Validation of a TRMM-based global Flood Detection System in Bangladesh     

Caitlin Balthrop Moffitt  Faisal Hossain  Robert F. Adler  Koray K. Yilmaz  Harold F. Pierce 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Although the TRMM-based Flood Detection System (FDS) has been in operation in near real-time since 2006, the flood ‘detection’ capability has been validated mostly against qualitative reports in news papers and other types of media. In this study, a more quantitative validation of the FDS over Bangladesh against in situ measurements is presented. Using measured stream flow and rainfall data, the study analyzed the flood detection capability from space for three very distinct river systems in Bangladesh: (1) Ganges– a snowmelt-fed river regulated by upstream India, (2) Brahmaputra – a snow-fed river that is braided, and (3) Meghna – a rain-fed and relatively flashier river. The quantitative assessment showed that the effectiveness of the TRMM-based FDS can vary as a function of season and drainage basin characteristics. Overall, the study showed that the TRMM-based FDS has great potential for flood prone countries like Bangladesh that are faced with tremendous hurdles in transboundary flood management. The system had a high probability of detection overall, but produced increased false alarms during the monsoon period and in regulated basins (Ganges), undermining the credibility of the FDS flood warnings for these situations. For this reason, FDS users are cautioned to verify FDS estimates during the monsoon period and for regulated rivers before implementing flood management practices. Planned improvements by FDS developers involving physically-based hydrologic modeling should transform the system into a more accurate tool for near real-time decision making on flood management for ungauged river basins of the world.  相似文献   

辽河双台子构造带沙三段主要的沉积相类型与成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

耳闯 《地质学报》2011,85(6):1028-1037

沉积相研究是油气勘探、储层质量评价、盆地构造演化的基础和有力手段.本文从双台子构造带沙三段岩芯观察和描述出发,介绍了沉积物的颜色,识别了冲刷面、递变层理、块状层理、准同生变形构造等多种沉积构造,建立了砾岩相、砂岩相和泥岩相等3大类12小类的岩相组合、总结了正递变,反递变、正-反递变和非递变等4种相序.在此基础上,指出双...  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of wave propagation in the Liverpool Bay, NW England     

LI Ming  RAYMOND Ip  WOLF Judith  CHEN Xueen  BURROWS Richard 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(5):1-13

The computer model for near shore wave propagation,SWAN,was used to study wave climates in Liverpool Bay,northwest England with various input parameters,including bottom friction factor,white capping,wind drag formulation and effects of tidal modulations.Results were compared with in-situ measurements and reveal the impacts from these inputs on the predictions of wave height and propagation distributions.In particular,the model results were found very sensitive to different input formulations,and tend to underestimate the wave parameters under storm conditions in comparison with the observations.It is therefore important to further validate the model against detailed field measurements,particularly under large storms that are often of the primary concern.  相似文献   

弱凝胶体系地层流体转向技术在海上稠油油田的应用     

马奎前  蔡晖  吴小张  张宏友  何芬 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(2):65-67,74

稠油油田注水开发过程中,受不利流度比和非均质性的影响,注入水沿高渗层突进,造成油井暴性水淹,严重影响水驱开发效果。针对海上稠油油田的开发特点和存在问题,对弱凝胶体系的适用性进行了分析,对影响凝胶体系调驱的关键参数进行了优化。结果表明,原油黏度影响弱凝胶调驱效果,随着黏度的增大调驱效果有变差趋势。在含水率40％以后,注入时机越晚,调驱效果越差。注入量越大,调驱效果越好,在实际生产过程中考虑注入能力和经济因素应采取合理的注入量。先导性弱凝胶试验的成功,为海上稠油油田的稳油控水工作指明了方向。  相似文献   

2018年长江上游严重洪涝的气象水文特征     

高琦  徐明  彭涛  万蓉 《气象》2020,46(2):223-233

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及常规气象水文实况观测资料,分析了2018年6—7月长江上游严重洪涝期间的气象水文特征,结果表明：2018年长江上游洪涝期间发生了三次强降水过程,降水落区在长江上游北部地区高度重叠,引发了严重的洪涝灾害。大尺度的环流形势分析表明,中高纬低槽、副热带高压、鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压、乌拉尔山阻塞高压均较历史同期异常偏强,副热带高压的南北摆幅较大,当副热带高压每次北跳后,都会与槽后冷空气在长江上游遭遇,形成一次强降水过程。大尺度环流的“鞍”型场配置有利于孟加拉湾及南海的水汽输送到长江上游地区,并在该地区与中纬度西风带水汽辐合形成强降水。历史对比结果表明：2018年长江上游的降水具有面上强度大、北部支流降水极端性强、降水时间集中的特点。2018年长江上游北部的沱江、涪江、嘉陵江等流域在水位和超警戒时间上均高于2012年。2018年长江上游总的降水量及洪峰流量虽未超过2012年,但在长江上游北部的沱江、涪江、嘉陵江引发的洪涝灾害可超过2012年。  相似文献   

Determination and integration of appropriate spatial scales for river basin modelling     

