土地资源约束下的北京食物供给潜力与优化(英文)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡建明  郭华  Larissa MULLER  Margaret ZHOU 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2012,3(3):269-277

全球气候变化所带来的极端天气的频繁发生,水资源短缺情况下的农业用水的不断减少和伴随着人口增长与社会经济发展所引起的耕地面积下降,正在严重影响着世界范围内的食物安全。近年来由于食品价格的迅猛增长而导致的食品危机正在引起人们对增加地方食物供应的普遍关注。城市作为对食品安全更为敏感的地区,更是首当其冲受到食品危机的影响,城市一方面由于城市化快速发展,带来城市人口膨胀和消费多样性要求,从而形成需求的大幅增加,另一方面有由于城市周边耕地面积的不断减少,农业生产空间受到压缩,农业生产能力减弱,降低了城市的自我食品供给,引起自给率明显下降。如何保持供需之间的平衡,保障城市食品安全,成为亟需研究的问题。本文提出以食物足迹的概念,来衡量城市所间接消耗的土地资源,并以此为工具,以自给率为条件,来求得满足一定自给率条件下食物供给的空间对应格局。通过分析30年来北京食物足迹以及食物自给率的年际变化,得出结论:北京食物足迹从1981年的1.18万km2增加到2010年的2.94万km2,而自给率整体下降较多,蔬菜、水果、谷物及油脂类的自给率从1981年的59.3%、35.8%、37.3% 和 13.1% 下降到2010年的39.0%、27.0%、6.7% 和2.2%,可以看出蔬菜仍能保持相当的自给率,因此提高蔬菜自给率是增强城市自给能力的最佳选择。最后,以60%的蔬菜自给率为目标,提出了两种情景,包括完全以耕地为来源的空间应对格局,以及屋顶农业参与下的空间应对格局。  相似文献   

表层岩溶泉域短时间尺度岩溶作用碳汇效应初步研究——以重庆市金佛山水房泉域为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡毅军  蒋勇军  李林立 《中国岩溶》2011,30(2):169-174

本文以水房泉表层岩溶泉域为例,通过CDTP300多参数自动水质监测仪提供的年际连续的电导率、水温、水位,利用岩溶水化学-径流量方法计算出水房泉连续两年各月的CO2吸收量和年吸收总量。计算结果显示水房泉各月CO2吸收量中6、7、8三个月吸收量较大,1、2、12月吸收量均较小;年最大CO2吸收量出现在7月份,年中最小CO2吸收量出现在1月份。水房泉各月CO2吸收量同水房泉出口月径流量和月降雨量都有很好相关性,雨季吸收量远大于旱季吸收量。泉水HCO3-含量受到气温、降水、径流量和土壤CO2含量的综合影响, HCO3-含量的最高值与月CO2吸收量的最大值在时间上存在2个月的滞后现象。相对于较大流域碳汇的估算,以小流域为对象从短时间尺度计算碳汇更加精确,而且对于流域岩溶作用碳汇过程及其控制机理的深入揭示也是非常必要的。   相似文献   

山东焦家金成矿带三维预测模型及靶区优选     

史蕊  陈建平  刘汉栋  王巧云 《现代地质》2014,28(4):743-750

为了实现焦家金成矿带资源的可持续开发利用,应用三维地质建模技术指导深部找矿工作迫在眉睫。文章从山东焦家金成矿带区域地质背景入手,全面收集研究区已有的地质、矿产、物探、化探等科研成果资料,结合前人的成矿理论研究,分析和总结有利成矿、控矿地质条件,并应用该区深部物化探信息资料,建立综合信息定量找矿模型,采用“立方体预测模型”及地质统计学方法推断深部成矿空间,实现真正意义的定位定量定概率的资源预测评价。预测结果表明,该成矿带深部找矿金资源量达842.88 t,具有较好的开发利用潜力。更重要的是,圈定了7个尚未开发的成矿有利靶区,并结合探矿工程模型,提出了具体的勘查建议,为深部找矿提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

