Dimensional analysis of the earthquake‐induced pounding between adjacent structures     

Elias Dimitrakopoulos  Nicos Makris  Andreas J. Kappos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(7):867-886

In this paper the dynamic response of two and three pounding oscillators subjected to pulse‐type excitations is revisited with dimensional analysis. Using Buckingham's Π‐theorem the number of variables that govern the response of the system is reduced by three. When the response is presented in the dimensionless Π‐terms remarkable order emerges. It is shown that regardless of the acceleration level and duration of the pulse all response spectra become self‐similar and follow a single master curve. This is true despite the realization of finite duration contacts with increasing durations as the excitation level increases. All physically realizable contacts (impacts, continuous contacts, and detachments) are captured via a linear complementarity approach. The study confirms the existence of three spectral regions. The response of the most flexible among the two oscillators amplifies in the low range of the frequency spectrum (flexible structures); whereas, the response of the most stiff among the two oscillators amplifies at the upper range of the frequency spectrum (stiff structures). Most importantly, the study shows that pounding structures such as colliding buildings or interacting bridge segments may be most vulnerable for excitations with frequencies very different from their natural eigenfrequencies. Finally, by applying the concept of intermediate asymptotics, the study unveils that the dimensionless response of two pounding oscillators follows a scaling law with respect to the mass ratio, or in mathematical terms, that the response exhibits an incomplete self‐similarity or self‐similarity of the second kind with respect to the mass ratio. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Decentralized ℋ︁∞ controller design for large‐scale civil structures     

Yang Wang  Jerome P. Lynch  Kincho H. Law 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(3):377-401

Complexities inherent to large‐scale modern civil structures pose many challenges in the design of feedback structural control systems for dynamic response mitigation. With the emergence of low‐cost sensors and control devices creating technologies from which large‐scale structural control systems can deploy, a future control system may contain hundreds, or even thousands, of such devices. Key issues in such large‐scale structural control systems include reduced system reliability, increasing communication requirements, and longer latencies in the feedback loop. To effectively address these issues, decentralized control strategies provide promising solutions that allow control systems to operate at high nodal counts. This paper examines the feasibility of designing a decentralized controller that minimizes the ??_∞ norm of the closed‐loop system. ??_∞ control is a natural choice for decentralization because imposition of decentralized architectures is easy to achieve when posing the controller design using linear matrix inequalities. Decentralized control solutions are investigated for both continuous‐time and discrete‐time ??_∞ formulations. Numerical simulation results using a 3‐story and a 20‐story structure illustrate the feasibility of the different decentralized control strategies. The results also demonstrate that when realistic semi‐active control devices are used in combination with the decentralized ??_∞ control solution, better performance can be gained over the passive control cases. It is shown that decentralized control strategies may provide equivalent or better control performance, given that their centralized counterparts could suffer from longer sampling periods due to communication and computation constraints. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the evaluation of seismic response of structures by nonlinear static methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Melina Bosco  Aurelio Ghersi  Edoardo M. Marino 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(13):1465-1482

In the most recent seismic codes, the assessment of the seismic response of structures may be carried out by comparing the displacement capacity, provided by nonlinear static analysis, with the displacement demand. In many cases the code approach is based on the N2 method proposed by Fajfar, which evaluates the displacement demand by defining, as an intermediate step, a single degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system equivalent to the examined structure. Other codes suggest simpler approaches, which do not require equivalent SDOF systems, but they give slightly different estimation of the seismic displacement demand. The paper points out the differences between the methods and suggests an operative approach that provides the same accuracy as the N2 method without requiring the evaluation of an equivalent SDOF system. A wide parametric investigation allows an accurate comparison of the different methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed operative approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近地空中爆炸作用下钢框架结构冲击响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张秀华  段忠东  张春巍 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(4)

采用多物质欧拉与拉格朗日耦合算法,对框架结构和混凝土地面采用Lagrange单元、空气和炸药采用多物质ALE单元,建立流固耦合有限元模型,对一个五层的钢框架结构在近地爆炸作用下冲击压力波的传播过程、结构冲击响应和变形以及破坏过程进行了数值模拟.数值模拟分析结果表明,拉格朗日-欧拉耦合算法较好地模拟了爆炸冲击波在介质中的传播和作用在结构上的爆炸荷载效应.在爆炸近区,空气爆炸冲击波的衰减速率快;爆炸产生强烈的冲击波首先使钢框架结构正面的柱和梁柱节点区产生很大的塑性变形,钢框架柱在发生爆炸的瞬间失去承载能力,最终导致建筑物整体倒塌.考虑结构变形和流体荷载间的相互影响可以较真实地模拟结构在爆炸荷载作用下的连续倒塌过程,为研究结构在爆炸荷载作用下的连续倒塌提供了有效手段.  相似文献   

型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙抗震性能试验研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李一松  李国强  崔大光 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(4)

