Soil Seed Banks and Forest Succession Direction Reflect Soil Quality in Ziwuling Mountain,Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jimin Cheng  Jie Cheng  Hongbo Shao  Lingping Zhao  Xiaomei Yang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(2):140-147

The paper presents a study by taking the soil seed banks and vegetation successions of the forests in Ziwuling Mountain as indicators to analyze the effects of the ages, and the litter layers and soil depths at growing locations in seven types of forest communities on their seed bank formations and soil quality. The results showed that the seed banks at different growing locations in the communities increased in the order of upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope; the seed storages of the seed banks in the different layers of the communities varied, much more higher in the litter layers than in 0–15 cm, and the seed storages of the seed banks in the seven types of forest communities ranked in the increasing order of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Pinus shenkaneusis forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest, Populus davidiana forest, Betula platyphylla forest, scrub communities, and grassland communities; in the meantime, the seed storage of seed banks peaked in 30–50 years old P. shenkaneusis forest, 30–40 years old P. tabulaeformis forest, 15–30 years old Q. liaotungensis, and P. davidiana and B. platyphylla forests, and 10–15 years old scrub and grassland communities, and the ages of the communities varied with the seed storages of the seed banks in a significantly correlative manner following a fitted exponential equation. In addition, the soil seed banks of the seven types of communities consisted of rich and diverse species with the herbaceous and shrub species greatly outnumbering the arbor species; in general, the coniferous forests were composed of 31 kinds of plants, the deciduous and broadleaf forests consisted of 20–29 plant species, the shrubs contained 27 plant species, and the herbaceous plants numbered 20 plant species; The various species compositions contained only 4–6 arbor species with most being foreign species. In each of the compositions, Bothriochloa ischemum was the grassland plant with the highest occurrence frequency, Sophora viciifolia and Hippophae reamnoides were the shrub plants with the highest occurrence frequencies, and Q. liaotungensis was the arbor plant with the highest occurrence frequency, and they followed by P. shenkaneusis and P. tabulaeformis. These results showed that soil seed banks and forest successions are better indicators for soil quality from natural successions.  相似文献   

大兴安岭地区三叠系划分与对比   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨雅军  张立东  张立君  周国民  庞雪娇 《地质与资源》2012,21(1):67-73

厘定后的大兴安岭中南部地区老龙头组以红杂色沉积岩为主,夹或不夹中酸性火山岩层,含早三叠世Calamospora-Lundbladispora-Alisporites和Verrucosisporites-Lundbladispora-Chordasporites孢粉组合,Huanghestheria-Cornia-Palaeolimnadia叶肢介组合以及Darwinula triassiana-D. rotundata介形类组合.大兴安岭中北部地区以安山岩为主的哈达陶勒盖组整合在老龙头组之上,据此将该区下三叠统自下而上分为老龙头组和哈达陶勒盖组.原下侏罗统或上三叠统-下侏罗统东宫组自下而上分为一段和二段,根据一段同位素平均年龄为208.97 Ma（K-Ar法）,并被二段（相当于下侏罗统查伊河组）平行不整合覆盖,将第一段单独划为东宫组,时代属于晚三叠世.  相似文献   

夏季江苏近海水文化学要素特征及其对沿岸水东北向扩展的指示   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韦钦胜  葛人峰  李艳  范士亮  傅明珠 《海洋学报》2012,34(5):197-204

  相似文献   

A review of EU bio-economic models for fisheries: The value of a diversity of models     

Raúl Prellezo  Paolo AccadiaJesper L. Andersen  Bo S. AndersenErik Buisman  Alyson LittleJ. Rasmus Nielsen  Jan Jaap PoosJeff Powell  Christine Röckmann 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):423-431

The lessons learned from a review of thirteen existing European bio-economic models used in the evaluation of EU policies are presented. How these models compare and differ in terms of their biological and economic components, the integration between the components, which indicators are selected and how they are used, are described and analysed. The article concludes that the multitude of construction differences reflects the necessity of adapting the modelling approach to answer different questions. Since real life questions in fisheries are so diverse, answering them requires a diversity of models.  相似文献   