新丰江水库供水特征及供水安全分析——以2003―2012年供河源市饮用水为例     

温美丽  张虹鸥  周霞  杨龙  方国祥 《热带地理》2014,34(4):518-526

收集广东省环保局发布的2003―2012年水库蓄水量、水质指数和供河源市的饮用水供水量,并根据逐月数据计算了逐年、月均和干湿季3指标。结果表明,新丰江水库供河源市的饮用水逐月供水量总体呈波动上升趋势,2012年年供水量是2003年的3.3倍之多;各月水质均无任何超标项目,多年平均1月水质最差,年均水质指数总的趋势是下降,水质有所好转。与干季相比,湿季水质更优,供水量更多。统计分析显示,干湿季间供水量差异极显著,水质指数差异显著,而水库蓄水量差异不显著。逐月供水量与水库蓄水量呈极显著正线性关系,与水质指数呈极显著负线性关系。而干湿季和年供水量分别与水库水质指数间的负线性关系均达到显著水平,与同期水库蓄水多寡没有显著关系。总体上近10年来新丰江水库的供水需求和供水能力在不断增加,而水库蓄水量却比较紧缺（10 a间58%的月份水库蓄水量处于紧缺或比较紧缺状态）;虽然水质很好,但流域内存在多个污染隐患（如养殖、采矿、生活污水、林业结构不合理等）。因此水库供需矛盾比较突出,供水安全存在水量和水质的双重隐患。水库供水调度中需要充分考虑供水需求规律,并采取有效措施监控流域污染,才能切实保障水库供水安全。  相似文献   

高速远程滑坡裹气流态化模型试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玉峰  程谦恭  张柯宏  仲昱全  罗忠旭 《岩土力学》2014,35(10):2775-2786

为分析高速远程滑坡运动过程中碎屑流的裹气流态化特性,以汶川地震触发的谢家店子滑坡为原型,运用自行设计的流化床试验装置,开展了一系列高速远程滑坡碎屑流裹气流态化特性的试验研究。结果表明：(1) 对于颗粒粒径变化范围广(0.1～7 mm者均有)、颗粒形状极不规则、且底部细颗粒含量高的类滑坡碎屑,其床层压降随着供风量的增加并非呈线性增长趋势,而是表现出明显的气泡控制性特征,随堆积体内部气泡和气垫层位置的不同,堆积体各部位床层压降相差较大;(2) 当供风量较低时,碎屑堆积体整体稳定性较好,在堆积体表面仅可见有限气体逸散孔的分布;当供风量达到一定值后,堆积体内部流态化特性增强,可见砂质密云、气孔、纵向脊等一系列与高速远程滑坡实例中相类似现象的出现;(3) 对于滑坡类不规则颗粒,其间容易形成架桥现象,增强碎屑流整体稳定性,使气流不易扩散,在堆积体下方形成高压气垫层,产生空气擎托现象。  相似文献   

Food sources of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in intertidal areas: evidence from stable isotope analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵力强  闫喜武  杨凤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(4):782-788

Based on stable isotope analysis, we characterized the dietary regime of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum inhabiting intertidal areas along the Liaodong Peninsula, Northern China. Samples, including particulate organic matter (POM; n =30), benthic microalgae (BMI; n =30) and R. philippinarum (n =60), were collected from six sampling sites displaying the same ecological conditions. Of the two primary food sources, POM was more depleted in δ ¹³C (?20.61‰ to ?22.89‰) than BMI was (?13.90‰ to ?16.66‰). With respect to ¹⁵N, BMI was more enriched (2.90‰ to 4.07‰) than POM was (4.13‰ to 5.12‰). The δ ¹³C values of R. philippinarum ranged from ?18.78‰ to ?19.35‰ and the δ ¹⁵N values from 7.96‰ to 8.63‰, which were intermediate between the POM and BMI values. In a two-source isotope mixing model, we estimated the relative contributions of POM and BMI to the diet of R. philippinarum to be 74.2% and 25.8%, respectively. We conclude that R. philippinarum feeds mainly on POM, and BMI is also an important supplemental food source in intertidal areas.  相似文献   

Soil degradation and food security coupled with global climate change in northeastern China   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

GONG Huili  MENG Dan  LI Xiaojuan  ZHU Feng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(5):562-573

