波浪作用下的床面摩阻系数     

张庆河  曹永华等 《海洋工程》2002,20(4):68-71

波浪作用下床面摩阻系数对于波浪变形和床面剪应力的准确计算,乃至海岸泥沙运动的合理描述具有重要意义。在收集大量波浪边界层和床面剪应力测量数据的基础上,建立了波浪作用下光滑和粗糙紊流边界层床面摩阻系数的显式计算公式,并进一步建立了可涵盖波浪边界层所有流态的摩阻系数显式计算公式,该公式具有不需迭代、不需判断流态、应用方便的特点。  相似文献   

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Laterally Loaded Piles in Multiple Layered Foundation   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Lu Ziai Associate Professor  Dept. of Navigation  Ocean Engineering  Hohai University  Nanjing 《中国海洋工程》1997,(4)

-According to the field test data of laterally loaded steel piles at home and abroad,an empiri-cal formula for evaluating the modulus of subgrade reaction under static load in layered soil is proposed.The suggested formula takes account of not only non-linearity of K_s with the depth but also its variationwith the load.It is shown that the computed bending moments along the pile shaft and the deflection atthe pile top are consistent with the measured ones.  相似文献   

桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐剑峰  冯秀丽  林霖  李安龙  杨少丽  周松望  刘涛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(6):949-955

在阅读、分析以往的有关资料的基础上 ,结合实际的试验条件 ,对桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验作出了专门设计。该设计通过配土、设计模型桶基和负压沉贯的操作过程、设置孔压传感器等实验手段 ,努力从土体破坏的角度 ,寻求负压沉贯过程中沉贯负压、沉贯阻力及孔隙水压力之间的变化关系和确定桶基的上拔力。并且指出了数据处理的基本思路 ,以利于课题的深入研究。  相似文献   

Evaluation of excavation‐induced relaxation and its application to an arch dam foundation     

S. H. Chen  G. J. Wang  H. Zhou  W. M. Wang  L. C. Zou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(2):166-181

Based on the damage mechanism of rock during excavation, the maximum tensile strain criterion for pinpointing relaxation region or excavation‐disturbed (damage) zone (EDZ) is introduced. To simulate the deformation and stress redistribution caused by the deterioration of the deformation and strength parameters in the EDZ, the ‘restraint‐relaxation’ finite element algorithm is formulated using the deformation and strength parameters of pre‐and post‐relaxation. The Xiaowan arch dam project (292 m high) is studied by the proposed method, in which the permissible tensile strain and fluidity parameter are evaluated using back analysis. The computation results have good agreement with the field monitoring. An important inference from the study is the necessity of considering the relaxation effects on the dam/foundation system during the construction and operation period. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating fine sediment mobilization and storage in a gravel‐bed river using controlled reservoir releases     

E. L. Petticrew  A. Krein  D. E. Walling 《水文研究》2007,21(2):198-210

Two controlled flow events were generated by releasing water from a reservoir into the Olewiger Bach, located near Trier, Germany. This controlled release of near bank‐full flows allowed an investigation of the fine sediment (<63 µm) mobilized from channel storage. Both a winter (November) and a summer (June) release event were generated, each having very different antecedent flow conditions. The characteristics of the release hydrographs and the associated sediment transport indicated a reverse hysteresis with more mass, but smaller grain sizes, moving on the falling limb. Fine sediment stored to a depth of 10 cm in the gravels decreased following the release events, indicating the dynamic nature and importance of channel‐stored sediments as source materials during high flow events. Sediment traps, filled with clean natural gravel, were buried in riffles before the release of the reservoir water and the total mass of fine sediment collected by the traps was measured following the events. Twice the mass of fine sediment was retained by the gravel traps compared with the natural gravels, which may be due to their altered porosity. Although the amount of fine sediment collected by the traps was not significantly related to measures of gravel structure, it was found to be significantly correlated to measures of local flow velocity and Froude number. A portion of the traps were fitted with lids to restrict surface exchange of water and sediment. These collected the highest amounts of event‐mobilized sediments, indicating that inter‐gravel lateral flows, not just surface infiltration of sediments, are important in replenishing and redistributing the channel‐stored fines. These findings regarding the magnitude and direction of fine sediment movement in gravel beds are significant in both a geomorphic and a biological context. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of All-Weather and Real-Time Bottom-Mounted Monitor of Bed Load Quantity     

窦希萍  左其华  应强  黄海龙 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):807-814

Quantity of bed load is an important physical parameter in sediment transport research. Aiming at the difficulties in the bed load measurement, this paper develops a bottom-mounted monitor to measure the bed load transport rate by adopting the sedimentation pit method and resolving such key problems as weighing and desilting, which can achieve long-time, all-weather and real-time telemeasurement of the bed load transport rate of plain rivers, estuaries and coasts. Both laboratory and field tests show that this monitor is reasonable in design, stable in properties and convenient in measurement, and it can be used to monitor the bed load transport rate in practical projects.  相似文献   