济阳坳陷陡坡带油气富集特征     

尹丽娟 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(1):45-48

依据构造样式和沉积特征将济阳坳陷陡坡带分为板式、铲式、断阶式、坡坪式4种类型。断阶式和坡坪式陡坡带砂砾岩扇体类型多,成藏条件优越,各类油气藏发育完全,在纵向上组成较完整的油气藏序列。板式和铲式陡坡带砂砾岩扇体主要为近岸水下扇,其次为扇三角洲,油气藏类型单一,在纵向上油气藏序列发育也不完整。此外,板式陡坡带由于断裂不发育,沉积相带窄,油气相对贫瘠。油气在断阶式中最为富集,其次为坡坪式和板式,铲式相对贫乏。  相似文献   

Estimation of regional evapotranspiration in alpine area and its response to land use change: A case study in Three-River Headwaters region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huixia Li  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(4):437-449

Three-River Headwaters(TRH) region involved in this paper refers to the source region of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River,the Huanghe(Yellow) River and the Lancang River in China.Taking the TRH region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case,the annual evapotranspiration(ET) model developed by Zhang et al.(2001) was applied to evaluate mean annual ET in the alpine area,and the response of annual ET to land use change was analyzed.The plant-available water coefficient(w) of Zhang’s model was revised by using vegetation-temperature condition index(VTCI) before annual ET was calculated in alpine area.The future land use scenario,an input of ET model,was spatially simulated by using the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent(CLUE-S) to study the response of ET to land use change.Results show that the relative errors between the simulated ET and that calculated by using water balance equation were 3.81% and the index of agreement was 0.69.This indicates that Zhang’s ET model based on revised plant-available water coefficient is a scientific and practical tool to estimate the annual ET in the alpine area.The annual ET in 2000 in the study area was 221.2 mm,11.6 mm more than that in 1980.Average annual ET decreased from southeast to northwest,but the change of annual ET between 1980 and 2000 increased from southeast to northwest.As a vast and sparsely populated area,the population in the TRH region was extremely unbalanced and land use change was concentrated in very small regions.Thus,land use change had little effect on total annual ET in the study area but a great impact on its spatial distribution,and the effect of land use change on ET decreased with increasing precipitation.ET was most sensitive to the interconversion between forest and unused land,and was least sensitive to the interconversion between cropland and low-covered grassland.  相似文献   

全球及中国周边地区资源环境科学数据库构建     

江东  黄耀欢  庄大方 《地球信息科学学报》2012,14(5):592-598

 全球及中国周边地区资源环境科学数据是支撑包括全球变化在内的资源环境前沿科学研究,以及我国宏观决策制定重要的基础性支撑数据,对于保障国家安全具有重要意义。针对现阶段尚无一套完整的、标准化的全球及中国周边地区资源环境科学数据库的现状,结合中国科学院 "资源环境科学数据库建设与决策支持研究"实践工作,本文构建了包括3大体系在内的全球及中国周边地区资源环境科学数据库的基本框架,即资源环境科学数据库标准规范体系结构、全球资源环境科学数据库系统、中国周边资源环境科学数据库系统。其中,资源环境科学数据库标准规范体系结构,包括3个大类共计22类标准规范;全球资源环境科学数据库系统包括2大类、13亚类、35个小类的数据库;中国周边地区资源环境科学数据库由东北亚、东南亚、南亚和中亚4个区域共计23小类数据库构成,以期为后续相关大尺度资源环境科学数据库的构建提供探索性的借鉴。今后将进一步完善全球及中国周边地区资源环境科学数据库构建工作的深化与拓展研究。  相似文献   