The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices give rise to soil degradation in the region.This study analyzed the food security issues coupled with global climate change in the northeastern China during 1980–2000,which is the period of modern agriculture.The results of statistical data show that the arable land area shrank markedly in 1992,and then increased slowly,while food production generally continually increased.The stable grain yield was due to the increase of applied fertilizer and irrigated areas.Soil degradation in the northeastern China includes severe soil erosion,reduced soil nutrients,a thinner black soil layer,and deterioration of soil physical properties.The sustainable development of the northeastern China is influenced by natural-artificial binary disturbance factors which consist of meteorological conditions,climate changes,and terrain factors as well as soil physical and chemical properties.Interactions between the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation in the region led to reduced accumulation of soil organic matter,which results in poor soil fertility.Human-induced factors,such as large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices,unsuitable cultivation systems,dredging,road building,illegal land occupation,and extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides,have led to increasingly severe soil erosion and destruction.Solutions to several problems of soil degradation in this region requiring urgent settlement are proposed.A need for clear and systematic recognition and recording of land use changes,land degradation,food production and climate change conditions is suggested,which would provide a reference for food security studies in the northeastern China.  相似文献   

Reproductive cycle and seasonal variations in lipid content and fatty acid composition in gonad of the cockle Fulvia mutica in relation to temperature and food     

LIU Wenguang  LI Qi  KONG Lingfeng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(3):427-433

From March 2004 to February 2005,seasonal variations in lipid content and fatty acid composition of gonad of the cockle Fulvia mutica(Reeve) were studied on the eastern coast of China in relation to the reproductive cycle and environment conditions(e.g.,temperature and food availability).Histological analysis as well as lipid and fatty acid analyses were performed on neutral and polar lipids of the gonad.Results showed that gametogenesis occurred in winter and spring at the expense of lipids previously accumulated in summer and autumn,whereas spawning occurred in summer(20.4-24.6℃).The seasonal variation in lipid content was similar to that of the mean oocyte diameter.In both neutral and polar lipids,the 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 levels were relatively higher than saturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids were abundant,with series n-3 as the predominant component.Seasonal variations in the 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 levels and the principal n-3 fatty acids were clearly related to the reproductive cycle.The ∑(n-3) and ∑(n-6) values were relatively high during January-May,and the associated unsaturation index was significantly higher than that in other months.The results suggest that fatty acids play an important role in the gametogenesis of F.mutica.  相似文献   

基于信息量模型的涪陵区地质灾害易发性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谭玉敏  郭栋  白冰心  许波 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(12):1554-1562

本文以重庆涪陵区为研究区域,选取坡度、坡向、累计汇水面积、地层岩性、水域、降雨量、植被和土地利用分类8个影响因子,提取高分一号遥感数据（2013.12.24）动态影响因子,引入信息量模型,分别计算上述影响因子对应的信息量,对该时期示范区的地质灾害危险性进行评价,并引入ROC曲线和AUC评价指标,对得到的区域地质灾害易发性评价结果进行精度评估。结果显示,2013年12月研究区内高易发区面积占总面积的9.73%,该易发区内含有104个地质灾害点,占所有灾害点的52.7%,灾积比为5.42,明显大于其他易发等级类别。利用ROC评价方法,计算成功率曲线AUC为0.796,预测率曲线AUC为0.748（74.8%）,具有较高的可靠性,证明本文方法在该区域地质灾害易发性评价的适应性良好。  相似文献   

深圳沿岸海域贝类重金属和贝类毒素污染状况分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙冉  王舟 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(4):575-579

通过检测深圳沿岸海域7种贝类的重金属、麻痹性贝毒(PSP)和腹泻性贝毒(DSP)含量,了解其食用安全性.严格按照国家标准进行检测,采用SPSS 20.0对数据进行Kruskal-Wallis H检验和方差分析.结果表明:各种重金属和贝类毒素在样品中均有检出,汞污染状况良好;铜含量范围为0.52~109.65 mg/kg,超标率为13.67%;铅含量范围为0.01~3.60 mg/kg,超标率为68.35%;镉含量范围为0.015~7.807 mg/kg,超标率为53.96%.PSP和DSP检出率为100%,PSP含量范围为0.30~34.23 ug/100 g;DSP含量范围为1.88~38.41 ug/100 g.总体看来,样品铅、镉超标严重,不同种类贝类重金属含量具有差异且贝类毒素检出率较高,应引起有关部门的重视,加强该海域监测工作.  相似文献