Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and paleoclimatic conditions in the distal Andean piedmont, southern Mendoza, Argentina     

Alfonsina Tripaldi  Marcelo A. Zárate  George A. Brook  Guo-Qiang Li 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(2):253-263

The Andean piedmont of Mendoza is a semiarid region covered by extensive and partially vegetated dune fields consisting of mostly inactive aeolian landforms of diverse size and morphology. This paper is focused on the San Rafael plain (SRP) environment, situated in the distal Andean piedmont of Mendoza (34° 30′S), and reports the sedimentology and OSL chronology of two representative exposures of late Quaternary deposits, including their paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance. Eleven facies, including channel, floodplain, fluvio–aeolian interaction, and reworked pyroclastic and aeolian deposits, were described and grouped into two facies associations (FA1 and FA2). FA1 was formed by unconfined sheet flows, minor channelized streams and fluvial–aeolian interaction processes. FA2 was interpreted as aeolian dune and sand-sheet deposits. OSL chronology from the SRP sedimentary record indicates that between ca. 58–39 ka and ca. 36–24 ka (MIS 3), aggradation was governed by ephemeral fluvial processes (FA1) under generally semiarid conditions. During MIS 2, the last glacial maximum (ca. 24–12 ka), a major climatic shift to more arid conditions is documented by significant aeolian activity (FA2) that became the dominant sedimentation process north of the Diamante–Atuel fluvial system. The inferred paleoenvironmental conditions from the SRP sections are in broad agreement with regional evidence.  相似文献   

长江口河口河槽浅地层剖面探测研究     

杨忠勇  程和琴  江红  张文祥  和玉芳  倪一卓 《海洋测绘》2011,31(2):38-41

于2010年枯季利用浅地层剖面仪等对长江口自江阴至北港、北槽和南槽口门段河槽浅部地层进行探测.探测结果显示:江阴至徐六泾段落潮流占绝对优势,床沙质以细砂为主,发育有波长约15～25m、波高约0.5～0.8m的沙波;自徐六泾至口门段河槽床面受势力相当的涨、落潮流影响,河槽床面仅偶尔发育有较小尺度的沙波,波长5.0～12m...  相似文献   

Bedform spurs: a result of a trailing helical vortex wake     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(1):191-208

The formative conditions for bedform spurs and their roles in bedform dynamics and associated sediment transport are described herein. Bedform spurs are formed by helical vortices that trail from the lee surface of oblique segments of bedform crest lines. Trailing helical vortices quickly route sediment away from the lee surface of their parent bedform, scouring troughs and placing this bed material into the body of the spur. The geometric configuration of bedform spurs to their parent bedform crests is predicted by a cross‐stream Strouhal number. When present, spur‐bearing bedforms and their associated trailing helical wakes exert tremendous control on bedform morphology by routing enhanced sediment transport between adjacent bedforms. Field measurements collected at the North Loup River, Nebraska, and flume experiments described in previous studies demonstrate that this trailing helical vortex‐mediated sediment transport is a mechanism for bedform deformation, interactions and transitions between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional bedforms.  相似文献   

The Cosmolian program for simulating aeolian dynamics and its application to central Australia     

Shlomy Vainer  Yoav Ben Dor 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(9):1631-1639

The wide spatial coverage of sand dunes in continental interiors makes the understanding of their activity and accumulation history valuable for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and the interpretation of landscape evolution. Nevertheless, the study of aeolian landscape development at the million-year timescale is hampered by the complex interaction of factors determining dune migration and the inherently self-destructive nature of their chronostratigraphy, thus limiting the applicability of traditional dating methods. This study presents a standalone program that simulates aeolian transport based on luminescence-derived chronologies coupled with numerical modelling of the accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides. This integrative approach to modelling the history of aeolian landforms reveals phases of emergence of aeolian sand into the landscape, and provides a data-based scheme that facilitates the morphodynamical study of aeolian processes over multiple timescales and up to several millions of years. The application of the program for reanalysing previously reported data from the Australian Simpson Desert reveals multiple pulses of sand dispersion into central Australia at 3.8–3.4, 2.9–2.5 and 1.5–1 Ma, corresponding to pronounced changes in climatic conditions and landscape deformation events. The synchronicity of the results with the established environmental framework that would promote the production and aeolian distribution of sand exemplifies the applicability of process-based modelling in constructing a timeframe of key landscape evolution events in arid environments by studying aeolian deposits. The dependence of the parameters used to determine environmental settings on sand transportation patterns additionally makes the program a powerful tool to further investigate the triggers and mechanisms of aeolian processes.  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of the inland sand dunes from SE India     

Dontireddy Venkat Reddy  Vuddaraju Singaraju  Rakesh Mishra  Devender Kumar  Puthusserry Joseph Thomas  Karra Kameshwa Rao  Ashok Kumar Singhvi 《Quaternary Research》2013

Records of past climate changes have been preserved variously on the earth's surface. Sand dunes are one such prominent imprint, and it is suggested that their presence is an indicator of periods of transition from arid to less arid phases. We report inland sand dunes from Andhra Pradesh (SE India) spread over an area of ~ 500 km², ~ 75 km inland from the east coast. The dune sands are examined to understand their provenance, transportation, timing of sand aggradation and their relationship to past climates. The dune distribution, grain morphology and the grain-size studies on sands suggest an aeolian origin. Physiography of the study area, heavy mineral assemblage, and abundance of quartz in the parent rocks indicate that the dune sands are largely derived from first-order streams emanating from hills in the region and from weathering of the Nellore schist belt. It appears that the geomorphology and wind direction pattern both facilitated and restricted the dune aggradation and preservation to a limited area. OSL dating of 47 dune samples ranged from the present to ~ 50 ka, thereby suggesting a long duration of sand-dune aggradation and/or reworking history.  相似文献   

