Multi‐variable relations for soil effects on seismic ground motion     

George D. Bouckovalas  Achilleas G. Papadimitriou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(12):1867-1896

Soil effects on peak ground acceleration, velocity and elastic response spectra (5% damping) are expressed by simple approximate relations in terms of five key parameters: (a) the fundamental vibration period of the non‐linear soil, T_S, (b) the period of a bedrock site of equal thickness, T_b, (c) the predominant excitation period, Te, (d) the peak seismic acceleration at outcropping bedrock, a, and (e) the number of significant excitation cycles, n. Furthermore, another relation is proposed for the estimation of T_S in terms of the soil thickness H, the average shear wave velocity of the soil V?_S,o and a. The aforementioned parameters were first identified through a simplified analytical simulation of the site excitation. The multivariable approximate relations were then formulated via a statistical analysis of relevant data from more than 700 one‐dimensional equivalent‐linear seismic ground response analyses, for actual seismic excitations and natural soil conditions. Use of these relations to back‐calculate the numerical results in the database gives an estimate of their error margin, which is found to be relatively small and unbiased. The proposed relations are also independently verified through a detailed comparison with strong motion recordings from seven well‐documented case studies: (a) two sites in the San Fernando valley during the Northridge earthquake, and (b) five different seismic events recorded at the SMART‐1 accelerometer array in Taiwan. It is deduced that the accuracy of the relations is comparable to that of the equivalent‐linear method. Hence, they can be readily used as a quick alternative for routine applications, as well as for spreadsheet computations (e.g. GIS‐aided seismic microzonation studies) where numerical methods are cumbersome to implement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Peculiarities of the UV continuum energy distribution for T Tauri stars     

A. S. Kravtsova  S. A. Lamzin 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(9):612-620

In the UV spectra of BP Tau, GW Ori, T Tau, and RY Tau obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, we detected an inflection near 2000 Å in the F _λ ^c (λ) curve that describes the continuum energy distribution. The inflection probably stems from the fact that the UV continuum in these stars consists of two components: the emission from an optically thick gas with T<8000 K and the emission from a gas with a much higher temperature. The total luminosity of the hot component is much lower than that of the cool component, but the hot-gas radiation dominates at λ<1800 Å. Previously, other authors have drawn a similar conclusion for several young stars from low-resolution IUE spectra. However, we show that the short-wavelength continuum is determined from these spectra with large errors. We also show that, for three of the stars studied (BP Tau, GW Ori, and T Tau), the accretion-shock radiation cannot account for the observed dependence F _λ ^c (λ) in the ultraviolet. We argue that more than 90% of the emission continuum in BP Tau at λ>2000 Å originates not in the accretion shock but in the inner accretion disk. Previously, a similar conclusion was reached for six more classical T Tau stars. Therefore, we believe that the high-temperature continuum can be associated with the radiation from the disk chromosphere. However, it may well be that the stellar chromosphere is its source.  相似文献   

使用小波技术自动搜寻天体谱线     

罗阿理  赵永恒 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2000,20(4)

使用小波技术对包括恒星、近邻星系和ＡＧＮ等不同的天体光谱进行了自动处理．用小波滤波的方法将光谱中的连续谱与诸线分离;然后使用小波域隐含马尔可夫模型（ＨＭＭ）,对已去掉连续谱的光谱进行降噪,同时得到了噪声在每个光谱中的分布;在训练ＨＭＭ的过程中,使用改进的Ｔｙｉｎｇ方法增加训练数据以保证训练的可靠性;利用噪声分布确定出谱线信号的局部阈值,在已经降噪的光谱中找到吸收线和发射线;用高斯函数拟会出谱线的形状,标出线心的波长值,作为自动证认的基础．  相似文献   

南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

陈铭夏  李宗恺 《气象科学》2000,20(2):111-119

本文利用"城市生物气溶胶研究”中的超声风温仪观测资料,对南京市近地层大气的湍流强度、相关系数、速度谱及通量输送等进行研究,得到南京市近地层湍流结构及输送特征的一些结论.  相似文献   

La3+ 离子掺杂钨酸铅单晶的微结构缺陷     

黄彦林  赵韧  赵连泽  朱文亮 《矿物学报》2006,26(1):84-88

钨酸铅晶体是一种非化学计量化合物,缺陷丰富,蕴含着利用掺杂产生新效应和开发新功能的广泛可能性。探讨了不同浓度La3 掺杂对于钨酸铅晶体发光性能的影响,如热释光、X射线激发发光、光致发光等。La3 掺杂有效地抑制了陷阱中心,使发光受到强烈的抑制,在高浓度掺杂的钨酸铅中,激发机制有所改变,通过XPS测试的结果分析了不同浓度La3 掺杂机制。低浓度掺杂中,La3 取代Pb2 ,形成缺陷复合体[2(La3Pb ).-(VPb)″];高浓度掺杂晶体中,La3 离子不但占据Pb2 位置,而且也会占据W6 位置(La3W ),产生La3 的自补偿机制,形成La3 的自补偿对[(La3W )-(La3Pb ).]-(VO)..或缺陷聚集体[3(LaP3b ).-(La3W )]。  相似文献   

生物成因与无机成因文石的FTIR光谱区别   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张刚生  李浩璇 《矿物岩石》2006,26(1):1-4

