特殊建筑物雷击截收面积计算     

李京校  宋平健  李如箭  逯曦  张宇龙 《气象科技》2015,43(2):331-337

从计算雷击截收面积的逻辑关系出发,以斜坡类建筑和圆顶形建筑两类特殊建筑为例,通过建立相关模型和数学公式,分析计算应从何位置按照何扩大宽度往外偏移能准确地求出截收面积。对于单檐斜坡类建筑、重檐建筑或古塔,根据房檐到屋脊（塔尖）的水平距离和垂直距离的关系,判断出应该按房檐还是屋脊（塔尖）偏移。对于圆顶形或椭圆顶形建筑,利用建筑屋顶的数学公式,建立了到圆心中轴线距离的数学公式,并对其求导数,得到了导数为0时点的横、纵坐标,此点即为偏移点位置,同时得到了对应的扩大宽度。利用AutoCAD偏移及求面积命令得到截收面积,为防雷设计及雷电灾害风险评估中雷击截收面积的准确计算提供参考。  相似文献   

河南一次西南涡暴雨的大气排熵指数特征分析     

张霞  王新敏  高媛媛 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(1):26-33

应用耗散结构理论,基于广义相当位温构建大气排熵指数,利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站雨量资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料等,对2008年7月21—23日一次西南低涡东移造成的河南省大范围暴雨过程的大气排熵指数进行诊断分析,结果表明:大气排熵指数的演变与此次西南涡暴雨落区和雨强关系密切,暴雨落在负排熵指数中心偏南一侧,大雨以上降水分布在排熵指数负值中心轴线附近及其偏南侧;强降水开始前,排熵指数明显减小,强降水持续时间与排熵指数低值维持时间联系紧密;雨强不仅与排熵指数低值有关,且与低值维持时间、6h变化量也有密切关系。排熵指数低值中心位置和中心值的强弱变化与该个例中西南低涡中心位置和其强弱变化具有较好一致性。  相似文献   

霞浦核电基地海洋生物放射性本底水平及辐射剂量评价          下载免费PDF全文

付斌  吴春勇  余雯  何建华 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):454-461

为掌握霞浦核电基地海洋生物的放射性本底水平,在其周边50 km范围内采集5类9种海洋生物样品,测量其中的天然放射性核素238U、232Th、226Ra、40K,以及人工放射性核素137Cs、134Cs、90Sr、58Co、60Co、54Mn、110mAg、65Zn的活度浓度并进行辐射剂量评价。结果显示,所有样品中134Cs、58Co、60Co、54Mn、110mAg、65Zn的活度浓度均低于最小可探测活度浓度,238U、232Th、226Ra、40K、137Cs和90Sr的平均活度浓度分别为(0.48±0.48)、(0.86±1.20)、(0.27±0.34)、(74.3±43.0)、(0.023±0.019)、(0.242±0.167) Bq/kg,处于我国食品天然放射性本底水平内。当地公众由于食入海产品所致年有效剂量为55.1 μSv/a,其中137Cs、90Sr所致剂量分别为0.021、0.49 μSv/a;海洋生物所受辐射剂量为0.048~0.276 μSv/h。〖JP2〗当地公众及海洋生物所受辐射剂量均远低于国家标准限值或国际推荐控制值。本次调查为霞浦核电厂运行前海洋生物放射性本底建立了基线数据,并提出了今后海洋生物监测的重点核素,除137Cs、134Cs、90Sr、58Co、60Co、54Mn、110mAg、65Zn,还应增加对3H、14C、131I的监测。  相似文献   

海底双相随机介质声反射的SVM神经网络分类识别研究     

尤加春  李红星 《海洋学报》2014,36(3):134-142

考虑海底沉积介质为双相介质,为了更好地模拟实际海底底质的不均匀性,将随机介质理论引入双相介质理论。首先,通过基于随机-双相介质理论的高阶有限差分数值技术模拟计算海底底质分别为泥质砂、泥、泥质砾时的地震反射波信号。然后利用小波变换分别求取不同底质的一次反射波的包络作为其特征向量,最后利用基于粒子群智能算法优化的支持向量机神经网络对这些反射波信号进行分类识别。为了进一步考察所用方法的抗噪能力,对正演得到的海底底质反射波信号分别加入10%、30%、50%的高斯白噪音之后再进行分类,支持向量机仍然取得了较好的分类预测效果。基于上述正演模拟及分类识别方法的论证,提出了一套行之有效的微机软件模拟海底沉积物分类识别的一般化流程,这将有利于开展海底沉积物反射特征的进一步研究。  相似文献   

云贵高原地区生态系统服务价值时空变化特征北大核心CSCD     

张学鹏  张凤娇  陈伟  李广超  毕朋帅  王哲 《测绘通报》2022,(8):30-35

针对云贵高原地区在开展生态恢复工程后的生态系统服务价值(ESVs)如何变化问题,本文基于当量因子和空间自相关分析等方法,研究了云贵高原地区ESVs的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)土地利用类型转移主要是农田转为建设用地与水体。(2)在开展生态恢复工程后,生态系统得到了改善,ESVs在38年间呈先减少后增加的趋势,累计增加94.91亿元,森林的生态调节能力及产生的价值总量在2180亿元以上,最少的为荒漠,约为0.1亿元。(3)ESVs的空间分布格局表现为西南地区较高、中部较低。(4)1980—2018年ESVs表现为显著空间正相关,莫兰指数大于0.46,有明显的聚集特征。  相似文献   