Forced vertical and horizontal movements of a rectangular rigid foundation on a transversely isotropic half‐space     

Morteza Eskandari‐Ghadi  Azizollah Ardeshir‐Behrestaghi  Ronald Y. S. Pak  Mostafa Karimi  Masoud Momeni‐Badeleh 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(14):2301-2320

An analytical investigation of a half‐space containing transversely isotropic material under forced vertical and horizontal displacements applied on a rectangular rigid foundation is presented in this paper. With the goal of a rigorous solution to the shape‐ and rigidity‐ induced singular mixed boundary value problem, the formulation employs scalar potential representation, the Fourier expansion and the Hankel integral transforms method to obtain the surface arbitrary point‐load solution in cylindrical coordinate system. The obtained Green's functions are rewritten in rectangular coordinate system, allowing the response of the half‐space because of an arbitrary distributed load on a rectangular surface area be given in terms of a double integral. The numerical evaluations of stresses are done with the use of an element, which is singular at the edge and the corner of the rectangle. Upon the imposition of the rigidity displacement boundary condition for a rigid foundation and the use of a set of two‐dimensional adaptive‐gradient elements, which can capture the singular behavior in the contact stress effectively, a set of new numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of transverse isotropy on the foundation response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于广义Winkler弹性地基梁理论的梯形渠道冻胀力学模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

龚嘉玮  王正中  江浩源  梁爽  郑艾磊  陆立国 《冰川冻土》2022,44(5):1593-1605

寒区渠道衬砌冻胀破坏现象普遍,而渠道的防冻工程设计大多依赖工程实践经验和定性认识,具有一定的随意性和盲目性,对衬砌结构所受的冻胀力计算缺乏简明、合理的方法。考虑冻土与衬砌的相互作用和冻土地基的连续性,基于广义Winkler地基梁理论并结合有限差分法,推导了渠道衬砌板冻胀挠曲线微分方程,建立了梯形渠道冻胀力学模型,给出了衬砌渠道法向冻胀力及切向冻结力的计算方法。同时,考虑渠道衬砌冻胀破坏的极限承载力以及冻胀过程中坡脚上抬位移对实际冻胀力的削减和释放效应,避免了冻胀力及衬砌结构内力计算值过大。为验证模型的合理性,以甘肃省靖会总干渠梯形渠道为研究对象,对其进行冻胀破坏计算。结果表明：模型由于考虑了衬砌结构与冻土间的相互作用,渠道衬砌板法向冻胀力呈非线性分布,修正了工程力学模型线性分布假设;与工程力学模型相比,冻胀力数值在坡脚处增大、跨中减小、底板上增大,计算结果更符合工程实际。研究提出的冻胀力学模型科学合理,简便快捷,具有更好的通用性,可为寒区渠道的抗冻胀设计提供参考。  相似文献   

中密风积沙地层金属装配式基础抗拔模型试验与承载力改进计算方法     

肖飞  孔令伟  刘观仕  冯衡  董义义  曾二贤 《岩土力学》2022,(1):65-75

金属装配式基础因施工方便与综合造价低而被越来越多地应用于风积沙地区输电线路基础工程。针对中密风积沙开展全模和半模抗拔模型试验,研究了不同深宽比下基础的上拔荷载-位移特性和抗拔破坏模式。结果表明,抗拔荷载-位移关系曲线随着基础深宽比λ变化而改变。当λ=1.0时,曲线呈缓变型;当λ=2.0～5.0时,曲线呈软化型。随着λ的增大,抗拔拔承载力随之增大。在加载过程中,地表以基础顶部为中心逐渐形成近似为圆形的隆起区域,隆起程度随着上拔位移增大而不断增加,最终形成整体破坏,此时滑动面贯穿地表;通过半模试验观测的上拔土体滑动面子午线可用直线方程近似描述,且抗拔角随着λ的增大而减小。根据上述试验结果,基于Veesaert滑动面摩擦强度理论和极限平衡原理,提出了金属装配式基础的抗拔承载力改进计算方法,计算结果相较于土重法和剪切法更接近试验值,且离散程度更小。  相似文献   

超大型离心机基础自振特性研究     

王鸿振  张春生  黄维  郭德昌  蒋建群 《岩土力学》2022,43(7):1942-1950

某超大型离心机基础埋置于复杂软土地基中,自振特性研究十分关键。分别建立离心机基础的等效土弹簧模型和实体地基模型,对比分析不同地基模拟方法下的模态分析结果;开展基于白噪声激励的动力时程分析,分析地基参振质量对自振特性的影响。结果表明：超大型离心机基础前两阶模态振型分别为水平横向和纵向的摆动;基于不同的地基模拟方法计算得到的振型结果一致,自振频率相差在10%以内;超大型离心机基础结构的前两阶地基参振质量分别为1.376倍和0.998倍的基础总质量,地基参振质量使得结构的振动响应幅值下降50%左右,频谱峰值频率减小约2 Hz。结论对大型埋置式动力机器基础的自振特性研究具有指导和参考意义。  相似文献