Bedforms: views and new perspectives from the third international workshop on Marine and River Dune Dynamics (MARID3)     

Daniel R. Parsons  Jim Best 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(3):319-329

This Commentary introduces a Special Issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms dedicated to the memory of Stephen Coleman (1966–2012) who sadly passed away on July 23, 2012. Stephen was an incredible enthusiast for the study of bedforms and made seminal contributions to our knowledge and understanding of flow, sediment transport and bedform dynamics. Stephen presented a keynote address at MARID 3, which has led to this Special Issue (see Coleman SE, Nikora VI. 2011. Fluvial dunes: initiation, characterization, flow structure. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 36 : 39–57. DOI. 10.1002/esp.2096) and was always keen to discuss research, from theory to techniques to experiments. He was always generous with his time and touched many with the influence of his thoughts and intellect. Our community has lost an outstanding scientist and Stephen will be greatly missed by us all. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地南缘半固定沙丘风沙输移物特征     

王广涛  王训明  郎丽丽 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):281-286

通过连续动态观测,获取毛乌素沙地南缘典型半固定沙丘表面风沙输移物,测量了风沙活动中不同沙丘部位的风蚀深度,并对风沙输移物及其养分进行了初步分析。结果表明:风沙活动期间沙丘顶部的风蚀深度最大,沙丘迎风坡次之,而丘间地的风蚀深度最小;沙丘顶部和迎风坡的输移物以中沙和细沙为主,养分含量较低,丘间地颗粒较细且养分含量较高;土壤养分含量与颗粒大小存在显著的负相关关系。迎风坡和丘顶处在风蚀亚环境而难以被植被固定,进而加速了风蚀过程;丘间地风沙活动较弱,风积物中养分含量较高的细颗粒物质促进了植被的发育,因而减弱了局地风速。  相似文献   

长江口沙波分布区桥墩局部冲刷深度计算公式的改进   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王冬梅  程和琴  李茂田  周丰年  吴敬文  杨忠勇 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):58-65

利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3 m和19.6 m。建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8 m和23.1 m,平均波高为4.2 m和9.4 m,陡坡朝向下游。基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下"平床"假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式。且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5 m和22.1 m,非常接近实测值。  相似文献   

Spectral and petrologic analyses of basaltic sands in Ka'u Desert (Hawaii) – implications for the dark dunes on Mars     

Daniela Tirsch  Robert Anthony Craddock  Thomas Platz  Alessandro Maturilli  Jörn Helbert  Ralf Jaumann 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(4):434-448

Dark aeolian deposits on Mars are thought to consist of volcanic materials due to their mineral assemblages, which are common to basalts. However, the sediment source is still debated. Basaltic dunes on Earth are promising analogs for providing further insights into the assumed basaltic sand dunes on Mars. In our study we characterize basaltic dunes from the Ka'u Desert in Hawaii using optical microscopes, electron microprobe, and spectral analyses. We compare the spectra of terrestrial and Martian dune sands to determine possible origins of the Martian dark sediments. Our results show that the terrestrial sands consist primarily of medium to coarse sand‐sized volcanic glass and rock fragments as well as olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase minerals. Grain shapes range from angular to subrounded. The sample composition indicates that the material was derived from phreatomagmatic eruptions partially with additional proportions of rock fragments from local lava flows. Grain shape and size indicate the materials were transported by aeolian processes rather than by fluvial processes. Spectral analyses reveal an initial hydration of all terrestrial samples. A spectral mineralogical correlation between the terrestrial and Martian aeolian sands shows a similarity consistent with an origin from volcanic ash and lava. We suggest that the Martian deposits may contain similar abundances of volcanic glass, which has not yet been distinguished in Martian spectral data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A process‐based hypothesis for the barchan–parabolic transformation and implications for dune activity modelling     

Thomas E. Barchyn  Chris H. Hugenholtz 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(13):1456-1462

The introduction of vegetation to bare barchan dunes can result in a morphological transformation to vegetated parabolic dunes. Models can mimic this planform inversion, but little is known about the specific processes and mechanisms responsible. Here we outline a minimalist, quantitative, and process‐based hypothesis to explain the barchan–parabolic transformation. The process is described in terms of variations in the stabilization of wind‐parallel cross‐sectional dune slices. We hypothesize that stabilization of individual ‘dune slices’ is the predictable result of feedbacks initiated from colonization of vegetation on the slipface, which can only occur when slipface deposition rates are less than the deposition tolerance of vegetation. Under a constant vegetation growth regime the transformation of a barchan dune into a parabolic dune is a geometric response to spanwise gradients in deposition rates. Initial vegetation colonization of barchan horns causes shear between the anchored sides and the advancing centre of the dune, which rotates the planform brinkline angle from concave‐ to convex‐downwind. This reduces slipface deposition rate and allows vegetation to expand inward from the arms to the dune centre. The planform inversion of bare barchans dunes into vegetated parabolic dunes ultimately leads to complete stabilization. Our hypothesis raises several important questions for future study: (i) are parabolic dunes transitional landforms between active and vegetation‐stabilized dune states? (ii) should stabilization modelling of parabolic dune fields be treated differently than linear dunes? and (iii) are stabilized parabolic dune fields ‘armoured’ against re‐activation? Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献