Light as a driver of phytoplankton growth and production in the freshwater tidal zone of a turbid estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rita B. Domingues  Tnia P. Anselmo  Ana B. Barbosa  Ulrich Sommer  Helena M. Galvo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,91(4):282

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The annual silica cycle of the North Pacific subtropical gyre     

Mark A. Brzezinski  Jeffrey W. KrauseMatthew J. Church  David M. KarlBinglin Li  Janice L. JonesBrett Updyke 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(10):988-1001

Silica cycling in the upper 175 m of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre was examined over a two year period (January 2008-December 2009) at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) station ALOHA. Silicic acid concentrations in surface waters ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 ??M, exhibiting no clear seasonal trends. Biogenic silica concentrations and silica production rates increased by an order of magnitude each summer following stratification of the upper 50 m reaching values of 157 nmol Si L⁻¹ and 81 nmol Si L⁻¹ d⁻¹, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Sea surface height anomalies together with analyses of variability in isothermal surfaces at 150-175 m indicated that the summer periods of elevated biogenic silica were associated with anticyclonic mesoscale features during both years. Lithogenic silica concentrations increased in the spring during the known period of maximum atmospheric dust concentrations with maximum values of 36 nmol Si L⁻¹ in the upper 10 m. Dust deposition would enhance levels of dissolved iron in surface waters, but there was no response of diatom biomass or silica production to increases in near-surface ocean lithogenic silica concentrations suggesting iron sufficiency of diatom silica production rates.Low ambient silicic acid concentrations restricted silica production rates to an average of 43% of maximum potential rates. Si sufficiency only occurred during the summer period when diatom biomass was elevated suggesting that bloom diatoms are adapted to exploit low silicic acid concentrations. Annual silica production at HOT is estimated to be 63 mmol Si m⁻² a⁻¹ with summer blooms contributing 29% of the annual total. Diatoms are estimated to account for 3-7% of total phytoplankton primary productivity, but 9-20% of organic carbon export confirming past suggestions that diatoms are relatively minor contributors to primary productivity and autotrophic biomass, but important contributors to new and export production in oligotrophic open-ocean ecosystems.Annual silica production at HOT is nearly 4-fold lower than estimates at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the Sargasso Sea from the 1990s, but annual silica export at the base of the euphotic zone is similar between the two gyres indicating very different balances between silica production and its loss in surface waters. On a relative basis, BATS is a more productive system with respect to silica, where biogenic silica is recycled with high efficiency in surface waters; in contrast the NPSG is a lower productivity system with respect to silica, but where lower recycling efficiency leads to a much higher fraction of new silica production. The two gyres show contrasting long-term trends in diatom biomass as biogenic silica concentrations at HOT have been increasing since 1997, but they have been decreasing at BATS suggesting very different forcing of decadal trends in the contribution of diatoms in carbon cycling between these gyres. Combining the data from both gyres indicates that globally subtropical gyres produce 13 Tmol Si a⁻¹, which is only 51% of previous estimates reducing the contribution of subtropical gyres to 5-7% of global annual marine silica production.  相似文献   

Kaya恒等式的碳排放驱动因素分解及其政策含义的局限性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁路  潘家华 《气候变化研究进展》2013,9(3):210-215

Kaya恒等式是目前分析碳排放驱动因素的主流分析方法,在解释全球历史排放变化原因方面具有重要的作用。Kaya恒等式具有数学形式简单、分解无残差、对碳排放变化推动因素解释力强等优点,但也存在一定的局限性：第一,Kaya恒等式只能解释碳排放量流量变化,无法解释存量变化;第二,Kaya恒等式中的驱动因素多为表象驱动因素,对排放总量的实际影响难以确定;第三,利用Kaya恒等式理论得出的政策建议具有模糊性和非理性,需要结合其他因素分析检验。  相似文献   

A comparative study of the sensitivity of F v/F m to phosphorus limitation on four marine algae     

QI Hongju  WANG Jiangtao  WANG Zhaoyu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(1):77-84

