界面理论地质模型的计算和分析,进一步阐明了在复杂地形条件下用常规水平基准面静、动校正方法进行反射波法多次覆盖,不仅达不到较为理想的多次覆盖的目的,反而使之同相轴发生畸变并产生假的同相轴特征的主要原因及该方法所存在的问题;证明了滑动基准面静、动校正叠加方法在复杂地形地区从事地震反射波法多次覆盖技术勘探的有效性、实用性和可操作性。  相似文献   

岩石破碎理论中滑移线场的构造     

殷绥域 《地球科学》1990,15(2):221-228

  相似文献   

Stress Variation Model of Bond Stress-Slip Relationship Between Steel Bar and Concrete     

Song Yupu Zhao Guofan Doctor  Professor  Dalian University of Technology  Dalian Professor  Dalian University of Technology  Dalian 《中国海洋工程》1994,(1)

Based on the experimental data, a stress variation model of the bond stress-slip relationship between steel bar and concrete is established. The characteristic of the model is that the boundary conditions are satisfied very well; the effects of the material properties, the concrete cover, the crack spacing and the distance from the cracked cross section are considered. Good agreement between measured and calculated bond stress-slip relationship is found. This model is useful for the study of the stiffness, deformation and crack width of reinforced concrete members, and for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures by the finite element method.  相似文献   

Revisiting Late Quaternary Slip-rate along the Maqu Segment of the Eastern Kunlun Fault,Northeast Tibet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Jian  ZHANG Yueqiao  LI Hailong  XIONG Jinhong  LI Jianhua  WU Tairan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):486-502

The Late Quaternary slip rate along the Maqu segment of the eastern Kunlun Fault was estimated using a combination of high-resolution remote sensing imagery interpretation, field observations and differential Global Positioning System(GPS) measurements of offset river terraces, and 14 C dating of snail shells collected from offset risers. The results show that the left-slip rate along the segment is 3–5 mm/a, and that the vertical slip rate is 0.3–0.5 mm/a. Both the horizontal and vertical slips on the segment remain consistent over a distance of ~100 km. It means that no slip gradient as previously suggested occurred along the Maqu segment, and which thus might behave as an independent seismogenic fault. Judging from multiple relationships among young terrace offsets, we infer that co-seismic surface rupture produced by a characteristic earthquake with a magnitude of Ms7.0–7.5 on the Maqu fault could generate a horizontal slip of 4.5–5 m and a vertical slip of 0.45–0.5 m, with a corresponding ratio(Dh/Dv) of about 9. Two surface rupture events must have occurred over the past 3300 years, the latest one possibly between 1485 cal BP and 1730 cal BP.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary Slip-rates and Slip Partitioning on the Southeastern Xianshuihe Fault System,Eastern Tibetan Plateau     

CHEN Guihu  XU Xiwei  WEN Xueze  CHEN Yue-Gau 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):537-554

Quantitative analysis of the kinematics of the active faults distributed around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is critical to understand current tectonic processes of the plateau. Chronological analysis, based on the comparison among regional climate and geomorphology, digital photogrammetry, offset landforms, and the tectonics were adopted in this study on the Xianshuihe fault in the eastern Tibetan plateau. Two or more offset-age data were obtained for each segment of the Xianshuihe and the Yunongxi faults. The offset landforms, including river terrace, alluvial fan and glacial moraine, provide constraints for the late Quaternary slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault. The left-lateral strike slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault decreases from 17 mm/a on the northwest segment to 9.3 mm/a on the southeast segment. Regarding the Xianshuihe fault zone and its adjacent blocks as a regional tectonic system, vector analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the longitudinal kinematical transformation and transversal slip partitioning on the fault zone in terms of the kinematical parameters of the main faults within the zone. The results show that there is a distributed vertical uplift at a rate of 6.1 mm/yr caused by shortening across the Gongga Mountains region. Based on these results, we established a model of the slip partitioning for the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone.  相似文献   

基于向-位错模型的同震断层运动反演——以龙门山断层为例     

张永志  张本平  王卫东  王帅 《地球学报》2016,37(3):294-300

针对2008年发生汶川8.0级地震的龙门山断裂铲状分布和断层倾滑面倾角随深度变化特点,本文提出了描述龙门山断层同震运动(滑动和转动)的向-位错组合模型。结合地质数据采用回归分析法模拟了断层在倾滑过程中断层面倾滑方向随断层深度的分布特征;利用四川地区实测的三维同震GPS数据结合粒子群算法,采用向-位错模型对汶川地震断层面的同震滑动和随深度的方向转动(向错)进行了反演计算,并将反演的同震滑动区域和大小分布与USGS断层滑动结果进行了对比分析。理论分析和模型计算表明:(1)在汶川8.0级地震发生过程中,由于断层的倾滑面为倾角由上向下逐渐变小的曲面,断层面上的倾滑方向也随断层面法线的改变而变化,即断层面在破裂过程中存在明显的向错现象;(2)龙门山发震断层的倾滑面转动方向随深度变化为一开口向上的抛物线,震中位于转动角变化的极值点附近;(3)在断层几何参数相同的情况下,采用向-位错组合模型反演的同震滑动区域和USGS的滑动区域具有较好的一致性,滑动大小的差异主要由断层模型之间的差异、测量误差等多种因素引起。  相似文献