南极磷虾干燥特性的研究          下载免费PDF全文

张军文  郑晓伟  沈建  欧阳杰  高翔  周春生  谈佳玉 《极地研究》2018,30(2):186-191

南极磷虾资源量大且营养丰富,是人类赖以生存的后备蛋白库,如何高效利用其资源已经成为当今科技的重点和难点。通过陆上实验,设定温度在120℃的恒定干燥条件下,对其进行热风干燥,来模拟船载南极海域条件下,南极磷虾的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。结果显示,在恒定干燥条件下,其干燥速率是0.497g·cm~(-2)·min~(-1),临界含水率为0.56 g水·g干物料~(-1);恒定干燥时间约占全部时间的三分之一。当低于临界含水率时,物料就进入了降速干燥阶段。此外,南极磷虾的干燥速率还与干燥温度和物料的烘干表面积有关;提高干燥温度和表面积都可加快干燥速率,这对于南极磷虾粉的设备设计、实际生产都有着重要的参考和指导意义。  相似文献   

陕北黄土高原人工林下土壤干化原因与防治   总被引：39，自引：13，他引：26  

赵景波  侯甬坚  黄春长 《中国沙漠》2003,23(6):612-615

黄土高原的退耕还林是一项史无前例的宏伟工程,成功实施该项工程对恢复该区严重恶化了的生态环境和减少黄河下游水患具重大现实意义。当前植树造林面临的需要解决的重要问题是土壤干化。土壤干化导致人工林生长不良,甚至干枯死亡,查明土壤干化原因对在植树造林工作中采取合理对策有重要作用。野外调查和资料分析显示,陕北黄土高原土壤干化原因有两个方面:一是自然原因;二是人为原因。自然原因包括该区本来降水量较少,近50 a来降水减少和气温升高3个方面。人为原因包括植被破坏,人工林密度过大,在不适于森林发育的地带进行了造林和没有遵循植被演替规律进行了造林4个方面。根据黄土高原已经发生了变化的自然条件,本文建议在陕西延安以南至关中盆地南缘的落叶阔叶林带应采取植被的自然恢复或人工草灌和稀疏的植树相结合的措施恢复森林植被,在延安至长城之间的森林草原带应以人工发展优良草灌为主,配合大间距的植树恢复森林草原植被,在长城以北以种草为主。为提高乔木成活率和确保人工林正常生长,继续采取建造鱼鳞坑等集雨工程措施是很必要的。  相似文献   

A classification approach to reconstruct local daily drying dynamics at headwater streams     

Aurlien Beaufort  Julie Carreau  Eric Sauquet 《水文研究》2019,33(13):1896-1912

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不同干燥方式对湖泊沉积物磷提取的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张润宇  王立英  刘超  朱淮武 《矿物学报》2012,32(3):417-424

以滇池5个典型区域表层沉积物为例,研究了自然风干、低温烘干和真空冻干等3种干燥方式对沉积物中磷的形态含量及其生物有效性测定的影响。结果表明：烘干、风干过程促进了沉积物有机磷的降解转化和微生物磷的释放,导致有机磷的含量偏低,总磷含量却比冻干高。各形态磷受不同干燥方式的影响程度不同,风干样品中BD-P较高,冻干样品中NaOH-rP含量最高,NH4Cl-P、HCl-P、残渣磷（Residual-P）由于含量较低或其化学性质比较稳定而差异不大。冻干样品中生物可利用磷分别比风干、烘干高26.7%、20.2%,表明冻干处理能较为真实地反映沉积物中磷的组成特征,是比较理想的样品干燥方式。各形态含量顺序为：藻类可利用磷（AAP）〉NaHCO3可提取磷（Olsen-P）〉水溶性磷（WSP）〉易解吸磷（RDP）。沉积物中Olsen-P与NH4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-rP、活性磷及上覆水体总磷水平呈显著正相关,因此可作为评价滇池沉积物磷的生物有效性的重要指标。  相似文献   

路面土质底基层材料干缩试验方法研究     

蔡晓飞 《岩土工程技术》2010,24(3):139-141,146

路面土质底基层材料需具有良好的干缩性能,对土质干缩试件的尺寸、试模及测试仪器的设计、试件的制作与养生进行了探讨,论述了干燥收缩试验的机理、测试及计算方法,并列举了干缩试验的实例,提出了一种土质干缩试验方法。  相似文献   