We studied the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply on Fv/Fm (maximal quantum yield of photosystem II) in the algae Chaetoceros debilis, Dicrateria inornata, Platymonas subcordiformis and Heterosigma akashiwo to determine the sensitivity of Fv/Fm to P-limitation of the four species. Obvious decrease of Fv/Fm value was monitored in periods of P-depletion, the decrease showing different magnitudes among algal species. A more clear decrease of Fv/Fm in Platymonas subcordiformis and Het-erosigma akashiwo was observed, compared with that in Chaetoceros debilis and Dicrateria inornata. After the resupply of P, the index Fv/Fm of the four species all recovered quickly in 24 h. Cell division was maintained and chlorophyll content continued to increase until the end of the experiment in Platymonas subcordiformis and Heterosigma akashiwo, while in Chaetoceros debilis and Dicrateria inornata, the division stopped in the later period when the growth of organisms came into the stationary phase. The most obvious respond of chlorophyll content to P-additions was observed in Het-erosigma akashiwo culture in 24 h. The sensitivity of Fv/Fm to nutrient limitations is different among algal species, and much should be done to improve the application of this index.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of the Sensitivity of Fv/Fm to Phosphorus Limitation on Four Marine Algae     

QI Hongju  WANG Jiangtao  WANG Zhaoyu 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,(1):77-84

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盐水处理对沙拐枣气体交换特征、光合色素和可溶性糖含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王伟华  张希明  闫海龙  梁少民  马建兵  杨小林 《干旱区地理》2009,32(4)

通过对室外不同浓度盐水(0、4、12、20、28 g/L粗盐)灌溉的桶栽沙拐枣(Calligonum spp.)气体交换参数、光合色素和可溶性糖含量随时间变化情况的分析结果表明:随着盐处理时间的延续,(1)低盐(4～12 g/L)处理条件下沙拐枣光合作用先逐渐增强,后又因非气孔因素限制而下降;高盐(20～28 g/L)处理条件下植株前期受气孔因素限制,后期受非气孔因素限制,光合作用严重下降.(2)不同盐处理条件下沙拐枣叶绿素a(chla)、叶绿素b(chlb)、总叶绿素(chl)含量均下降,类胡萝卜素(car)、chla/b、car/chl先增加后下降,但低盐处理较高盐处理变化小.(3)低盐处理对沙拐枣可溶性糖含量变化不大,而高盐处理下其极显著增加.因此,短期低盐处理促进沙拐枣光合作用,但长期盐处理亦使植物光合作用下降;高盐处理抑制沙拐枣生长,长期处理将导致植物死亡.  相似文献   

河流铀同位素的控制机理及其对风化限制理论的启示意义     

李高军  李来峰  李乐  李涛 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(1):11-17,I0003

经典风化限制理论认为,当剥蚀速度较低时,岩石在风化带的存留时间长,表现为一致性完全风化,化学风化通量受新鲜岩石的供应限制,与剥蚀速度成正比,即为"供应限制";当剥蚀速度较高时,岩石充分暴露,风化强度低,化学风化通量受温度、降水量等动力学因子限制,即为"动力学限制"。供应限制是构造抬升影响硅酸盐风化吸收大气CO_2进而改变气候的关键。动力学限制形成了化学风化通量与大气CO_2含量之间的负反馈,是维持构造时间尺度地球宜居性和碳循环平衡的关键。但是,风化限制理论模型并未得到充分实证。本文将介绍利用流域溶解态铀同位素证明风化限制理论的原理与研究进展。全球数据总结发现,流域铀同位素与物理剥蚀速率之间在整体上呈现U形函数关系,可用经典风化限制理论解释。但河流的铀同位素还受岩性、气候、地貌等其他因素的影响。利用已知风化年代的单一岩性流域是河流铀同位素验证风化限制理论的重要途径。  相似文献   

Responses of lake phytoplankton to micronutrient enrichment: a study in two New Zealand lakes and an analysis of published data     

Theresa M. Downs  Marc Schallenberg  Carolyn W. Burns 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(4):347-360

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Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient stoichiometry and regulation of phytoplankton biomass in Hong Kong waters: influence of the Pearl River outflow and sewage inputs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xu J  Ho AY  Yin K  Yuan X  Anderson DM  Lee JH  Harrison PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):335-348

