Inter-annual variability in phytoplankton summer blooms in the freshwater tidal reaches of the Schelde estuary (Belgium)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Marie Lionard  Koenraad Muylaert  Abdel Hanoutti  Tom Maris  Michle Tackx  Wim Vyverman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):694-700

The inter-annual variability in phytoplankton summer blooms in the upper reaches of the Schelde estuary was investigated between 1996 and 2005 by monthly sampling at 10 stations. The large inter-annual variations of the chlorophyll a concentration in the freshwater tidal reaches were independent from variations in chlorophyll a in the tributary river Schelde. Summer mean chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with flushing rate (Spearman correlation: r = −0.67, p = 0.05, n = 9) but not with temperature, irradiance and suspended particulate matter or dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations. During dry summers, low flushing rates permitted the development of dense phytoplankton populations in the upper part of the estuary, while during wet summers high flushing rates prevented the development of dense phytoplankton blooms. Flushing rate was also found to be important for the phytoplankton community composition. At low flushing rates, the community was dominated by diatoms that developed within the upper estuary. At high flushing rates, chlorophytes imported from the tributary river Schelde became more important in the phytoplankton community. The position of the chlorophyll a maximum shifted from the head of the estuary when flushing rates were low, to more downstream when flushing rates were high. Although DSi concentrations tended to be lower during years of high phytoplankton (mainly diatom) biomass, the relation with flushing rate was not significant.  相似文献   

The tidal flushing of multiple-loop animal burrows     

S.F. Heron  P.V. Ridd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Tidal flushing of animal burrows in mangrove swamps provides an effective and important mechanism for transport of salt and other soluble substances. The burrows have complex morphologies consisting of multiple loops. Using established computational modelling techniques, burrow geometries were simulated from characteristic burrow dimensions and the effect of multiple loops on flushing is studied. The computational models show that flushing is enhanced in multiple-loop burrows as upper loops can be completely evacuated, increasing the volume of burrow water removed. The models indicate that there may be a depth limit to which flushing occurs in complex burrow structures. Periscope loops extend further than one characteristic loop depth and are shown to affect the flushing of burrows if the surface-water plume penetrates to their lower depth. Periscope loops with surface openings on the downstream side of the burrow, relative to the tidal inundation, most frequently experience this condition and thus have a great impact on burrow flushing. Field measurements of salinity agree with the hypothesis that there is a depth limit of flushing for complex burrows that is independent of burrow salinity, and suggest a value of 30–35 cm. The measurements also support the suggestion that significant flushing of burrows occurs within a single tidal event. An experiment considered the movement of animals across the interface created by low-salinity surface water and high-salinity burrow water after a partial flushing event. The motion enhances the effective diffusion coefficient of salt by a factor of at least 10², as compared with free diffusion of salt in water, resulting in a more even distribution of dissolved salt in the burrow water between tidal inundations. This distribution may lead to an increase in the depth to which flushing occurs during subsequent inundations.  相似文献   

Observations of wave pump efficiency     

Peter Nielsen  Paul A. GuardDavid P. Callaghan  Tom E. Baldock 《Coastal Engineering》2008

Currently available data on wave pump efficiency is reviewed. The obtainable efficiency is an important consideration in the design of practical devices for the extraction of wave energy and the analysis of natural systems (e.g., coral flats and rip currents). We find that the peak efficiency is 0.5 for very steep (∼ 40–45°) ramps where the waves break over the top of the ramp. For flatter (< 30°) ramps, the breaking process is more gradual and the peak efficiency is less than 0.1. We have identified natural atoll lagoon systems where the flushing is wave driven and successfully modeled it as driven by a wave pump. The same is the case for rip currents. For both of these natural systems, the pump efficiency is around 0.035. In addition a numerical swash model is used to estimate wave pump efficiency and is seen to match the experimental results for natural systems or breaking wave scenario.  相似文献   

MODELING UNSTEADY TURBIDITY CURRENTS IN A STEEP NARROW RESERVOIR     

Shaohua Marko HSU  Associate Professor  Dr. Department of Hydraulic Engineering  Feng Chia University  Taichung  Taiwan  China Wei-Sheng YU Environment Section  Agricultural Engineering Research Center  Chungli  Taiwan  China Tzu-Ming LIU Graduate stu 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)

1.IN~DUCTIONTurbiditycurrentisoneclassofflowsnameddensitycurrentorgravitycurrent(therHunterRouse(Yih(1980)),whichdePictstheintmsionofheaVyfluidintoalighterone.Usually,thedensitydifferencebetWeentWonuidisrelativelysmallandmixingacrosstheimerfaceoccurs.ThedrivingforceofdensitycurrentsisnotdensitydifferenceitselfbutthedifferenceinspeCmcweights.Turbiditycurrentisnamedwhenthedensitydifferenceisespeciallycausedbysuspendedfinesedimentparticles.Sincesediment-ladenflowcaninteraCtwiththelowerbou…  相似文献   

