深厚覆盖层上高砾石土心墙堆石坝变形监测分析     

冯蕊  何蕴龙 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):485-491

在深厚覆盖层上建筑的高砾石土心墙堆石坝得到迅猛发展的同时,正确地认识坝体变形规律和合理地数值模拟是不可忽视的问题。堆石坝变形的影响因素多且复杂,监测成果的分析对研究上述问题具有重要意义。以硗碛大坝的监测资料为基础,结合坝体的填筑和蓄水过程,对位于深厚覆盖层上的百米级砾石土心墙堆石坝的变形规律进行了系统分析,并与其坝高、覆盖层深度、河谷宽度等方面都具有相似性的毛尔盖大坝监测资料进行了对比分析。通过分析两座大坝监测结果,对坝体的变形特性进行了规律性总结,对湿化和蠕变作用以及水库填筑和蓄水过程对坝体变形的影响有了一定认识。分析结论可为正确认识以及合理模拟和预测同类坝体的变形特性提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

近邻桩基施工对城市地铁隧道的影响分析     

徐云福  王立峰 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):577-582

近邻桩基施工会对盾构隧道产生较大的不利影响,试桩过程中对试桩周围土体深层水平位移、隧道结构竖向位移和沉降进行了现场监测。监测结果表明,隧道结构竖向位移和水平位移缓慢增加,对桩体周边土体产生扰动;管片位移最大值发生在与试桩相对应的剖面上;随着试桩距离的增加,管片沉降和最大水平位移减小。管片以发生水平位移为主,沉降约为水平位移的0.5倍。在隧道埋深范围内,深层土体水平位移向隧道方向移动;隧道埋深范围以下,土层的水平位移向远离隧道方向移动。试桩实践表明,采用全套管钢套管护壁旋挖取土工艺,并在施工过程中对盾构隧道和周围土体进行动态信息化监测的施工方法能较好地预警、控制施工风险,得到的结论可以为相似工程的施工提供指导和参考。  相似文献   

煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪     

李炯  乌效鸣  李瑞  张峰 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(3):99-101

煤层气生产过程中,需要随时了解和掌握煤层气井的产水、产气、液面高度等各项参数,以便根据生产阶段的需要及时调整生产参数,使煤层气井的生产处于最佳状态。目前国内煤层气抽采过程中仅能单独测量压力、温度、液位等参数,并不能检测每个层位的产气产水量,因此为了达到长期同时监测不同层位煤层的目的,设计了煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪。该监测仪不仅能测量温度、压力等参数,还可结合地面测得的气、水流量,分别得出不同层位煤层的产气产水量,为煤层气开采方法的确定提供科学依据,有利于提高煤层气抽采率。   相似文献   

Stability of source mechanisms inverted from P‐wave amplitude microseismic monitoring data acquired at the surface     

Tijmen Jan Moser 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(3):475-490

We study the stability of source mechanisms inverted from data acquired at surface and near‐surface monitoring arrays. The study is focused on P‐wave data acquired on vertical components, as this is the most common type of acquisition. We apply ray modelling on three models: a fully homogeneous isotropic model, a laterally homogeneous isotropic model and a laterally homogeneous anisotropic model to simulate three commonly used models in inversion. We use geometries of real arrays, one consisting in surface receivers and one consisting in ‘buried’ geophones at the near‐surface. Stability was tested for two of the frequently observed source mechanisms: strike‐slip and dip‐slip and was evaluated by comparing the parameters of correct and inverted mechanisms. We assume these double‐couple source mechanisms and use quantitatively the inversion allowing non‐double‐couple components to measure stability of the inversion. To test the robustness we inverted synthetic amplitudes computed for a laterally homogeneous isotropic model and contaminated with noise using a fully homogeneous model in the inversion. Analogously amplitudes computed in a laterally homogeneous anisotropic model were inverted in all three models. We show that a star‐like surface acquisition array provides very stable inversion up to a very high level of noise in data. Furthermore, we reveal that strike‐slip inversion is more stable than dip‐slip inversion for the receiver geometries considered here. We show that noise and an incorrect velocity model may result in narrow bands of source mechanisms in Hudson's plots.  相似文献   

Enzymatic methods for the determination of pollution in seawater using salt resistant alkaline phosphatase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):188-195

A new salt resistant alkaline phosphatase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (StAP) has been shown to have a unique property to hydrolyze substrate in seawater without loss of enzymatic activity. The enzyme has pH optimum at 8.0–8.5. Model experiments showed various concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead added to seawater or a standard buffer mixture to inhibit completely the enzyme activity at the concentrations of 15–150 μg/l. StAP sensitivity to the presence in seawater of metals, pesticides, detergents and oil products appears to be considerably less. Samples of seawater taken from aquatic areas of the Troitsy Bay of the Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea have been shown to inhibit the enzyme activity; the same was shown for the samples of fresh waters. The phosphatase inhibition assay developed proved to be highly sensitive, technically easy-to use allowing to test a great number of samples.  相似文献   

1D System identification of a 54‐story steel frame building by seismic interferometry          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammadtaghi Rahmani  Maria I. Todorovska 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(4):627-640

A 54‐story steel, perimeter‐frame building in downtown Los Angeles, California, is identified by a wave method using records of the Northridge earthquake of 1994 (M_L = 6.4, R = 32 km). The building is represented as a layered shear beam and a torsional shaft, characterized by the corresponding velocities of vertically propagating waves through the structure. The previously introduced waveform inversion algorithm is applied, which fits in the least squares sense pulses in low‐pass filtered impulse response functions computed at different stories. This paper demonstrates that layered shear beam and torsional shaft models are valid for this building, within bands that include the first five modes of vibration for each of the North–South (NS), East–West (EW), and torsional responses (0–1.7 Hz for NS and EW, and 0–3.5 Hz for the torsional response). The observed pulse travel time from ground floor to penthouse level is τ ≈1.5 s for NS and EW and τ ≈ 0.9 s for the torsional responses. The identified equivalent uniform shear beam wave velocities are β_eq ≈ 140 m/s for NS and EW responses, and 260 m/s for torsion, and the apparent Q ≈ 25 for the NS and torsional, and ≈14 for the EW response. Across the layers, the wave velocity varied 90–170 m/s for the NS, 80–180 m/s for the EW, and 170–350 m/s for the torsional responses. The identification method is intended for use in structural health monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Abellán  Thierry Oppikofer  Michel Jaboyedoff  Nicholas J. Rosser  Michael Lim  Matthew J. Lato 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(1):80-97

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Riparian responses to reduced flood flows: comparing and contrasting narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwoods     

Thomas K. Wilding  David M. Merritt  Stewart B. Rood  N. LeRoy Poff 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(3-4):605-617

Abstract

To enable assessment of risks of water management to riparian ecosystems at a regional scale, we developed a quantile-regression model of abundance of broadleaf cottonwoods (Populus deltoides and P. fremontii) as a function of flood flow attenuation. To test whether this model was transferrable to narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), we measured narrowleaf abundance along 39 river reaches in northwestern Colorado, USA. The model performed well for narrowleaf in all 32 reaches where reservoir storage was <75% of mean annual flow. Field data did not fit the model at four of seven reaches where reservoir storage was >90% of mean annual flow. In these four reaches, narrowleaf was abundant despite peak flow attenuation of 45–61%. Poor model performance in these four reaches may be explained in part by a pulse of narrowleaf cottonwood expansion as a response to channel narrowing and in part by differences between narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwood response to floods and drought.