由Saastamoinen和Hopfield模型推算水汽含量的比较与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曲建光 《测绘工程》1999,8(4):22-27

详细介绍利用ＧＰＡ数据推算大气水汽含量的过程。根据Ｓａａｓｔａｍｏｉｎｅｎ和Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ两种模型利用实测数据对大气水汽含量进行了推算,并对其结果进行了比较和分析,得到了一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

Long-term experimental study on gravitational sedimentation of water aluminum oxide nanofluid at different volumetric concentrations     

Mario Misale  Johan Augusto Bocanegra  Annalisa Marchitto 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(3):303-315

The stability of nanofluids is critical in engineering applications. The sedimentation of the nanoparticles in the base fluid limits the stability of the nanofluid. By measuring the absorbance of a visible laser through water aluminum oxide nanofluids it is possible to observe the evolution of the sedimentation process. A simple experimental setup consisting of a thin closed test cavity(0.8 mm or 1.5 mm thickness)filled with nanofluid and a set of laser diodes-photodiodes pairs was used in the e...  相似文献   

Dynamics of settling-driven convection beneath a sediment-laden buoyant overflow: Implications for the length-scale of deposition in lakes and the coastal ocean     

Shahrzad Davarpanah Jazi  Mathew G. Wells 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):699-720

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted in order to determine how settling-driven convection influences the length-scale over which the majority of particles settle beneath a buoyant sediment-laden plume spreading over a denser saline layer. This system is analogous to sediment-laden river water spreading into a lake or the coastal ocean. The key dimensionless parameter that controls the settling dynamics of such flows is the density ratio, defined as the ratio of density differences due to the added salt and sediment. For a buoyant plume, this ratio has to be greater than unity, so that the experiments in the current study were performed for density ratios between one and five. When density ratio was close to one, settling-driven convection was vigorous and the length-scale over which sedimentation occurred was very small. A strong secondary turbidity current was generated in this case. On the other hand, for larger values of density ratio, the predicted length-scale over which a secondary plume was generated increased in proportion to the density ratio. A complete mathematical expression for this length-scale was developed using recent theory that described the timescale over which settling-driven convection evolved. The theoretically predicted propagation length-scale showed very good quantitative agreement with laboratory experiments. The use of the dimensionless density ratio allows the expression to predict which sediment-laden river plumes in lakes and the coastal ocean could quickly form secondary turbidity currents.  相似文献   

疏浚淤泥化学絮凝−真空预压深度脱水效果评价     

王东星  唐弈锴  伍林峰 《岩土力学》2020,41(12):3929-3938

为实现疏浚淤泥高效快速脱水减容,选取化学絮凝和真空预压相结合的脱水技术,利用自制真空预压抽滤装置对5种类型絮凝剂调理淤泥进行系列室内脱水试验,通过上清液高度、泥水分界面高度、沉降速率、底泥含水率等指标,综合评价疏浚淤泥沉降过程与深度脱水效果。结果表明：5种絮凝剂对应最优添加量分别为Ca(OH)2(1 500 mg/L)、PAFSI(200 mg/L)、PAC(200 mg/L)、HCA(50 mg/L)、APAM(500 mg/L);与原始淤泥自然沉降过程相比（底泥高度17.14 cm、含水率96.8%）,真空预压可实现絮凝调理淤泥脱水减容、底泥平均含水率降至53.5%,使底泥体积进一步压缩20.48%～36.99%;真空预压作用下,絮凝调理淤泥在50 min内达到沉降速率峰值,前120 min内淤泥絮凝效果明显、泥水分离程度占据主导;与原始淤泥真空预压对比,絮凝?真空预压大幅提升淤泥沉降速率、有效缩短峰值对应沉降时间,最优絮凝剂（APAM）底泥沉降速率峰值、淤泥总高度沉降速率峰值对应时间点缩短87.5%和83.33%,峰值速率分别增加3.56倍、5.18倍;添加适量絮凝剂能有效改善淤泥脱水性能,增大泥粒尺寸、防堵促排,加速疏浚淤泥沉降与泥水分离效率。化学絮凝?真空抽滤技术有利于实现疏浚淤泥减量化,显著缩短工期、加快施工进度、减少堆积占地,具有显著的工程应用价值。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the simple settling theory for predicting sediment deposition by overland flow     

