滑坡监测的新方法——PMP测量方法     

孙园  李大心 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(B12):15-18

文章从国内外滑坡灾害、滑坡灾害的危害及现有滑坡监测方法等方面，论述了滑坡灾害带来的危害性，从而验证了滑坡监测的重要性。但目前现行的滑坡监测手段各有不足之处。针对这种情况，提出了新的测量方法改进其不足之处。位相测量剖面术的测量原理是将LCD投影仪安装于滑坡体上，在滑坡体外稳定地带放置监测系统，CCD光束中心垂直于滑坡体位移方向，监测系统由望远镜头和CCD组成，CCD输出的视频信号进入计算机。通过软件对图像进行处理，绘制出滑坡整体的三维面貌，并计算出滑动的距离，从而有效的观测滑坡体的运动过程。  相似文献   

滑坡变形立体监测网建设   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李长明 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(B12):19-22

论文简要介绍了滑坡监测工作内容和监测方法，对现有技术方法在实际工作中的优缺点进行了简要评述。认为在滑坡稳定性监测工作中应该建立全方位、多种手段的立体监测网，仅仅运用某一种或者某一单方面的监测方法是不行的，是片面的，无法准确了解滑坡的动态。所说的立体监测网既有水平位移监测又有垂直位移监测，既有滑坡地表表层变形监测又有滑体深部变形监测，既有专业监测又有群测群防体系。同时监测有可能准确地掌握使滑坡失稳的各种因素（自然因素和人为因素）。因此建议在滑坡监测中建立全方位、多种手段的立体监测网，并提出了立体监测网建设的主要内容。  相似文献   

Influence of transducer-ground coupling on vibration measurements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. R. Adhikari  A. I. Theresraj  R. N. Gupta 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(2):79-92

Various methods of transducer mounting provide varying degrees of coupling between the transducer and the measurement surface. The influence of four of these methods on vibration measurements was studied. For this purpose, the first transducer was placed freely on a horizontal surface, the second one was 'sandbagged', the third one was 'spiked' and the fourth one was completely buried in soil. These transducers were mounted side by side and ground vibrations were monitored for 14 blasts at an opencast coal mine.

Ground vibrations in terms of peak particle velocity, peak vector sum and frequency with different mounting methods were analysed. Assuming the data of the buried transducer as the most acceptable one, relative values of other transducers were determined and plotted. For the given tolerance for instrumental and human errors, anomalous readings were found in some cases. The waveforms of the buried transducer were then compared with those of others. Clear distortion in the waveforms or a very low correlation coefficient between two waveforms was suspected poor coupling.

The results indicate that decoupling is most likely with the surface transducer. However, the sandbagged and spiked transducers are also prone to decoupling. Decoupling can result in higher or lower ground vibration. Therefore, burial should be the preferred method for mounting of transducers in soil.  相似文献   

云南沿边境地带生态环境3S监测、 评价与调控研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

齐清文  何大明  邹秀萍  姜莉莉  李晋 《地理科学进展》2005,24(2):1-12

本文利用全球新千年整体生态系统评估的理论，以云南省沿边境地带生态系统变化跨境生态安全为研究对象，探寻并揭示我国陆疆系统的跨境生态系统变化监测、评价和生态安全综合调控的基础理论与信息机理；进而研究基于“3S”云南沿边境地带的生态环境监测、评价与综合调控的方法和关键技术，包括方法和技术体系的建立、指标体系的建立、多尺度效应和尺度转换、数学模型的建立、综合调控模式和决策方案的建立等；在案例研究部分，建立了背景数据库，然后选择大、中、小尺度进行了全区生态环境现状评价，重点河道、典型路段和重点口岸的影响评价和预测预报研究，最后进行了综合调控模式和方案的探讨，并对研究结果进行了动态仿真和虚拟表达研究。  相似文献   

The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Ecological Quality of the Dryland Ecosystem: Concepts,Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment     

WU Rina  CONG Weiwei  LI Yonghua  LI Siyao  WANG Dongfang  JIA Zhiqing  WANG Feng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):196-201

The dryland ecosystem is the dominant component of the global terrestrial ecosystem since arid regions occupy 45% of the earth’s land area and feed 38% of the world's population. The stability and sustainable development of the dryland ecosystem are critical for achieving the millennium development goal (MDG) in the arid and semiarid areas. However, there is still no scientific guideline for measuring and conserving the health and productivity of dryland ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the scientific conceptual framework of defining, monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of dryland ecosystems. The ecological quality of dryland ecosystems is represented by a system of comprehensive indicators that are each extracted from the ecological elements, and structural and functional indices of the ecosystem. These indicators can be monitored by integrating satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles with ground-based sensor networks at the scale of either observational sites or regional scales. Finally, the ecological quality can be evaluated by evaluation models based on the normalized index values and their thresholds. This paper presents a conceptual framework for monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of drylands, which provides a way of advancing the monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation of the ecological quality of the dryland ecosystems.  相似文献   

InSAR滑坡探测技术研究——以金沙江乌东德水电站段为例     

康亚  赵超英  张勤  刘晓杰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(10):1053-1057

