2007年入梅期由横槽与低涡切变引发淮河流域强降水的诊断研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李博  赵思雄 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1148-1164

采用对比分析、诊断和数值计算的方法, 运用NCEP资料、常规观测资料、卫星云图资料和地面降水资料, 对2007年6月19～20日发生在淮河干流及其以北地区一次特殊的降水过程 (入梅期首场强降雨) 进行研究。主要结论包括: (1)该年梅雨期降水和首场降水的特点及原因: 梅雨期雨带位置偏北(位于淮河流域而非长江流域), 并且在115°E的中部地区降雨量最大; 入梅后的降雨首先产生在淮河干流上游的湖北、 河南南部地区, 随后雨区迅速北跳至淮河以北的山东南部地区。分析表明, 在临近35°N和115°E区域, 梅雨锋强烈, 冷暖空气汇集, 加之充沛的水汽输送和高低空急流耦合所激发的上升运动, 共同导致了115°E的中部地区产生强烈降水和汛期的雨带偏北; 19～20日淮河及其以北地区阻塞形势迅速调整, 其后所产生的500 hPa横槽对于首场强降水的维持起到了重要作用。低层涡旋系统沿着锋生带, 在槽前气流的引导下向东北方向移动, 致使雨带北跳。 (2) 首场降雨主要由横槽和切变线及其所引发的涡旋共同产生。高空横槽提供了较为活跃的冷空气, 这种横槽形式在典型的梅雨期尚不多见, 但亦值得关注。锋区和低层水汽叠加较好。上升运动的持续增强, 使得不断有强降水时段出现并最终导致强降水产生。 (3) 该年入梅前后存在比较明显的气象信号变化 (包括夏季风、 副高脊线、 阻塞、 环流形势等), 入梅期实质上是中高纬大气环流由非梅雨期特征向梅雨期特征的调整和过渡期。 (4) 在切变线诱生出低涡的过程中, 动力作用比热力作用的影响更为显著。低涡生成后向东北方向移动, 这一时期虽属梅雨起步阶段, 未完全呈现典型梅雨暴雨的特征, 但中尺度云团、 雨团仍十分活跃。  相似文献   

“08.7”襄樊罕见特大暴雨的中尺度观测特征与物理机制分析     

王芹  喻威  王成  王飞 《湖北气象》2009,28(1)

利用Micaps常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和GOES卫星资料,从环流背景、水汽条件、动力条件、不稳定机制等方面,重点对2008年7月22日襄樊罕见特大暴雨的中尺度观测特征与物理机制进行分析.结果表明:此次特大暴雨是在副热带高压、高空槽、西南低涡、切变线和地面倒槽的共同作用下发生的:切变线上对流云团在暴雨区合并、加强是造成襄樊罕见特大暴雨天气的直接原因,强降水发生在TBB低值中心;沿低空急流建立的从南海到华中地区的水汽通道,为暴雨发生发展直接输送暖湿空气;低层强烈的水汽输送和水汽辐合使暴雨区大气湿层迅速增厚,为暴雨发生发展提供了有利的水汽条件;低层辐合、高层辐散和整层正涡度的配置以及强的垂直上升运动,为暴雨发生提供了动力条件;能量锋锋生、湿度锋锋生对中尺度对流系统发生发展具有触发作用.  相似文献   

基于气象规范的电线积冰自动监测系统的研究     

郑利兵  陈林  林云生  王柏林  殷伯华  初明璋  韩立 《气象》2010,36(10):97-101

针对目前气象领域内电线积冰人工观测工作强度大、效率低、准确率差,而且观测数据不连续、无实时性等现状,提出了以气象规范中使用的电线架为基础而构建的电线积冰自动监测系统。系统不仅能实时连续地监测并显示积冰的重量,而且具有防水、防冻、易装配等特点。经过贵州省威宁县野外场地实测后,系统监测到了连续的积冰重量数据,达到了预期的日的。这将有助于气象部门降低电线积冰观测的劳动强度、提高观测效率以及准确率。  相似文献   

Variations of sea ice temperature from CHINARE 2003 and its application on sea ice model evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Zhanhai  LIU Jiping 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(1):57-61