L. Beuselinck  G. Govers    A. Steegen  P. B. Hairsine  J. Poesen   《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(11):993-1007

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The use of grain size trend analysis in macrotidal areas with breakwaters: Implications of settling velocity and spatial sampling density   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T.A. Plomaritis  D. Paphitis  M. Collins   《Marine Geology》2008,253(3-4):132-148

In a macrotidal environment with offshore breakwaters (Elmer, West Sussex) a new approach for the identification of the sediment transport pathways with grain size trend analysis (GSTA) was undertaken using statistical parameters (mean, sorting and skewness) directly derived from settling velocities distributions. The same samples were analysed with sieving (quarter- and half-phi resolution) and GSTA was performed again in order to directly compare the resultant sediment transport directions derived with the two analytical techniques. Furthermore, both regular and irregular sampling distributions were used to recalculate GSTA. Hydrodynamic data were collected in different locations around the breakwaters and net sediment transport directions were calculated in order to assess the accuracy of the sediment transport pathway directions derived with the different analytical techniques.The accuracy of settling velocity in determining the statistical parameters of the grain size distribution is identified, especially for the fine-medium sand sediments. Settling velocities produced better results than the sieving; the quarter-phi resolution producing the poorer results in comparison with the coarser half-phi resolution. The results for the different spatial sampling strategies are found to depend upon the number of samples utilised; that shows that the accuracy of the GSTA is based upon the ability of representing, adequately, the spatial distribution of the sediment parameters.  相似文献   

Extension of numerical manifold method for coupled fluid flow and fracturing problems     

Zhijun Wu  Louis Ngai Yuen Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):1990-2008

The present study extends the numerical manifold method to include the hydro‐mechanical model to investigate the effect of water flow in fractures on the stability of rock structures, particularly slopes. The proposed flow model is verified by a simple 2‐D flow problem in a homogeneous aquifer. Combining the water flow model with the earlier developed fracture evolution technique, the entire failure process of the rock slope due to a heavy rain is simulated. The results illustrate that the developed numerical manifold method can not only determine the trigger factor of the crack initiation but also model the failure processes related to crack initiation, propagation, block formation, detachment and sliding due to the water effect successfully. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海口市区地面沉降监测结果初步分析     

麦照秋  李富强 《测绘信息与工程》2009,34(3):31-32

分析了海口市区地面沉降的多期重复观测成果,找出了海口市区地面沉降的基本规律,提供了市区中长期地震预报的基础数据。  相似文献   

利用IGS产品推算对流层延迟湿分量     

史先领 《北京测绘》2009,(3):6-9,17

对流层延迟是GPS定位的主要误差源之一，一直是高精度GPS定位的障碍。本文针对湿分量延迟计算复杂，影响因素多，经模型改正后也不理想的现实情况，巧妙的使用IGS产品推算对流层延迟湿分量，进一步削弱了GPS定位中对流层延迟的影响，得出了一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

一种适用于对流层干延迟的新的几何映射函数   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

殷海涛  熊永良  黄丁发 《测绘科学》2006,31(1):46-48

本文提出了一种新的对流层干延迟映射函数,此模型形式简洁,精度较高,是完全应用几何方法得出的,模型只与大气的有效高度有关,不包含任何气象因素,适用于动态定位及导航。文中通过实验在不同高度角、不同纬度与目前最常用的CFA2·2和Niell映射函数进行了比较,结果表明,在高度角大于6度时此函数与这两种模型精度相当,得到了非常理想的效果。  相似文献