内蒙古蒙古族生态移民生活方式转型地区差异研究——以锡林郭勒盟为例     

图雅  阿拉腾图雅  春梅 《西部资源》2013,(3):166-167,185

本论文以锡林郭勒盟生态移民搬迁前后的生产生活方式问卷调查表为信息源,通过聚类分析和综合分析法对研究区生态移民生产生活方式转型及其地区差异进行分析与研究。综合评价与分析结果表明:(1)南部地区:产业向低效益产业化、物质生活向贫困现代化、传统的优秀文化生活向变异中继承方向转型。(2)北部地区:产业向不稳定专业化、物质生活相对稳定、传统的优秀文化生活向快速衰落方向转型。  相似文献   

芦山7.0级地震宏观场地效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐文浩  陈龙伟  单振东  汪云龙 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4)

继汶川地震之后,2013年4月20日四川省庐山县又发生了7.0级强烈地震,其场地条件对震害的影响目前认识较少.通过专项工作,考察了雅安雨城区、芦山县、天全县、宝兴县等地区的结构震害及其场地条件,包括软土场地、老河床、不利地段、潜在滑坡等,分析了不同场地条件与震害的关系.结果表明,此次地震震害与场地条件有较密切关系,震害形式主要表现为软土震陷、河谷地形控制震害分布、不利地段加重震害、潜在滑坡的威胁、地质灾害堵塞交通等,其中软土震陷、河谷地形震害分布、不利地段处理都是值得深入研究的问题.  相似文献   

Large roughness element effects on sand transport,Oceano Dunes,California     

John A. Gillies  Nicholas Lancaster 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(8):785-792

The effect of large roughness elements on sand transport efficiency was evaluated on a coastal sand sheet by measuring sand flux with two types of sand traps [Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC)] at 30 positions through a 100 m‐long × 50 m‐wide roughness array comprised of 210 elements each with the dimensions 1·17 m long × 0·4 m high × 0·6 m wide. The 210 elements were used to create a roughness density (λ) of 0·022 (λ = n bh/S, where n is the number of elements, b the element breadth, h the element height, and S is the area of the surface that contains all the elements) in an area of 5000 m². The mean normalized saltation flux (NSF) values (NSF = outgoing sand flux/incoming sand flux) at the furthest downwind distance for the two trap types were 0·44 and 0·41, respectively. This is in excellent agreement with an empirical model prediction of 0·5. The reduction in saltation flux is similar to an earlier separate study for an equivalent λ composed of elements of similar height (0·36 m), even though the roughness element forms were different (rectangular in this study as opposed to circular) as were the horizontal porosity of the arrays (49% versus 16%). This corroborates earlier results that roughness element height is a critical parameter that enhances reduction in sand transport by wind for similar λ configurations. The available data suggest the form of the relationship between transport reduction efficiency and height is likely a power relationship with two limiting conditions: (1) for elements ≤ 0·1 m high the effect is minimized, and (2) as element height matches and then exceeds the maximum height of the saltation layer (≥ 1 m), the effect will stabilize near a maximum of NSF ≈ 0·32. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of a rainfall-runoff model to three catchments in Iraq     

FAYEZ ABDULLA  LAITH AL-BADRANIH 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):13-25

Abstract

The capability of the Surface inFiltration Baseflow (SFB) conceptual rainfall-runoff model to simulate streamflow for three catchments selected from northern Iraq is investigated. These catchments differ in their climatic regimes and physical characteristics. Three versions of the model were tested: the original three-parameter model (SFB), the modified five-parameter model (SFB-5), and the modified six-parameter model (SFB-6). The available daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and runoff data were used in conjunction with a simulated annealing (SA) optimization technique to calibrate the various versions of the SFB model. A simple sensitivity analysis was then carried out to determine the relative importance of the model parameters. The study indicated that use of the original three parameter model was not adequate to simulate monthly streamflow in the selected catchments. The modified version (SFB-5) provided better runoff simulation than the original SFB model; overall a 19% increase was observed in the coefficient of determination (R²) between simulated and observed monthly runoff. The SFB-5 model performed with varying degrees of success among the catchments. The model performance in the validation stage was reasonable and comparable to that of the calibration stage. The sensitivity analysis of the SFB model for arid catchments revealed that the baseflow parameter (B) was the most sensitive one, while the S and F parameters were less sensitive than the B parameter.  相似文献   

Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzo[a]pyrene in Yellow River Delta     