渗流井取水方式在大会坪水源地的应用     

丁天生  伍高燕 《地下水》2014,(4):71-73

渗流井是一种结构较为复杂且有别于水平井及其他井孔的取水建筑物,利用河床砂砾石层的净化作用,将河水转化为地下水以获得水资源,该工程在干旱半干旱地区作用尤为显著。通过引入“等效渗透系数”,建立研究区的地下水流三维数值模型,分别模拟计算了平水期和枯水期渗流井的出水量,最终确定大会坪研究区的建议开采量为30600 m3/d。  相似文献   

Two methods for pore network of porous media     

Shengyan Gao  Jay N. Meegoda  Liming Hu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(18):1954-1970

Two approaches of generating pore networks of porous media are presented to capture the pore fabric. The first methodology extracted pore structure from a computer simulated packing of spheres. The modified Delaunay tessellation was used to describe the porous media, and modified Nelder–Mead method in conjunction with three pore‐merging algorithms was used to generate the pore size and coordination number distributions of the randomly packed spheres. The Biconical Abscissa Asymmetric CONcentric bond was used to describe the connection between two adjacent voids. This algorithm was validated by predicting pore structure of a cubic array of spheres of equal radius with known pore sizes, throat sizes and coordination number distributions. The predicted distributions of pore structure agreed well with the measured. Then, the algorithm was used to predict pore structure and permeability of randomly packed spherical particles, and predicted permeability values were compared with published experimental data. The results showed that the predicted permeability values were in good agreement with those measured, confirming the proposed algorithm can capture the main flow paths of packed beds. The second methodology generated an equivalent pore network of porous media, of which the centers of voids were located in a regular lattice with constant pore center distance. However, this network allowed for matching both main geometrical and topological characteristics of the porous media. A comparison of the two approaches suggested that the second approach can also be used as a predictive tool to quantitatively study the microscopic properties of flow through porous media. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A theory of pressure sensor performance in snow     

Jerome B. Johnson 《水文研究》2004,18(1):53-64

A theory of pressure sensor response in snow is derived and used to examine the sources of measurement errors in snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensors. Measurement errors in SWE are caused by differences in the compressibility of the pressure sensor and the adjacent snow layer, which produces a shear stress along the perimeter of the sensor. When the temperature at the base of the snow cover equals 0 °C, differences in the snowmelt rate between the snow–SWE sensor interface and the adjacent snow–soil interface may also produce a shear stress along the sensor's perimeter. This shear stress perturbs the pressure field over the sensor, producing SWE measurement errors. Snow creep acts to reduce shear stresses along the SWE sensor's perimeter at a rate that is inversely proportional to the snow viscosity. For sustained periods of differential snowmelt, a difference in the mass of snow over the sensor compared with the surrounding soil will develop, producing additional permanent errors in SWE measurements. The theory indicates that SWE pressure sensor performance can be improved by designing a sensor with a high Young's modulus (low compressibility), low aspect ratio, large diameter and thermal properties that match those of the surrounding soil. Simulations of SWE pressure sensor errors using the theory are in close agreement with observed errors and may provide a means to correct historical SWE measurements for use in hydrological hindcast or climate studies. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rapid assessment of beta dose variation inside cobbles,and implications for rock luminescence dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Variation in beta dose rate within rocks may impact the results of rock surface luminescence dating, for both the burial age of cobbles and exposure age of rock surfaces. Current methods of rock surface luminescence dating assume that radionuclides are homogeneously distributed inside rocks. In this study, two rapid methods based on beta counting and on a portable XRF instrument were developed to measure the radioactivity of rock slices. These methods were applied to rock slices from four glaciofluvial granite cobbles that had previously been used for equivalent dose determination to test whether beta dose variation could be observed. Results from beta counting and K content from XRF show similar patterns and both vary along the depth profiles, but the magnitude of this variability is very different amongst the four cobbles. In rocks where the dose rate is highly variable, bleaching may not be the only source of variation of L_n/T_n or equivalent dose (D_e) along the luminescence-depth profile of cobbles, and it may be necessary to measure the beta dose rate for every single slice to determine whether multiple bleaching events are recorded or variations in D_e are due to dose rate heterogeneity.  相似文献   

大型高精度GNSS基线向量网并行抗差估计     

崔阳  吕志平  张友阳  李林阳 《测绘学报》2015,44(5):495-502

针对大型GNSS基线向量网的特点,在改进的相关观测抗差估计RECO方案的基础上采用并行计算技术进行相关抗差估计的并行计算(简称"并行抗差估计"),并给出了可行的解算步骤。通过算例分析,验证了大型GNSS基线向量网的并行相关抗差估计,不仅有效抑制了观测异常对参数估值的影响,而且显著提高了计算效率。  相似文献