对印度洋偶极子中海洋环流异常的模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵其庚 《大气科学》2003,27(3):317-329

用高分辨率印度洋-太平洋区域海洋环流模式(IPOM)模拟研究印度洋偶极子(IOD)过程.用观测的1990年～1999年热带海表风应力强迫IPOM,模拟出20世纪90年代出现的两次(1994年和1997年)IOD过程中热带印度洋海温异常的一些基本特征.通过模拟的海洋环流过程,揭示出IOD过程中海洋环流异常的物理图像.发现在IOD事件时,东赤道印度洋上层出现强的向西(负)的距平流窄带,此距平流在赤道两侧向外辐散,且具有向西传的海洋Rossby波特征.IOD位相时在沿赤道的垂直剖面上,存在一个明显的距平环流圈:表层为强的向西距平流;下面为向东的补偿流;80°E以东存在着明显的涌升流,构成垂直环流圈的上升支;其下沉支主要在55°E以西的西印度洋.同时在热带东印度洋赤道两侧各有一个垂直的经向距平环流圈,其共同的上升支在赤道附近.在反IOD位相时,洋流距平分布与IOD位相截然相反,但洋流距平的绝对值较小.由上述距平洋流分布的特征发现,IOD过程中热带印度洋海温异常(东冷西暖)现象,可从水平和垂直海流的异常变化,特别是大范围异常涌升流和沉降流的出现得到解释.  相似文献   

土的动模量和阻尼比研究述评   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

孙静  袁晓铭 《世界地震工程》2003,19(1):88-95

总结和评述了土的动模量和阻尼比的国内外研究现状,分析了现有工作不完善和存在缺陷的原因,提出了今后的研究设想。  相似文献   

夏季黑潮区域SSTA及其与中国夏季降水的联系   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

倪东鸿  孙照渤  陈海山  朱伟军 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(3):310-316

采用海温、降水、OLR和NCEP／NCAR40a再分析资料，利用REOF方法，研究了夏季北半球海温异常(SSTA)的变化特征，结果显示：第4个REOF空间型是黑潮海温异常的典型形态。相关、合成分析表明，夏季黑潮海温正异常年时，长江流域降水偏多，洞庭湖流域显著偏多；负异常年时则反之。  相似文献   

2002年12月广西寒潮过程特征及数值预报产品的释用     

李生艳  苏荣在  高安宁 《气象研究与应用》2004,25(1):12-15

对2002年12月25～27日全区性寒潮天气过程爆发前后的形势进行分析,认为横槽南摆是造成这次过程的主要原因,而低纬度南支槽的配合加剧了过程的降温、降水;通过对数值预报产品的解释应用,得到一些预报全区性寒潮的指示信息。  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of density-stratified inertial gravity currents   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. Gladstone  L. J. Ritchie†  R. S. J. Sparks‡  A. W. Woods 《Sedimentology》2004,51(4):767-789

Turbidity currents and pyroclastic density currents may originate as stratified flows or develop stratification during propagation. Analogue, density‐stratified laboratory currents are described, using layers of salt solutions with different concentrations and depths to create the initial vertical stratification. The evolving structure of the flow depends on the distribution of the driving buoyancy between the layers, B* (proportional to the layer volumes and densities), and their density ratio, ρ*. When the lower layer contains more salt than the upper layer, and so has a greater proportion of the driving buoyancy (B* < 0·5), this layer can run ahead leading to streamwise or longitudinal stratification (ρ*→0), or the layers can mix to produce a homogeneous current (ρ*→1). If the upper layer contains more salt and thus buoyancy (B* > 0·5), this layer travels to the nose of the current by mixing into the back of the head along the body/wake density interface to produce a homogeneous flow (ρ*→1) or overtaking, leading to streamwise stratification (ρ*→0). Timescales describing the mixing between the layers and the streamwise separation of the layers are used to understand these flow behaviours and are in accordance with the experimental observations. Distance–time measurements of the flow front show that strongly stratified flows initially travel faster than weakly stratified flows but, during their later stages, they travel more slowly. In natural flows that are stratified in concentration and grain size, internal features, such as stepwise grading, gradual upward fining and reverse grading, could be produced depending on B* and ρ*. Stratification may also be expected to affect interactions with topography and overall fan architecture.  相似文献   

Simulation of the seismic performance of the Bolu Viaduct subjected to near‐fault ground motions     

S. W. Park  H. Ghasemi  J. Shen  P. G. Somerville  W. P. Yen  M. Yashinsky 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(13):1249-1270