Qin Jin  Qunou Jiang  Feng Wu  Xing Li  Xiangzheng Deng 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(4):370-376

Ecological risk assessment is of great significance to promoting the rational management effectively for the oil‐polluted areas. A comprehensive evaluation method of ecological risk, including probabilistic risk assessment and regional ecological risk assessment, is developed through employing the contaminant benzo[a]pyrene as an indicator to assess ecological risk of five oil mining plots, respectively in Yellow River Delta. In this study, firstly we evaluate the ecological risk probability of five oil mining plots using overlapping area of probabilistic curves, and the results show that local ecological risk varies between the maximum 0.4 and the minimum 0.01. Then we overlay boundaries of five administrative divisions in Yellow River Delta and the spatial distribution patterns of ecosystems to generate new risk receptor plaques, and calculate the integrated value of 30 specifically classified plaques for comprehensive evaluation of ecological risk. The results, fluctuating within the range of 0.00005 and 0.25, indicate that local government should be vigilant to ecological risk of benzo[a]pyrene to some extent, although the current situation is not severe in whole.  相似文献   

生态河南建设中的地理国情监测研究     

刘玉萍  张立朝  潘贞  付治河 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(9)

地理国情监测是获取国情国力信息的重要手段,是掌握自然资源、生态环境以及人类活动基本情况的综合性、基础性工作。地理国情监测的实施将为生态河南建设提供动态、实时的自然、人文要素信息,林业、水资源监测信息以及环境综合整治、环境保护以及环保基础设施信息。本文着重研究地理国情监测的技术体系、生态省建设中的地理国情监测内容体系、开展地理国情监测的措施,并结合河南省地理国情监测试点项目对生态河南建设中的地理国情监测进行系统的研究。  相似文献   

The integration of geophysical and enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data into a rule-based,piecewise regression-tree model to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):118-132

Cheatgrass exhibits spatial and temporal phenological variability across the Great Basin as described by ecological models formed using remote sensing and other spatial data-sets. We developed a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model trained on 99 points that used three data-sets – latitude, elevation, and start of season time based on remote sensing input data – to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth (BOSG) in the northern Great Basin. The model was then applied to map the location and timing of cheatgrass spring growth for the entire area. The model was strong (R² = 0.85) and predicted an average cheatgrass BOSG across the study area of 29 March–4 April. Of early cheatgrass BOSG areas, 65% occurred at elevations below 1452 m. The highest proportion of cheatgrass BOSG occurred between mid-April and late May. Predicted cheatgrass BOSG in this study matched well with previous Great Basin cheatgrass green-up studies.  相似文献   

Political Ecologies of Gentrification     

《Urban geography》2013,34(7):694-725

This article explores the possibilities for a political ecology of gentrification. Gentrification research, while firmly rooted in materialist social science, has not yet broadened its interests to consider ecological aspects of, or the role in gentrification of, discourses, social movements, and state policies of the environment. Understanding the political ecologies of gentrification involves recognizing the ways in which material relations and uneven resource consumption, concepts of nature, and the politics of urban environmental management affect gentrification processes. By synthesizing diverse literatures in urban studies, political ecology, urban environmental governance, consumption studies, and gentrification, this study argues that Vancouver, British Columbia represents a well-developed urban crucible for the new political ecologies of gentrification in North America. New developments in Vancouver increasingly contribute to gentrification using languages of sustainability and green consumption in a process of ecological gentrification.  相似文献   

GPS多路径效应中的EEMD时空滤波器     

徐佳  杨秋实  杨帆 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):57-58,62

根据结构动态监测中GPS多路径效应的日重复性和低频周期等特性,本文研究了一种基于集成经验模态分解(EEMD)技术的滤波方法,构造了EEMD时空滤波器。通过计算连续两天GPS动态监测数据EEMD的相关系数,提取GPS监测数据中的多路径效应。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,为结构动态变形模态分析提供了有效数据。  相似文献   

5·12地震灾区生态环境变化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张飞  史海霞  杨斌 《测绘科学》2013,38(1):104-105,121

针对5·12地震及快速灾后重建带来的生态环境变化,基于不同时相的遥感影像数据,构建研究区(北川县)生态环境综合评价体系结构,并提取相关变化信息,最终得出生态环境质量等级图。结果表明:地震及其次生灾害和灾后重建等使得北川县特别是东南部老县城附近地区、新县城重建地区生态环境受到一定程度的破坏,造成该地区环境质量的下降。  相似文献