珠三角丘陵山区岩溶塌陷发育特征及地质模式—以广州北部为例     

王忠忠 《地质与勘探》2023,59(6):1304-1314

岩溶塌陷是珠三角岩溶区主要的地质灾害之一。本文以广州丘陵山区为研究区,利用2016~2018年1:50 000环境地质调查成果,分析岩溶塌陷发育现状和特征,研究岩溶塌陷形成地质模式,并提出防治措施建议。结果表明：广州丘陵山区累计已发生岩溶塌陷地质灾害35处,空间分布上具有集中性和反复性特征,时间分布上具有持续性和周期性特点;岩溶塌陷均为碳酸盐岩型的小型土层塌陷,以人为因素诱发为主,自然因素诱发为次,主要危害形式为建筑损坏和农田破坏;岩溶塌陷形成地质模式主要有潜蚀效应致塌,潜蚀、失托增荷和吸蚀效应叠加致塌,潜蚀和振动效应叠加致塌和潜蚀和垂直渗压效应叠加致塌等四种;从上层决策和工程技术角度提出了岩溶塌陷防治措施,为打造广州北部生态农业区和生态公园,建设美丽宜居岭南乡村提供地质科学依据。  相似文献   

玄武岩纤维堵漏体系在高海拔非开挖钻进中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

周生伟  孙平贺  苏卫锋  周梦迪  夏余宏烨  周明明  左雷彬  王李昌 《探矿工程》2022,49(3):139-145

高海拔地区实施非开挖水平定向钻进时,裂隙发育地层的泥浆漏失不仅会影响泥浆的有效循环,还会形成大量的岩屑床,导致钻具过度磨损、摩阻异常增大、有效孔径减小等问题。针对西藏某地钻遇花岗岩裂隙,采用近景摄影测量技术对其进行量化表征,得到该区裂隙地层的缝宽<4 mm;提出采用玄武岩纤维作为裂隙封堵主剂,并建立随钻玄武岩纤维堵漏配方体系,实验结果表明：采用3、6和9 mm多级组合的玄武岩纤维堵漏效果最好,3 mm纤维复合惰性材料形成骨架结构,6和9 mm纤维可发挥一定强度的“加筋”作用。现场随钻实验结果表明：采用玄武岩纤维堵漏后,泥浆中固相含量下降幅度减少了13.14%,有效保障了长距离裂隙山体的有效、绿色、安全钻进。  相似文献   

青藏高原南部及邻区深部碳释放规模与成因     

赵文斌  郭正府  李菊景  马琳  刘嘉麒 《岩石学报》2022,38(5):1541-1556

不同构造背景下的深部碳释放通量与机制研究对于深刻理解长时间尺度的气候变化具有重要意义,以往的相关研究多集中在洋中脊、大洋俯冲带和大陆裂谷等地质单元,缺少对大陆碰撞带深部碳释放规模与机理的关注,从而制约了对大陆碰撞带深部碳循环过程及其气候环境效应的进一步认识。青藏高原起源于印度和欧亚大陆的碰撞,是研究大陆碰撞带深部碳循环的理想地区。为此,在近年来青藏高原温室气体释放野外观测与研究的基础上,本文估算了高原南部及邻区火山-地热区的CO₂释放规模并探讨了其释放模式。气体He-C同位素地球化学与温泉水热活动特征等显示,青藏高原南部及邻区的深部碳释放主要受深部岩浆房、断裂和浅部水热系统等因素的控制。依据深部流体源区和上升运移控制因素的差异,可以将青藏高原南部及邻区的深部碳释放划分为三大类：(1)以壳内水热系统脱碳为主的藏南地区;(2)深大断裂控制的以水热系统脱碳为主的川西地区;(3)深部岩浆房和浅部水热系统共同控制的滇西南地区。青藏高原南部土壤微渗漏CO₂释放通量介于18.7～52.3Mt/yr之间,温泉溶解无机碳释放通量约为0.13Mt/yr;高原邻区...  相似文献   

天津滨海地区土壤剖面盐渍化特征及其影响因素   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王卫星  李攻科  侯佳渝  刘永涛 《物探与化探》2015,(1):172-179

土壤盐渍化是由自然或人类活动引起的一种环境风险,对工农业生产具有重要影响。本次研究在天津滨海地区布置了6条具有代表性的土壤盐渍化剖面,选取其中4个剖面进行了为期两年的按月采样监测。研究发现,除了BHY6土壤剖面由于长年耕种,表现为平衡型土壤剖面形态之外,其余基本表现为底聚型土壤盐渍化剖面形态;从剖面中下部直到底部浅层地下水位附近,土壤中阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-或Cl-+HCO-3为主,尤其在浅层地下水矿化度显著偏高(达盐水程度)的地区,土壤中Na+、Cl-所占比例具有绝对优势,具有滨海盐土的基本发生特征;气候因素、浅层地下水矿化度及埋深、表层土壤植被都是滨海地区土壤盐渍化的重要影响因素。表层土壤表现出春季积盐、夏季脱盐、秋冬季缓慢积盐的特征,浅层地下水矿化度越高、埋深越浅,其土壤剖面含盐量越高;果林地和长期耕种的土地可以降低土壤盐分的活性,有效抑制盐分的累积,降低滨海地区土壤盐渍化程度,保护和改良土壤。  相似文献   