Variation of vertical profiles of sea ice temperature and adjacent atmosphere and ocean temperatures were measured by ice drifting buoys deployed in the northeast Chukchi Sea as part of the 2003 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition.The buoy observations (September 2003 to February 2005) show that the cooling of the ice began in late September,propagated down through the ice,reaching the bottom of the ice in December,and continued throughout the winter.In winter 2003/04,some obvious warmings were observed in the upper portion of the ice in response to major warmings in the overlying atmosphere associated with the periodicity of storms in the northeast Chukchi Sea.It is found that the melt season at the buoy site in 2004 was about 15% longer than normal.The buoy observed vertical ice temperature profiles were used as a diagnostic for sea ice model evaluation.The results show that the simulated ice temperature profiles have large discrepancies as compared with the observations.  相似文献   

The ENSO’s Effect on Eastern China Rainfall in the Following Early Summer   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

쇖훐듯  슽죕폮 《大气科学进展》2009,26(2):333-342

ENSO’s effect on the rainfall in eastern China in the following early summer is investigated by using station precipitation data and the ERA-40 reanalysis data from 1958 to 2002. In June, after the El Nino peak, the precipitation is significantly enhanced in the Yangtze River valley while suppressed in the Huaihe River-Yellow River valleys. This relationship between ENSO and the rainfall in eastern China is established possibly through two teleconnections: One is related to the western North Pacific (WNP) ...  相似文献   

Seasonal to interannual climate predictability in mid and high northern latitudes in a global coupled model   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Torben Koenigk  Uwe Mikolajewicz 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(6):783-798

The upper limit of climate predictability in mid and high northern latitudes on seasonal to interannual time scales is investigated by performing two perfect ensemble experiments with the global coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. The ensembles consist of six members and are initialized in January and July from different years of the model’s 300-year control integration. The potential prognostic predictability is analyzed for a set of oceanic and atmospheric climate parameters. The predictability of the atmospheric circulation is small except for southeastern Europe, parts of North America and the North Pacific, where significant predictability occurs with a lead time of up to half a year. The predictability of 2 m air temperature shows a large land–sea contrast with highest predictabilities over the sub polar North Atlantic and North Pacific. A combination of relatively high persistence and advection of sea surface temperature anomalies into these areas leads to large predictability. Air temperature over Europe, parts of North America and Asia shows significant predictability of up to half a year in advance. Over the ice-covered Arctic, air temperature is not predictable at time scales exceeding 2 months. Sea ice thickness is highly predictable in the central Arctic mainly due to persistence and in the Labrador Sea due to dynamics. Surface salinity is highly predictable in the Arctic Ocean, northern North Atlantic and North Pacific for several years in advance. We compare the results to the predictability due to persistence and show the importance of dynamical processes for the predictability.  相似文献   

利用大尺度环流确定2006年南海夏季风爆发日期   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑彬  林爱兰  谷德军  李春晖 《热带气象学报》2009,25(6):690-698

南海夏季风爆发最显著的特征就是南海地区西南风的突然增强和降水的明显增多,往往采用南海地区低层平均风场和(或)对流强度来判别南海夏季风的爆发日期。这种方法在大多数的年份是适用的,但是2006年由于0601号台风“珍珠”的介入,利用南海地区的区域指标来确定南海夏季风的爆发日期就略显不足。要解决以上的问题,必须从更大尺度上去想办法。利用经圈和纬圈环流可以较好地确定2006年南海夏季风的爆发日期。分析结果表明2006年南海夏季风爆发于5月16日(第4候)。  相似文献   

典型海洋型冰川区消融期雪坑层位演变及离子沉积后过程初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张宁宁  何元庆  庞洪喜  和献中  宋波  李宗省 《冰川冻土》2010,32(3)