Transport timescales for identifying seasonal variation in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul A. Sandery  Jochen Kmpf 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):684

A three-dimensional σ-coordinate ocean model with realistic forcing is used to derive and compare flushing time, residence time and water age distributions in Bass Strait, a broad shallow shelf sea in south-eastern Australia which exhibits seasonal variation in water mass properties and circulation. Results illustrate flushing out of most old water occurs each winter–spring period and the circulation in summer increases age of remnant older water in the Strait. A correlation between water age and salinity is found in winter which is the result of advective “erosion” of the interior water mass. The presence of an area in the south-eastern part of the interior with low flushing is suggested to result from a number of physical factors including the presence of quasi-stationary eddies which entrain age, leading to relatively older water residing there.  相似文献   

Design of sediment detention basins: Scaled model experiments and application     

Anita Moldenhauer-Roth  Guillaume Piton  Sebastian Schwindt  Mona Jafarnejad  Anton JSchleiss 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):136-150

Sediment detention basins are implemented on mountain rivers to trap solid material that may aggravate the flooding of downstream settlements.However,retention structures built in the past may unnecessarily retain sediment during non-hazardous flood events,resulting in high maintenance costs and sediment deficit downstream.In addition,the so-called spontaneous self-flushing of previously retained sediment during floods has occasionally been observed.Recent research suggests to design sediment detention basins for controlling sediment passage with a guiding channel across the deposition area upstream of a hybrid barrier.Such barriers consist of a check dam with a slot orifice and an upstream bar screen with a bottom clearance in order to benefit from a combined mechanical-hydraulic retention control.The present paper enhances this pioneering research with the help of new experimental data,including a wide range of sediment mixtures and large wood,as well as variable barrier heights.Improved design criteria are provided regarding the bar screen and the basin storage capacity.The functionality of the enhanced concept for sediment detention is illustrated by a case study on a physical model:the protection of the Villard-Bonnot village(France)against torrential hazards.  相似文献   

PAA无固相冲洗液在水敏岩层钻进中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

裴向军 《地质找矿论丛》2001,16(2):140-142

分析了PAA无固相冲洗液对坍塌层胶结护壁的作用机理，介绍了该冲洗液在吉林镍业公司富家矿千米钻使用过程中，酸性和含水合铁离子水质对PAA冲洗配制及使用的影响及应对措施，同时，介绍了PAA无固相冲洗液强防塌性能的发挥及使用。  相似文献   

地浸采铀矿山地下水污染碱性中和清洗法治理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程军蕊  史维浚 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(3):230-234

地浸采矿方法可引起地下水环境的严重污染，文章对地下水污染过程及治理机理进行了阐明，针对地浸铀矿山的污染特点，提出了碱性中和清洗治理方法的设想，并对碱性中和清洗法治理地浸铀矿山的地下水环境污染的方法及治理效果进行了实验研究，采用水文地球化学模式PHREEQC1．6来模拟计算中和清洗液的最佳pH值，提出了对现场清洗治理具有重要意义的一个重要指标——清洗比，实验结果表明，碱性中和清洗法对治理地浸矿山的地下水污染治理效果明显．为我国地浸矿山地下水污染治理工作的开展进行了探索性研究。  相似文献   

环状河网水质模型在水污染控制规划中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曾思育  徐一剑  张天柱 《水科学进展》2004,15(2):193-196

结合一维圣维南方程及CSTR水质概念模型的机理,开发了平原环状河网非稳态水质模型,并用于温州市温瑞塘河水污染控制规划的编制中。模型由水文子模型和水质子模型两部分构成,描述了水体中COD、氨氮和DO浓度随时间、空间的动态变化。利用新开发的模型,采用试错法,估算了河网的水环境容量,并以此为基础确定了远、近期污染物排放控制目标;通过研究水质恢复的滞后性,提出可以采取引水冲污、人工曝气复氧等非常规措施来改善河网水质;并且利用情景分析方法,分别设定不同流量与不同开闸方式相组合的9种冲污情景,定量化探讨了引水冲污方案;根据曝气复氧对河网水质改善的作用特征,筛选出需要曝气复氧的重点河段和次重点河段。  相似文献   

Effects of experimental flooding on brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.): The River Spöl,Swiss National Park     

Ortlepp  Johannes  Mürle  Uta 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(3):232-238

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