抗硅藻附着活性细菌的筛选、鉴定与发酵条件优化     

忻夏莹  靳翠丽  周晓见 《海洋科学》2013,37(10):90-97

从美国华盛顿州圣璜岛海域的8 种海绵样品的120 株共附生微生物中, 筛选出11 株细菌的粗提物能有效抑制硅藻附着。其中683 号菌株活性最高, 对5 种受试硅藻的平均抑制率达到98.0%。结合形态学特征和扫描电镜观察, 以及16S rDNA 序列分析, 鉴定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus。并采用正交试验对该菌株进行发酵条件优化, 结合粗提物的产量和抗硅藻附着活性进行统计学分析,确定了该菌株的最佳发酵条件是: 发酵温度25℃, pH 7.5, NaCl 浓度19.45 g/L, 蛋白胨浓度5 g/L。  相似文献   

运用数理统计方法研究东海南部陆缘晚第四纪硅藻与环境的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

支崇远  王开发  王洪根  郑玉龙  陶明华 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(3):65-72

运用因子分析、对应分析、最优分割、聚类分析等多种数理统计方法，对东海南部陆缘(闽南段)6个柱状剖面的晚第四纪沉积硅藻进行了研究，以代表性的九龙江口ZK2井柱状剖面为例加以详细分析，得出了硅藻组合所反映的生态环境，恢复了该地区的古环境演替过程，即闽南九龙江口晚第四纪以来经历了河流、河口、河口内口、河口外口、河口外缘、河口外缘或海湾、河口内口等古环境演替过程。  相似文献   

Influence of Certain Organic Substances on Growth and Colony Formation of Asterionella glacialis Castracane (Bacillariophyceae)     

Tzu-Chiu  Teng 《Marine Ecology》1984,5(4):317-327

Abstract. Organic substances are suspected to influence the unpredictable, episodic blooms which characterize the planktonic pennate diatom Asterionella glacialis in certain coastal waters. Experiments to test its general responsiveness to organic enrichments in terms of growth rate and colony formation were carried out. An axenic clone was grown at 10° C, 0.039 l min^-1,12:12 LD cycle in G uillard's f/2 medium enriched with eight different organic substances. Growth rates in organically-enriched media during exponential phase usually exceeded those in f/2 medium alone. Cell yields after 12 days in media enriched with glycyl-glycin and trypticase + yeast extract were significantly greater than in the other treatments. Longer chain lengths accompanied organic enrichment, notably with trypticase + yeast extract and 100ppm soil extract. These results suggest that Asterionella glacialis is positively responsive to elevated levels of certain organic substances. A potential effect of organic substance - trace metal - silica interactions on colony-size is suggested.  相似文献   

Diatom production in the marine environment: implications for larval fish growth and condition   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

St. John  M. A.; Clemmesen  C.; Lund  T.; Koster  T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(5):1106-1113

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冲绳海槽表层沉积硅藻对黑潮流的响应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

蓝东兆  方琦  廖连招 《台湾海峡》2002,21(1):1-5

本文报道了冲绳海槽表层沉积物中优势硅藻种的相对含量、热带远洋种和硅藻组合的分布特征 ,讨论了热带远洋种的相对含量与黑潮流、硅藻组合的分布与物质来源的关系等问题 .结果表明 ,热带远洋种的相对含量 >2 0 %的界线与黑潮流的边界基本上一致 ;优势硅藻种和硅藻组合的分布留下了与物质来源的关系较为密切的记录 .  相似文献   

Adaptive Ecology, Growth Strategies and the Global Bloom Expansion of Dinoflagellates   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Theodore J. Smayda 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):281-294

Dinoflagellates exhibit unique differences from diatoms in their adaptive ecologies that may be favoring their increasingly successful exploitation of coastal waters and global bloom expansion. Dinoflagellates behave as annual species, bloom soloists, are ecophysiologically diverse and habitat specialists, whereas diatoms behave as perennial species, guild members and are habitat cosmopolites. Diatoms have a relatively uniform bloom strategy based on species-rich pools and exhibit limited habitat specialization. Dinoflagellates have multiple life-form strategies consistent with their diverse habitat specializations, but rely on impoverished bloom species pools. Niche structure and dinoflagellate competition for niche space are considered. The “open niche period” formulated originally for Narragansett Bay is extrapolated as a general bloom paradigm. It is suggested that successful niche occupancy leading to blooms involves adaptive strategies at three heirarchic taxonomic elements: phylogenetic, generic and species-specific, and in that sequence. Transoceanic expatriation of emigrant species leading to indigenous status and blooms requires completion of a three-stage colonization process. Anthropogenic seedings are not, in themselves, bloom stimulation events; they are only the first phase of a multiple-step process. The organismal and niche features required for a hidden flora member to become a bloom species are considered, and the interplay between niche structure, habitat carrying capacity, colonization requirements and stochasticity as factors in the changing global bloom behavior of dinoflagellates discussed. The question is posed whether traditional perspectives of phytoplankton behavior apply completely to dinoflagellates. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