温度对土体微孔隙特征影响的试验研究     

张平  房营光 《岩土工程技术》2010,24(5):235-238

采用烘干法和冻干法分别对深圳土和重塑膨润土进行干燥制样,利用压汞试验得到的累积进汞量曲线,对土体进行了孔隙尺度划分,分析了土体采用不同温度烘干和冻干法干燥制样后孔隙分布存在的差异性,得出了制备压汞试验用土样时,冻干法优于烘干法这一结论。  相似文献   

石油污染多孔介质含水量测定技术     

梁春  郑西来  张俊杰  岳峰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):826-830,839

石油污染多孔介质中含有石油和水分,采用传统的烘干法测定其含水量时,水分和油分会同时产生挥发,无法准确测定含水量。在传统烘干法测定含水量的基础上,根据水分和油分不同的挥发特征,提出了石油污染多孔介质含水量的定义和计算公式,测定了不同石油在多孔介质中的烘干损失系数,建立一种测定石油污染多孔介质含水量的改进烘干法。结果表明:该法测定的石油污染多孔介质的含水量与实际值的误差约为0.10%~0.50%,低于传统方法的测定结果,可用于室内各项石油污染多孔介质的模拟研究。  相似文献   

Estimation of vertical profiles of leaf drying times after daytime rainfall within a Bornean tropical rainforest     

Tomonori Kume  Odair J Manfroi  Masakazu Suzuki  Katsunori Tanaka  Koichiro Kuraji  Michiko Nakagawa  Hikaru Komatsu  Tomo'omi Kumagai 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3689-3696

South‐east Asian Bornean tropical rainforests have large and complex canopy structures. To clarify how forest structure affects wet‐canopy evaporation, it is necessary to consider wet‐canopy evaporation processes within the forest canopy, such as vertical profiles of canopy drying time. In a previous study a method was proposed that utilizes sap flow measurements to estimate canopy drying time after rainfall (CDTobs) during daytime. In this present study, the method was applied to estimations of the vertical variations in CDTobs in 11 individual trees of various heights, ranging from 2·7 m to 53 m. The study derived vertical profiles and showed that the lengths of CDTobs in lower canopy trees were 2–4 h longer than those in the upper canopy trees. The new method for CDTobs profiles presented in this study, which is available for validation of multi‐layer biosphere‐atmospheric models, is a useful illustration for clarifying wet‐canopy evaporation processes in tropical rainforests. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions,part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data     

Martin A. Coombes 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(15):2114-2121

The wetting–drying and warming–cooling behaviours of rock and stone are known to influence the nature and rate of weathering. The way materials warm‐up and dry‐out also influences their suitability as biological substrata. While rock thermal behaviours have been measured under controlled laboratory conditions, previous experiments have largely been restricted to terrestrial simulations due to practical constraints. Where efforts have been made to simulate intertidal conditions, expansion and contraction of rocks or rates of breakdown (i.e. sediment production and weight loss) have been measured, while detailed observations of thermal and drying behaviours have rarely been made. A simple, semi‐automated procedure is described that enabled measurement of surface temperatures and desorption (evaporative water loss) for different material types (rock and concrete) under simulated semidiurnal tide conditions. Some preliminary results are presented illustrating the types of data that were obtained, and comparisons are made with temperature data collected on a rock platform in the UK to assess the ability of the procedure to adequately represent field conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Have China’s drylands become wetting in the past 50 years?     

ZHANG Yu  ZHANG Yangjian  CHENG Liang  CONG Nan  ZHENG Zhoutao  HUANG Ke  ZHANG Jianshuang  ZHU Yixuan  GAO Jie  SUN Yihan 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,33(1):99-120

Recently, whether drylands of Northwest China (NW) have become wetting has been attracting surging attentions. By comparing the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Indices (SPEI) derived from two different potential evapotranspiration estimates, i.e., the Thornthwaite algorithm (SPEI_th) and the Penman-Monteith equation (SPEI_pm), we try to resolve the controversy. The analysis indicated that air temperature has been warming significantly at a rate of 0.4°C decade^?1 in the last five decades and the more arid areas are more prone to becoming warmer. Annual precipitation of the entire study area increased insignificantly by 3.6 mm decade^?1 from 1970 to 2019 but NW presented significantly increasing trends. Further, the SPEI_th and SPEI_pm demonstrated similar wetting-drying-wetting trends (three phases) in China’s drylands during 1970-2019. The common periodical signals in the middle phase were identified both by SPEI_th and SPEI_pm wavelet analysis. Analysis with different temporal intervals can lead to divergent or even opposite results. The attribution analysis revealed that precipitation is the main climatic factor driving the drought trend transition. This study hints that the wetting trend’s direction and magnitude hinge on the targeted temporal periods and regions.  相似文献