剪力墙构件是现代高层建筑结构中的主要抗侧向力构件.为了对比型钢桁架混凝土组合低矮剪力墙与型钢框架混凝土组合低矮剪力墙以及普通钢筋混凝土低矮剪力墙在地震作用下的抗震性能,本文进行了四榀1/4缩尺模型的低矮混凝土剪力墙在单调和低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验,其中单调加载试验包括一榀内置型钢桁架的型钢混凝土组合低矮剪力墙,反复加载试验包括一榀普通钢筋混凝土低矮剪力墙、一榀内置型钢框架的型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙和一榀内置型钢桁架的型钢混凝土低矮剪力墙,给出了各试件的刚度、承载力、变形、延性和破坏形态等试验结果,并对其进行分析.试验结果表明,在这三种墙体中,型钢桁架混凝土组合低矮剪力墙的承载力、变形能力、耗能能力较其他类型剪力墙好,并为型钢桁架混凝土组合低矮剪力墙在实际中的应用提供了试验依据.  相似文献   

蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑廷银  沈宁  陈志军  毛志伟  姚楠 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(4)

为了考察轴压比对蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的影响,本文进行了3根不同轴压比的蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱的低周往复水平荷载试验,研究了该L形柱的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性、黏滞阻尼系数等抗震性能.研究表明:蜂窝状钢骨能增强钢骨与混凝土间的黏结能力,提高其协同工作与整体受力性能.蜂窝状钢骨的存在,延缓了L形柱的刚度退化,提高了延性,增强了结构的耗能能力及抗震性能.轴压比对该新型构件的破坏形态及抗震性能影响明显.随着轴压比的增大,构件的破坏形态由类似于剪切破坏向轴压破坏形态转变.轴压比越大,构件的极限承载力越大,但延性与黏滞阻尼系数越小,耗能能力越低,抗震性能越差.研究还发现,该新型构件的正、反方向承载力及延性有所差别.  相似文献   

岩浆岩和变质岩边坡岩体结构类型的划分     

胡厚田  赵志明 《地震学刊》2009,(3):277-281

在研究岩浆岩和变质岩特点的基础上,根据岩浆岩岩体结构体的大小、有无缓倾的结构面及岩浆岩散粒状边坡岩体的特征,将岩浆岩边坡岩体结构划分为4大类7个亚类;根据部分正变质岩边坡岩体结构与岩浆岩边坡岩体结构类似,部分副变质岩中发育的板理、千枚理、片理类似沉积岩中的层理,以及边坡岩体具有似层状岩体结构的特征,把变质岩边坡岩体的结构划分为5大类11个亚类。岩体结构的划分为边坡稳定性研究、边坡病害治理及其工程效果评价提供了依据。  相似文献   

紫下大桥安全检测与评价方法研究     

邓洪亮  石保同 《地震学刊》2009,(1):92-97

钢桥因具有跨径大、承载能力强、施工工期短等特点,被世界各国广泛采用,但在使用过程中,由于重载甚至超载车辆的反复作用、自然灾害的侵袭及交通事故等人为因素的作用,经常造成桥梁损伤和局部破坏,导致桥梁承载能力和耐久性的降低,甚至影响到运营的安全。本文建立了钢拱桥的健康检测和安全评价方法,采用防腐涂层厚度测定、结合强度测定、无损探伤和动静载荷试验等手段对紫下大桥健康状况进行了检测,采用不确定层次分析法对大桥进行了安全评价,提出了处理意见和措施,为既有钢拱桥的健康检测、评价和维护积累了有益的资料。  相似文献   

基于黏滞液体阻尼器的铁路钢桁梁桥减震研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张永亮  陈兴冲  吴海燕 《世界地震工程》2009,25(4)

以某高墩大跨度铁路简支钢桁梁桥为实际工程背景,研究了黏滞液体阻尼器对结构纵向抗震性能的影响.采用非线性时程分析方法,对黏滞液体阻尼器的相关参数及布置位置进行了优化分析.分析结果表明:合理选择黏滞液体阻尼器的布置位置、个数及阻尼参数,高墩大跨铁路简支钢桁梁桥具有明显的减震效果.  相似文献   

Shaking table tests of steel frame with superelastic Cu–Al–Mn SMA tension braces          下载免费PDF全文

Yoshikazu Araki  Kshitij C. Shrestha  Nao Maekawa  Yuji Koetaka  Toshihiro Omori  Ryosuke Kainuma 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(2):297-314

Shaking table tests are performed on a one‐bay one‐story steel frame with superelastic Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) tension braces. The frame is subjected to a series of scaled ground motions recorded during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan. The test results demonstrate that the SMA braces are effective to prevent residual deformations and pinching. It is also shown that the time history responses observed from the shaking table tests agree well with the numerical predictions using a rate‐independent piecewise‐linear constitutive model calibrated to the quasi‐static component tests of the SMA braces. This suggests that the loading rate dependence of Cu–Al–Mn SMAs as well as the modeling error due to the piecewise linear approximation can be neglected in capturing the global response of the steel frame. Numerical simulations under a suite of near‐fault ground motion records are further performed using the calibrated analytical models to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SMA braces when the variability of near‐fault ground motions is taken into account. A stopper, or a deformation restraining device, is also proposed to prevent premature fracture of SMA bars in unexpectedly large ground motions while keeping the self‐centering capability in moderate to large ground motions. The effectiveness of the stopper is also demonstrated in the quasi‐static component and shaking table tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献