采用3类InSAR产品和DEM数据开展金沙江流域乌东德水电站段的潜在滑坡探测，成功识别出多处已知和未知的滑坡点，并探测出滑坡体的形态及稳定性，提供了一种高效的大范围滑坡探测技术。同时采用小基线集InSAR技术对金坪子滑坡进行监测，不仅获得该滑坡的空间分区特征，也获取重点滑坡区的时间序列结果，并且与地面监测结果比较，精度达1.8 cm。展示了不同InSAR技术在不同尺度滑坡调查与监测中的应用特点。  相似文献   

微型全极化SAR海洋监测应用技术研究     

王军锋  乔明  刘子畅  吕大勇 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):88-90

我国作为海洋大国,近年来海洋事业进入快速发展时期,合成孔径雷达以其自身的技术特点在海洋遥感监测中发挥了重要的作用。在以往的海洋监测中大多采用星载合成孔径雷达获取海洋数据,但因星载SAR受到卫星搭载平台和运行轨道等因素影响,对局部地区高时效的数据获取还存在一定的制约因素。本文通过对无人机机载微型全极化合成孔径雷达对海岸带、海岛礁、海洋动目标高分辨率成像和应用分析研究,为无人机机载SAR在海洋监测中的应用提供了全新的技术手段。  相似文献   

Long‐term monitoring of a mercury contaminated estuary (Ria de Aveiro,Portugal): the effect of weather events and management in mercury transport          下载免费PDF全文

J. P. Coelho  P. Pato  B. Henriques  A. Picado  A. I. Lillebø  J. M. Dias  A. C. Duarte  M. E. Pereira  M. A. Pardal 《水文研究》2014,28(2):352-360

The main aim of this research was to assess the mercury transport from an estuarine basin with a background of anthropogenic contamination during a spring tidal cycle (year 2009) and compare it with two previous tidal cycles (years 1994 and 1999), as part of a long‐term monitoring program. Results showed that effective mercury transport occurs both in the dissolved and particulate fractions (0.18 and 0.20 kg per tidal cycle, respectively), and despite an overall decrease in environmental contamination, results more than double previous findings on particulate transport in the system. These findings result essentially from changes in the tidal prism (net export of 2 million m³ of water), given that both dissolved and particulate concentrations did not increase over time. Hydrodynamic simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of physical disturbance (dredging) and weather events (increased freshwater flow) in these processes, and results suggest the increased freshwater flow into the system as the main forcing function for the mercury transport increment. These results highlight the importance of long‐term monitoring programs, since despite an overall improvement in local contamination levels, the enhancement of transport processes through hydrological changes increases environmental pressure away from the contamination source. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

非平稳标准化降水蒸散指数构建及中国未来干旱时空格局   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

温庆志  孙鹏  张强  姚蕊 《地理学报》2020,75(7):1465-1482

旱灾是一种致灾因子与成害机理均非常复杂的自然灾害,也是目前对其检测与风险防御最为困难的自然灾害种类之一。随着全球气候变化,干旱的变化逐渐趋于非平稳化,水文气象序列的非平稳性已有广泛研究,但在干旱检测指标中却鲜有考虑。基于标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）和非平稳性理论,构建非平稳性标准化降水蒸散指数（NSPEI）并进行适用性评价,利用NSPEI评估未来不同排放情景下中国气象干旱时空格局演变规律。结果表明：① 非平稳性站点集中在东北平原、黄淮海平原、长三角地区、青藏高原及周边区域,NSPEI拟合最优的站点占中国气象站点的88%（2177个站点）。② SPEI对温度较为敏感,在评估未来干旱变化时会高估干旱强度和持续时间性,而NSPEI能够克服这一弱点,较SPEI可更好的检测中国气象干旱,且能很好的刻画中国未来干旱变化。③ 低、高排放情景下中国北方干旱加剧,南方呈湿润化趋势;中排放情景下中国北方湿润化趋势明显,而中国南方则呈干旱化。基于NSPEI干旱检测结果,中高排放情景下中国未来极端干湿历时与发生频率均呈增加趋势。  相似文献   

基于MODIS积雪产品的高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王晓茹  唐志光  王建  王欣  魏俊锋 《地理学报》2020,75(3):470-484

以2001—2016年逐日MODIS积雪产品为主要数据源,在高亚洲区域发展了大尺度融雪末期雪线高度的遥感提取方法,并对其2001—2016年的时空变化特征进行了分析。提取方法首先对逐日的MODIS积雪覆盖率产品进行去云处理,获得积雪覆盖日数（SCD）数据集;并用冰川年物质平衡观测数据、融雪末期Landsat数据对提取终年积雪的MODIS SCD阈值进行率定;最后以MODIS SCD提取的终年积雪面积结合地形“面积—高程”曲线实现大尺度融雪末期雪线高度信息的提取。结果表明：① 高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度的空间异质性较强,总体上呈南高北低的纬度地带性分布规律;并因受山体效应的影响,雪线高度由高海拔地区向四周呈环形逐渐降低的特点。② 高亚洲2001—2016年融雪末期雪线高度总体上表现为明显的增加趋势。在744个30 km的监测格网中,24.2%的格网雪线高度呈显著增加,而仅0.9%的格网呈显著下降。除兴都库什、西喜马拉雅外,其他地区雪线高度均表现为升高趋势,显著上升的地区主要分布在天山、喜马拉雅中东部和念青唐古拉山等,其中以东喜马拉雅升高最为显著（8.52 m yr ^-1）。③ 夏季气温是影响高亚洲融雪末期雪线高度变化的主要因素,两者具有显著的正相关关系（R = 0.64,P < 0.01）。  相似文献