2006年4—7月,在玉龙雪山白水1号冰川消融区(P1)和积累区(P2)分别开挖雪坑连进行续观测,分析了海洋型冰川在消融期雪坑内各层位的物理变化以及各离子的沉积后过程.结果表明:海洋型冰川区雪坑的消融速率远大于大陆型冰川;随着消融的进行,雪坑中各种粒雪成分逐渐向粗粒雪转化,同时冰片数量增多以及含水层加厚,并且向雪坑底部移动.雪坑消融可以分为雪坑内部的细粒雪、中粒雪向粗粒雪转变,雪坑厚度变化不大以及雪坑厚度的快速变薄两个过程,P2处两消融过程转变时间比P1处大约推迟两个月.根据各种离子在P1处雪坑剖面的浓度变化,白水1号冰川积累区的淋溶序列为:K+SO42-NO3-Cl-Ca2+Mg2+Na+.由于海洋型冰川的消融期也是它的积累期,该序列中各离子的顺序不仅反映了融水淋溶作用的影响,同时反映了物质输入对雪坑内离子浓度变化的影响.  相似文献   

寒区水库护坡冰冻破坏问题中的断裂力学分析     

刘晓洲  刘鹏  李洪升 《冰川冻土》2010,32(3)

寒区水库护坡冬季常常会在低气温和低温环境的共同作用而产生冰冻破坏,进而影响其发挥正常的作用,甚至会使其完全失去作用.结合团结水库的实际工程问题,在传统分析、计算方法的基础上将断裂力学引入进来,从断裂力学的角度分析了该水库护坡产生冰冻破坏的主要原因有三大因素:冰推、冻胀和浪淘,其中冰推和冻胀起控制作用,浪淘起辅助作用.根据冰冻破坏原因分析,提出了钢筋混凝土护坡板的设计方案,并对其进行了抗冰推、抗冻胀破坏的验算校核,结果证明:该计算方法和设计方案完全能够使寒区水库护坡达到抵抗冰冻破坏的目的.为解决寒区平原水库护坡抗冰冻破坏问题提出了新的思路,进行了有意义的探索.  相似文献   

The role of glacio-isostasy in the formation of post-glacial river terraces in relation to the MIS 2 ice limit: evidence from northern England     

D.R. Bridgland  R. Westaway  A.J. Howard  A.J. Long  M.J. White 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(2):113-127

In recent years it has been demonstrated that the formation of long-timescale river terrace sequences, which are generally found in areas beyond the extent of most if not all of the Middle and Late Pleistocene ice sheets, has invariably been a response to uplift during the Late Cenozoic and especially the Quaternary. Climatic fluctuation at a Milankovitch timescale has driven the alternations of aggradation and incision recorded in such terraces. It has been widely observed, however, that fluvial terraces also occur in areas glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which coincides with marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 2. This paper, in seeking to compare records from inside and outside of the LGM ice limit, concentrates on a single English river system, that of the Humber. The Humber estuary is shared by the largely Pennine-derived drainage of the Yorkshire Ouse, to the north and entirely within the MIS 2 glacial limit, and, to the south, the Trent, which is almost wholly outside the LGM limit. Thus the Trent has a terrace sequence extending back to the Middle Pleistocene, whereas in the component rivers of the Ouse system, records begin with the melting of the last glacial ice. Importantly, there is considerable difference in the disposition of the post-LGM fluvial deposits in these two subsystems. In the Ouse system there are modest terrace staircases, commencing with full glacial deposits that stand up to 30 m above the modern floodplain. In the Trent, in contrast, last glacial gravels form the foundation of the modern floodplain, with Holocene sediments emplaced directly above them. Thus there is little or no post-LGM incision in the Trent, whereas in the Ouse several incision events are recorded, continuing into the later stages of the Holocene. Wider comparison reveals that the Ouse system is an exemplar for other sequences within the MIS 2 limit, whereas systems beyond this glaciation typically have last glacial sediments beneath their modern floodplains and show little evidence of Holocene incision. The various possible explanations of these differences are discussed, with emphasis placed on glacio-isostatic uplift of areas glaciated during MIS 2 as the main reason for the significant post-glacial incision that typifies valleys in such regions. A new approach to modelling glacio-isostatic adjustment is outlined, from which it is concluded that lower-crustal flow plays a significant role in this process in regions of relatively hot and dynamic crust, like northern England, in addition to the mantle flow that is considered in conventional analyses of glacio-isostasy. Lower-crustal flow has a significant effect due to the combination of the small spatial scale of the glaciated region of northern England and the high mobility of the lower-crustal layer beneath it, due to the heating effect of the widespread Palaeozoic granite in the area.  相似文献