超声波对条斑紫菜硅藻附着症的作用          下载免费PDF全文

李金波  阎斌伦  秦松  吕作舟 《海洋科学》2007,31(12):1-3

为使条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)上附着的硅藻脱落,从超声波的生物学效应出发提出了新的思路。选择生长状态较好的附着硅藻的紫菜分别在不同的输出功率和时间下用超声波处理。结果表明,当超声波的输出功率为300 W、处理时间25 s时,可以成功地去除附着的硅藻及黏质柄,而对条斑紫菜未产生不良影响。该研究结果在条斑紫菜的加工生产上有应用与推广价值。  相似文献   

南海东北部末次冰期以来沉积环境演变     

黄元辉  蓝东兆 《海洋通报(英文版)》2007,9(1):46-54

利用南海东北部上陆坡处所取的D孔(21°23′02″N,116°47′13″E,水深405m)进行硅藻分析,结合粒度分析与碎屑矿物分析结果,探讨该海域末次冰期以来沉积环境演变过程。结果表明:粒度与硅藻分析结果较为吻合,共同显示D孔可分为上下两层,上层(0-2cm)的砂质沉积层为经冰后期海进过程改造的晚更新世残留沉积层;下层(2-130cm)主要是末次冰期形成的浅海沉积。整个柱样可反映出海洋同位素MIS4期海退至MIS3期海进与MIS2期海退至冰后期海进的沉积韵律。  相似文献   

The misrepresentation of the planktonic diatom assemblage in traps and sediments: southern Lake Malaŵi,Africa     

Kurt A. Haberyan 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1990,3(1):35-44

Sediment trap collections near Cape Maclear, Lake Malai, were compared to phytoplankton and surface sediment diatoms to assess taphonomic variations. The sedimenting diatom community became progressively different from the diatom plankton with increasing depth: long Nitzschia species were strongly under-represented in the traps (annually, 53% among planktonic diatoms vs. 14% in the offshore 29 m trap; p0.005 by Kruskal-Wallis test), while Melosira was greatly over-represented in traps (32% vs. 57%; p<0.005). The abundances of the minor taxa (Rhopalodia, Fragilaria, Cymbella, and Surirella) were greatly enhanced in traps relative to the plankton, but they were still relatively uncommon (<3% of all diatoms each). Differences in grazing, dissolution, and sinking rates alone are insufficient to account for these distortions; a combination of these, plus perhaps unknown factors, strongly influence the deposited assemblage.These misrepresentations were also present at the sediment surface. The greatest discrepancy was noted for Melosira (32% of plankton vs. 53% of sediment surface diatoms; p<0.005) and for elongate Nitzschia species (53% of plankton vs. 0.8% in sediments; p<0.005). In Lake Malai, at least, paleolimnologists must not assume a straightforward correlation of modern and fossil assemblages.  相似文献   

Variations in distributions of C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes in the diatom, Haslea ostrearia: influence of salinity     

E.J. Wraige  S.T. Belt  G. Massé  J.-M. Robert  S.J. Rowland 《Organic Geochemistry》1998,28(12):855-859

C₂₅ HBI alkenes of the diatom, Haslea ostrearia, have been examined in experiments in which the algae were cultured for up to 10 days at 14–15°C at nine different salinities (15 to 40 per mil). H. ostrearia proved to be an osmotolerant organism and growth was observed at all salinities. After 10 days growth at the lowest and highest salinities of 15 and 40 per mil, the concentrations of 2,10,14-trimethyl-6-methylene-7-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)pentadec-9-ene, which was the only HBI present in any of the samples, averaged 1.2±0.7 and 2.1±0.7 pg cell⁻¹, respectively. These were slightly lower than the HBI concentrations at 25 to 35 per mil (2.8±0.5 pg cell⁻¹). The data indicate that although salinity has an influence on HBI production in H. ostrearia, factors other than salinity are probably more important in controlling the large variations of HBI alkene concentrations and distributions found in sedimentary environments.  相似文献