M. J. Booij 《水文研究》2003,17(13):2581-2598

Appropriate spatial scales of dominant variables are determined and integrated into an appropriate model scale. This is done in the context of the impact of climate change on flooding in the River Meuse in Western Europe. The objective is achieved by using observed elevation, soil type, land use type and daily precipitation data from several sources and employing different relationships between scales, variable statistics and outputs. The appropriate spatial scale of a key variable is assumed to be equal to a fraction of the spatial correlation length of that variable. This fraction was determined on the basis of relationships between statistics and scale and an accepted error in the estimation of the statistic of 10%. This procedure resulted in an appropriate spatial scale for precipitation of about 20 km in an earlier study. The application to river basin variables revealed appropriate spatial scales for elevation, soil and land use of respectively 0·1, 5·3 and 3·3 km. The appropriate model scale is determined by multiplying the appropriate variable scales with their associated weights. The weights are based on SCS curve number method relationships between the peak discharge and some specific parameters like slope and curve number. The values of these parameters are dependent on the scale of each key variable. The resulting appropriate model scale is about 10 km, implying 225–250 model cells in an appropriate model of the Meuse basin meant to assess the impact of climate change on river flooding. The usefulness of the appropriateness procedure is in its ability to assess the appropriate scales of the individual key variables before model construction and integrate them in a balanced way into an appropriate model scale. Another use of the procedure is that it provides a framework for decisions about the reduction or expansion of data networks and needs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

区域气候模式水平分辨率对黄淮海流域当代气候模拟的影响          下载免费PDF全文

夏军强  陈倩  董柏良  张晓雷 《水科学进展》2021,31(6):843-854

区域气候模式是进行流域尺度气候变化研究的重要工具,其中水平分辨率对流域模拟结果的影响亟待评估。本文使用区域气候模式RegCM4,在ERA-Interim再分析资料驱动下,进行2种水平分辨率（50 km和25 km）1990-2010年东亚区域的长时间连续积分模拟。通过与观测资料的对比,评估RegCM4对黄淮海流域的模拟性能,同时分析水平分辨率对模拟结果的影响。结果表明:① 2组模拟均可以较好地再现黄淮海流域冬季、夏季平均气温和降水的空间分布,以及气温和降水的年循环变化;对极端气候事件指数的分布模拟效果也较好,且对与气温有关的极端气候事件指数模拟效果优于与降水有关的极端气候事件指数。②与观测相比,也存在一定的偏差,如模拟的冬季气温存在冷偏差,夏季气温存在暖偏差,冬季、夏季降水在大部分地区偏多等。③ 2组模拟对比来看,对冬季、夏季平均气温的量级和空间分布,25 km模拟与观测更加接近;对冬季、夏季平均降水,50 km模拟与观测的空间相关系数分别为0.86和0.44,较25 km模拟有较大提高;对极端事件,2组模拟差别不大。模拟结果可为后续此版本模式在黄淮海流域气候变化研究中的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

复合点坝侧积周期的成因分析:以密西西比河下游段为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

范洪军  王夏斌  胡光义  范廷恩  何明薇  陈飞 《古地理学报》2021,23(2):421-434

复合点坝侧积体定量成因分析是河流沉积学研究的难点之一。通过选取密西西比河下游段激光雷达数据,剖析复合点坝侧积体的内部特征,统计侧积体高程数据,发现其符合周期变化的特点。对高程数据进行傅里叶变换计算,得到复合点坝侧积周期,将侧积周期与河道规模进行拟合,两者符合线性关系,拟合度高。深入分析后,认为侧积周期受河流的季节性洪泛周期控制。研究结论为侧积体定量成因分析提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Regionalization of heavy rainfall to improve climatic design values for infrastructure: case study in Southern Ontario,Canada     

Edson Paixao  Heather Auld  M. Monirul Qader Mirza  Joan Klaassen  Mark W. Shephard 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(7):1067-1089

Abstract

Southern Ontario, Canada, has been impacted in recent years by many heavy rainfall and flooding events that have exceeded existing historical estimates of infrastructure design rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) values. These recent events and the limited number of short-duration recording raingauges have prompted the need to research the climatology of heavy rainfall events within the study area, review the existing design IDF methodologies, and evaluate alternative approaches to traditional point-based heavy rainfall IDF curves, such as regional IDF design values. The use of additional data and the regional frequency analysis methodology were explored for the study area, with the objective of validating identified clusters or homogeneous regions of extreme rainfall amounts through Ward's method. As the results illustrate, nine homogeneous regions were identified in Southern Ontario using the annual maximum series (AMS) for daily and 24-h rainfall data from climate and rate-of-rainfall or tipping bucket raingauge (TBRG) stations, respectively. In most cases, the generalized extreme value and logistic distributions were identified as the statistical distributions that provide the best fit for the 24-h and sub-daily rainfall data in the study area. A connection was observed between extreme rainfall variability, temporal scale of heavy rainfall events and location of each homogeneous region. Moreover, the analysis indicated that scaling factors cannot be used reliably to estimate sub-daily and sub-hourly values from 24- and 1-h data in Southern Ontario.

Citation Paixao, E., Auld, H., Mirza, M.M.Q., Klaassen, J. & Shephard, M.W. (2011) Regionalization of heavy rainfall to improve climatic design values for infrastructure: case study in Southern Ontario, Canada. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1067–1089.  相似文献   

An Attempt to Date the Salt-mounds in the Lop Nor Playa     

MA Lichun  TANG Qingfeng  ZHANG Qi  KONG Deyong 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):231-232

正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important  相似文献