过去150 年长三角地区的春季物候变化   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

郑景云  葛全胜  郝志新  仲舒颖  马翔  张学珍 《地理学报》2012,67(1):45-52

利用中国历史日记中的长三角地区春季物候记录,重建了该地区1834 年以来的春季物候期变化序列,同时结合气温观测资料分析了该序列对温度变化的指示意义。主要结论有：(1) 1834-1893 年,长三角地区春季物候在波动中逐渐推迟,但19 世纪末起突然出现大幅提前;1900-1990 年以年代际波动为主要特征,1990-2010 年又再次出现大幅提前;1834 年以来,该地区春季物候最迟的年份为1893 年,最早的年份为2007 年,分别较1977-1996 年平均推迟27 天和提早17 天。(2) 长三角地区的春季物候期变化与该地区上年12 月-当年3 月及当年1-3 月气温变化的相关系数分别超过-0.75、-0.80,可很好地指示该地区的冬季与初春(特别是1-3 月) 气温变化;这为进一步集成多种代用资料重建历史时期的中国温度变化提供了重要数据基础和依据。  相似文献   

中国传统农区过去300年耕地重建结果的对比分析   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

何凡能  李士成  张学珍  葛全胜  戴君虎 《地理学报》2012,67(9):1190-1200

土地覆被变化是气候与生态效应模拟研究的重要参量。SAGE和HYDE两个全球历史土地利用数据集在相关研究中得到广泛应用, 但在区域尺度上的应用, 其可靠性如何, 至今少有论及。以我国学者重建的传统农区历史耕地数据集(CHCD) 为基础, 从全区、省区和网格(60 km×60 km) 三个空间尺度, 对SAGE (2010) 和HYDE3.1 数据集中有关中国传统农区历史耕地重建结果进行对比分析, 结果表明:(1) SAGE (2010) 数据集对中国传统农区耕地数量重建是以单一线性插补而得, 其中1700-1950 年是以0.51%的年均增长率线性递增, 1950 年后是以0.34%年均速率线性递减, 这种“标准化”变化趋势不能客观反映传统农区土地垦殖的真实历史, 耕地面积也明显高估, 与CHCD数据集不具有可比性;(2) HYDE3.1 数据集吸纳了区域性研究成果, 使其在总量上与CHCD数据集较为接近, 具有较好的可比性, 但其在省区和网格尺度上与CHCD存在显著差异, 其中相对差异率超过70% (< -70%或> 70%) 的网格占比高达56%~63%, 超过90% (< -90%或> 90%) 的网格占比也高达40%~45%;而相对差异率介于-10%~10%的网格占比仅为5%~6%, 介于-30%~30%的网格占比也仅为17%左右;(3) 充分利用我国丰富的历史文献, 建立更高精度的中国区域历史土地利用数据集, 是提高区域气候与生态效应模拟研究质量的重要保障。  相似文献   

甘肃旱作农业区降水对土壤水分的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈少勇  郭玉珍  郑延祥  王劲松 《中国沙漠》2012,32(1):155-162

利用甘肃旱作区35个气象站1961-2007年日降水量和13个农业气象观测站从建站到2007年逐年4-10月旬土壤重量含水率资料,分析了旱作区土壤湿度与降水量的关系。采用REOF把甘肃旱作区年降水量划分为4个气候子区域:陇东、陇中西部、陇中东部和陇南。结果表明:①在0～100 cm各层土壤中,耕作层0～30 cm土壤湿度与降水量的关系最好。②旱作区降水量和耕作层土壤湿度存在着一致的年际振荡趋势。各地土壤增湿时间与旬降水达到20 mm的时间基本一致。③耕作层土壤湿度与降水量有极显著的正相关关系,土壤湿度对降水量的敏感性随深度逐渐降低,陇中土壤湿度对降水的敏感性大于陇东南。④不同级别的降水对土壤湿度有不同的影响。不同级别降水之间,土壤湿度的差异极其显著。降水级别从“较强-强”,土壤湿度增幅最大。建立了土壤湿度与不同级别降水的关系式。  相似文献