In 2001, the Hong Kong government implemented the Harbor Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) under which 70% of the sewage that had been formerly discharged into Victoria Harbor is now collected and sent to Stonecutters Island Sewage Works where it receives chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), and is then discharged into waters west of the Harbor. The relocation of the sewage discharge will possibly change the nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton biomass in this area. Therefore, there is a need to examine the factors that regulate phytoplankton growth in Hong Kong waters in order to understand future impacts. Based on a historic nutrient data set (1986-2001), a comparison of ambient nutrient ratios with the Redfield ratio (N:P:Si=16:1:16) showed clear spatial variations in the factors that regulate phytoplankton biomass along a west (estuary) to east (coastal/oceanic) transect through Hong Kong waters. Algal biomass was constrained by a combination of low light conditions, a rapid change in salinity, and strong turbulent mixing in western waters throughout the year. Potential stoichiometric Si limitation (up to 94% of the cases in winter) occurred in Victoria Harbor due to the contribution of sewage effluent with high N and P enrichment all year, except for summer when the frequency of stoichiometric Si limitation (48%) was the same as P, owing to the influence of the high Si in the Pearl River discharge. In the eastern waters, potential N limitation and N and P co-limitation occurred in autumn and winter respectively, because of the dominance of coastal/oceanic water with low nutrients and low N:P ratios. In contrast, potential Si limitation occurred in spring and a switch to potential N, P and Si limitation occurred in eastern waters in summer. In southern waters, there was a shift from P limitation (80%) in summer due to the influence of the N-rich Pearl River discharge, to N limitation (68%) in autumn, and to N and P co-limitation in winter due to the dominance of N-poor oceanic water from the oligotrophic South China Sea. Our results show clear temporal and spatial variations in the nutrient stoichiometry which indicates potential regulation of phytoplankton biomass in HK waters due to the combination of the seasonal exchange of the Pearl River discharge and oceanic water, sewage effluent inputs, and strong hydrodynamic mixing from SW monsoon winds in summer and the NE monsoon winds in winter.  相似文献   

氮限制时间对海绿球藻和微绿球藻生长、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响     

梁英  纪维玮  石伟杰  田传远  胡乃霞  闫译允 《海洋科学》2020,44(2):45-55

本文研究了不同氮限制时间(0、1、2、4、6 d)对海绿球藻(Halochlorococcum sarcotum)和微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)叶绿素荧光参数、细胞密度、生物量、叶绿素含量、总脂含量以及脂肪酸组成的影响。本实验结果表明,海绿球藻的最大相对电子传递速率rETR_(max)和快速光曲线的初始斜率α都随氮限制时间增加而降低,而光系统II最大光能转化效率F_v/F_m、非光化学淬灭NPQ以及最小饱和光照强度Ik都有先增加后下降的趋势,各参数都在氮限制第6d达到最小值。微绿球藻上述各参数的变化趋势均为随着氮限制时间增加而逐渐下降。随着氮限制时间增加,海绿球藻和微绿球藻细胞密度都有较小幅度的增加,分别在第5 d和第6 d达到最大值;两种绿藻的叶绿素含量均随氮限制时间的增加而降低,氮限制0 d时叶绿素含量最高, 6 d时叶绿素含量最低;在氮限制第2 d时二者总脂产率都达到最大值,分别为0.021 g·(L·d)~(–1)和0.017 g·(L·d)~(–1),由此可见,适合海绿球藻和微绿球藻产脂的最佳氮限制时间均为2 d。海绿球藻和微绿球藻的脂肪酸主要包括16:0、18:0、20:0、18:1n-9、18:2n-6和16:3n-3等。氮限制对海绿球藻的18:1n-9和MUFA(单不饱和脂肪酸总和)影响显著,均随氮限制时间增加而增加,而PUFA(多不饱和脂肪酸总和)含量随氮限制时间增加而降低;氮限制对微绿球藻的16:0、18:1n-9、16:3n-3、MUFA和PUFA有显著影响,随着氮限制时间增加, 16:0、18:1n-9及MUFA含量逐渐增加,而16:3n-3和PUFA含量逐渐降低。本实验结果可为进一步开发海绿球藻和微绿球藻并对其进行大规模培养提供理论依据。  相似文献