The seismic performance of the Bolu Viaduct in the Duzce, Turkey, earthquake of November 1999 was studied via a non‐linear, time‐history analysis of a multi‐degree of freedom model. The viaduct had a seismic isolation system consisting of yielding‐steel energy dissipation units and sliding pot bearings. The Duzce earthquake caused a surface rupture across the viaduct, which resulted in excessive superstructure movement and widespread failure of the seismic isolation system. The effect of the rupture was modeled by a static, differential ground displacement in the fault‐parallel direction across the rupture. The ground motions used in the analysis contain common near‐fault features including a directivity pulse in the fault‐normal direction and a fling step in the fault‐parallel direction. The analysis used a finite element package capable of modeling the mechanical behavior of the seismic isolation system and focused on the structural response of a 10‐span module of the viaduct. This analysis showed that the displacement of the superstructure relative to the piers exceeded the capacity of the bearings at an early stage of the earthquake, causing damage to the bearings as well as to the energy dissipation units. The analysis also indicated that shear keys, both longitudinal and transverse, played a critical role in preventing collapse of the deck spans. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型(Ⅰ)--基于双线性本构关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

李冀龙  欧进萍 《世界地震工程》2004,20(1):10-16

利用软钢的双线性本构关系，依据经典力学原理推导建立了X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力滞回模型。首先，导出了单调加载下钢板阻尼器的力与位移关系及其渐近曲线；其次，对于软钢材料本构关系分别考虑在理想弹塑性和双线性强化模型基础上，推导建立了钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型；最后，将钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型及其参数与试验结果进行了比较，验证了理论模型的有效性，并分析了误差存在的原因。  相似文献   

边界元法在地电预报地震中的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

马钦忠  钱家栋 《地震工程学报》2004,26(1):18-23,27

在以往地电预报地震研究及电法勘探研究中，二维、三维点电源层状横向非均匀介质条件下的数值模拟方法存在着不少困难问题。利用边界单元法可使得该类二、三维问题中难处理的问题变得较为简单易行。本文综合分析叙述了边界元法在这类地电断面结构下的理论研究及其在地电预报地震中的应用情况。探讨了地电学在地震预报研究中的理论及实际应用前景。  相似文献   

A reassessment of dynamic characteristics of the Quincy Bayview Bridge using output‐only identification techniques     

Brad A. Pridham  John C. Wilson 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(7):787-805

A reassessment of the dynamic characteristics of the 542 m cable‐stayed Bayview Bridge in Quincy, Illinois, is presented using a newly developed output‐only system identification technique. The technique is applied to an extensive set of ambient vibration response data acquired from the bridge in 1987. Vertical, torsional and transverse modal frequencies of the deck are identified, and uncertainty in damping values are estimated using an automated procedure on several redundant measurements at four locations. Important practical implementation issues associated with the implementation of the procedure and selection of algorithm design parameters for stochastic subspace identification techniques are discussed. An overall mean and standard deviation of damping of 1.0±0.8% is estimated considering all identified vertical, torsional and transverse modes in the 0–2 Hz band. The mean damping for the fundamental vertical mode (0.37 Hz) is identified as 1.4±0.5%, and for the first coupled torsion–transverse mode (0.56 Hz) is identified as 1.1±0.8%. Variability in the damping estimates is shown to decrease as estimated modal RMS acceleration levels increase. Standard deviations on estimated damping range from 0.05% to 2%. The results are shown to be a substantial improvement in the evaluation of damping compared to earlier spectral analysis conducted on the same data set. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Advances in carbon flux observation and research in Asia   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

YU Guirui  ZHANG Leiming  SUN Xiaomin  FU Yuling  LI Zhengquan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z1)

As an important component of FLUXNET, Asia is increasingly becoming the hotspot in global carbon research for its vast territory, complex climate type and vegetation diversity. The present three regional flux observation networks in Asia (i.e. AsiaFlux, KoFlux and ChinaFLUX)have 54 flux observation sites altogether, covering tropic rainforest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine meadow and cropland ecosystems with a latitudinal distribution from 2°N to 63°N. Long-term and continuous fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere are mainly measured with eddy covariance technique to (1) quantify and compare the carbon, water and energy budgets across diverse ecosystems; (2) quantify the environmental and biotic controlling mechanism on ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes; (3) validate the soil-vegetation-atmosphere model; and (4) serve the integrated study of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle. Over the last decades, great advancements have been made in the theory and technology of flux measurement, ecosystem flux patterns, simulation and scale conversion by Asian flux community. The establishment of ChinaFLUX has greatly filled the gap of flux observation and research in Eurasia. To further promote the flux measurement and research,accelerate data sharing and improve the data quality, it is necessary to present a methodological system of flux estimation and evaluation over complex terrain and to develop the integrated research that combines the flux measurement, stable isotope measurement, remote sensing observation and GIS technique. It also requires the establishment of the Joint Committee of Asian Flux Network in the Asia-Pacific region in order to promote the cooperation and communication of ideas and data by supporting project scientists, workshops and visiting scientists.  相似文献