中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层划分与对比          下载免费PDF全文

唐文龙  李俊建  付超  Orolmaa 《地质找矿论丛》2015,30(4):582-587

在中蒙边界1∶100万系列地质图件编制过程中,有关中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属问题存在一定的异议。文章根据中蒙两国1∶20万区域地质图件及生物地层学资料结合野外地质踏勘,讨论了中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属。详尽的地质资料及野外踏勘显示,中蒙边界蒙古地区发育的奥陶纪地层可以和相邻地区的中国奥陶纪地层进行对比。蒙古北山地区的Ehenhaya组和Adagbaishint组下段可以和罗雅楚山组相对比;Adagbaishint上段可与咸水湖组相对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。在Saishand地区,除自中国境内延伸来的乌宾敖包组和巴彦呼舒组延伸到蒙古外,Zeeriinhural组可以与裸河组进行对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。蒙古东部Khalkh gol地区的Bukhat uul组应分为两部分,下段与多宝山组相似,其时代属于早-中奥陶世;上段可以与裸河组进行对比,时代为中-晚奥陶世。  相似文献   

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Yu  Zhu Gengrui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):791-801

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.  相似文献   

基于GlobeLand30的全球城乡建设用地空间分布与变化统计分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

陈军  陈利军  李然  廖安平  彭舒  鲁楠  张宇硕 《测绘学报》2015,44(11):1181-1188

城乡建设用地分布与变化是人类活动的直观标志和生态足迹,在环境变化研究、地理国(世)情监测和可持续发展研究等方面发挥着重要作用。以往人们对一些城市、区域或国家的城乡建设用地分布与变化进行过较为深入系统的研究,但在全球尺度上,这方面研究尚为空白。本文是利用我国自主研制的世界上首套30m空间分辨率全球地表覆盖数据集GlobeLand30的人造地表数据层,首次开展了全球城乡建设用地的空间分布及变化的统计分析。它采用用地面积、构成占比和增量占比等主要指标,统计全球范围内城乡建设用地的空间分布及2000年至2010年10年间的变化,重点分析了2010年全球、各大洲及主要国家的城乡建设用地分布现状与地域差异,2000年至2010年全球、主要国家的建设用地变化以及其主要土地来源。研究结果表明,2010年全球城乡建设用地总面积为118.75×104km2,占全球陆表面积的0.88%;2000年至2010年全球城乡建设用地面积增加了5.74×104 km2,变化率为5.08%,其中,中国和美国新增城乡建设用地约占全球的一半;新增城乡建设用地占用最多的是耕地,占总量的50.26%。这些为研究全球陆表人类活动的空间分布特征与变化趋势提供了翔实的信息和知识。  相似文献   

基于基础地理数据统计的长三角城市主城区空间格局扩展研究     

周墨  邓开艳  李雪艳  崔洪波 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):84-86

在快速城镇化时期,城市主城区的空间格局变化最为显著,以其复杂性和扩展性为突出特征。研究其扩展变化对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在基础地理数据统计的基础上,对长三角城市主城区2002~2012年的空间扩展进行了分析,探索影响其演变的若干因素。  相似文献   

The importance of place: Unraveling the vulnerability of fisherman livelihoods to the impact of marine protected areas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Marine protected areas (MPAs) hold great promise as an effective conservation tool, but the potential negative socioeconomic impacts of MPAs remain poorly understood. Indeed, little work has been done to advance the frameworks and methods needed to assess, measure, and communicate the potential negative socioeconomic impact of MPAs and incorporate this information in MPA planning and management efforts. To address this gap, we test a vulnerability assessment termed the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) that is designed to measure the relative potential impact a proposed MPA network may have upon fisherman livelihoods. To test the LVI, specifically we ask, how does the vulnerability of fishermen to the impact of MPAs differ across place? We explore this question through two core areas of inquiry surrounding the study of vulnerability assessments: 1) Ranking and comparing vulnerability and 2) Explaining attributes of vulnerability. Through this study we demonstrate how the historical and current conditions fishermen experience in a given place shape vulnerability levels in various ways. Variability in the attributes of a particular place such as weather conditions, the size of fishing areas, availability of alternative fisheries, and changes in kelp cover contribute inherently as measures of vulnerability but they also shape fishermen perceptions of what are important measures of vulnerability. Secondly, counter to existing notions, the use of weights in vulnerability assessments may not significantly impact vulnerability scores and ranking. Together these findings emphasize the need to test vulnerability assessments against actual experienced impact or harm across geographies and groups of fishermen towards an informed refinement of vulnerability assessments. We emphasize that the particularities of place are critical to understand, to appropriately assess and thus to effectively mitigate vulnerability in order to promote the future well being of fisherman livelihoods.  相似文献   

The top 1% in U.S. metropolitan areas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Increases in U.S. income inequality are driven primarily by rapidly rising incomes of the top 1%. At the national scale, rising inequality is associated with negative consequences for economic growth and stability, a range of social problems and declining social mobility. To date, there is no or little work on the geography of the top 1% and their impact on the cities they inhabit. Using individual income data from the U.S. Census, the paper offers the first detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of the top 1% in the United States. The paper makes use of the range of socio-demographic variables attached to individual records to illustrate that the large majority of the top 1% lives in large cities and that women and ethnic minorities are largely excluded from membership in the top 1%. The widening gap between incomes at the top and bottom will thus lead to increasing gender and ethnic income inequalities. Exploratory analysis of the impact of the top 1% on the bottom 99% suggests that cities with large shares of the top 1% are characterized by higher levels of skill polarization, higher labour force participation rates and lower unemployment rates for those with little formal education and higher median incomes for the better educated. However, the paper shows that higher incomes are outstripped by higher housing costs indicating that any potential advantage trickling down from the top 1% to the bottom 99% is eroded by higher living costs. Preliminary analysis also suggests that cities with a higher share of the top 1% tend to be more segregated with potential implications for the supply, quality, access to and distribution of public local services.  相似文献