对16种贝壳交叉页片层中生物成因文石的FT IR谱进行测量,并与无机成因文石进行对比和统计分析后,首次发现生物成因与无机成因文石的FT IR光谱有明显可区分的特征,生物成因文石2ν带(面外弯曲振动)频率平均值为863.4 cm-1,而无机成因文石该带的平均值为855.5 cm-1,两者频率位移达7.9 cm-1。因此文石的2ν带可作为指纹带鉴别生物和无机成因文石。  相似文献   

成像光谱技术在典型蚀变矿物识别和填图中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘圣伟甘甫平  闫柏琨杨苏明王润生  王青华唐攀科 《中国地质》2006,33(1):178-186

成像光谱矿物识别和填图技术是中国国土资源调查和监测重点发展的高新技术之一。笔者以国土资源调查应用为主要目标,研究了成像光谱矿物识别和矿物填图技术实用化中的一些关键技术问题。分析了白云母和绿泥石两种重要蚀变矿物的光谱特征及光谱变异特征;以新疆东天山黄山地区的HyMap数据为例,对目前已较为系统化的成像光谱识别技术(如MNF变换、像元纯度指数PPI和N维可视化端元识别NDVI)在典型蚀变矿物识别和填图中的应用进行介绍。  相似文献   

混合光谱分解模型提取水体叶绿素含量的研究     

肖青  闻建光  柳钦火  周艺 《遥感学报》2006,10(4):559-567

遥感监测水体叶绿素含量是水质遥感研究的难点之一。本文通过研究不同叶绿素含量水体反射率的光谱特征，确定了提取叶绿素a含量的最佳特征波段，建立了太湖水体叶绿素a的混合光谱模型。研究发现，混合光谱模型提取的水体叶绿素a百分比浓度与同步采样分析的叶绿素a浓度之间有较好的线性相关性。并基于TM和HEPERION图像利用此模型生成了叶绿索a浓度分布图。研究结果表明，混合光谱分解模型可以作为遥感监测水体叶绿素a含量的定量模型。  相似文献   

A comparative study of the design spectra defined by Eurocode 8, UBC, IBC and Turkish Earthquake Code on R/C sample buildings     

Adem Doğangün  Ramazan Livaoğlu 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(3):335-351

Earthquake codes have been revised and updated depending on the improvements in the representation of ground motions, soils and structures. These revisions have been more frequently seen in recent years. One of the key changes in earthquake codes has been performed on the design spectra. In this paper, the design spectra recommended by Turkish Earthquake Code and three other well known codes (Uniform Building Code, Eurocode 8, and International Building Code) are considered for comparison. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the differences caused by the use of different codes in the dynamic analysis and seismic verification of given types of buildings located at code defined different sites. The differences in expressions and some important points for elastic and inelastic spectra defined by the codes are briefly illustrated in tables and figures. Periods, base shears, lateral displacements and interstory drifts for the analyzed buildings located at code defined ground type are comparatively presented.  相似文献   

Organic geochemistry and petrology of barren and Mo–Ni–PGE mineralized marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation (South China)     

Bohdan K&#x;íbek  Ivana Sýkorov  Jan Pa&#x;ava  Vladimír Machovi 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):240-256

Marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in southern China host Mo–Ni–platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization confined to a phosphate- and pyrite-rich stratiform body (max. 20-cm thick). The H/C atomic ratio, carbon isotopic composition, FTIR spectra of bulk organic matter, and spectra of extractable part of organic matter indicate similar sources and thermal evolution of organic matter in barren and mineralized black shales.The morphology and relative abundance of organic particles in barren and mineralized shales are different. In barren black shales, organic particles comprise only elongated bodies and laminae 2–10 μm across or elongated larger bodies (> 10 μm) with R_max = 2.96–5.21% (Type I particles). Mineralized black shales contain Type I particles in rock matrix (90–95 vol%), small veinlets or irregular organic accumulations (Type II particles, 1–5 vol%) that display weak to well developed mosaic texture and a variable reflectance (R_max = 3.55–8.65%), and small (< 1 to 5 μm) rounded or irregular Type III organic particles (1–4 vol%) distributed within phosphate nodules and sulphide rip-up clasts. Type III particles show similar reflectance as particles of Type I in rock matrix. Type I particles are interpreted as remnants of in situ bacterially reworked organic matter of cyanobacteria/algal type, Type II as solidified products or oil-derived material (migrabitumen), and Type III particles as remnants of original organic matter in phosphatized or sulphidized algal/microbial oncolite-like bodies. Equivalent vitrinite reflectances of Type I and III particles in barren and mineralized rocks are similar and correspond to semi-anthracite and anthracite. Micro-Raman spectra of organic particles in rocks display a wide belt in the area of 1600 cm^− 1 (G belt) and approximately the same belt in the area of 1350 cm^− 1 (D belt). The ratio of integrated areas of the two belts correlate with R_max values.The Mo–Ni–PGE mineralized body is interpreted as to represent a remnant of phosphate- and sulphide-rich subaquatic hardground supplied with organic material derived from plankton and benthic communities as well as with algal/microbial oncolite-like bodies that originated in wave-agitated, shallow-water, nearshore environment.  相似文献