1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) Earthquake and a Preliminary Microzonation Based on Liquefaction Potential for Ceyhan Town   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Resat Ulusay  Turgay Kuru 《Natural Hazards》2004,32(1):59-88

A moderate earthquake (M_s = 6.2) occurred in the Cukurova region in the southern part of Turkey, on 27 June 1998. It resulted in loss of 145 lives and significant damage particularly in the settlements close to the epicenter at the south of Ceyhan town. Widespread liquefaction and associated sand boils, ground fissures and ground deformations due to lateral spreading occurred during this earthquake. In this study, main characteristics of the earthquake are presented and liquefaction throughout the site was assessed. An attempt was also made to establish preliminary microzonation maps for Ceyhan using the data from liquefaction susceptibility analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the data from the liquefied sites were within the empirical bounds suggested by the field-performance evaluation method. Fortunately, most of the riversides were used for agricultural purposes alone, damage to structures from liquefaction and associated ground failures were rather limited. Preliminary assessments indicated that at depths of about 5 m the liquefaction potential of thin sand layers tends to diminish.  相似文献   

Earthquake retrofit of highway/railway embankments by sheet-pile walls     

K. Adalier  A. Pamuk  T. F. Zimmie 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2004,22(1):73-88

A series of highly instrumented dynamic centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate the potential of using sheet-pile walls for mitigating the adverse effects of foundation liquefaction on overlying highway embankments. The response of a prototype 4.5 m high cohesive highway embankment supported on a 6 m thick loose saturated sand layer was analyzed under dynamic base excitation conditions. In a series of four separate model tests, this embankment-foundation system was studied first without, and then with the following three different liquefaction countermeasure techniques, all involving sheet-piles: (a) sheet-pile extending to the foundation surface, (b) sheet-pile with toe area gravel surcharge berm, and (c) sheet-pile with toe area gravel surcharge berm extending into the foundation. Model response was monitored by numerous accelerometers, pore pressure transducers, and displacement gages. The underlying mechanism and effectiveness of each countermeasure is discussed based on the recorded dynamic response. All of the implemented countermeasures were found to significantly reduce embankment deformations. Particularly in the case of the sheet-pile with toe area gravel berm, cracking and lateral spreading of the embankment were practically eliminated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

砂土液化内部应力变化规律与工程液化判别   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

祝启坤  李先福  姚运生 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):126-130

以往对砂土液化的研究主要侧重于水平场地、自由应力场条件下有关地基液化机理与判别等问题的研究。通常将Δu=σz=ΔUmax作为地基土液化的判据，而对工程结构物和场地条件的影响考虑不足。基于当前砂土液化问题的研究现状及工程特性，提出了将液化分为理论液化和工程液化。前者主要研究地基土液化的一般规律性问题；后者则针对具体工程结构物而言。其液化标准是以地基土在遭受地震液化时是否会导致工程结构物的破坏为依据。通过对砂土在震动液化过程中内部应力变化规律的理论分析，阐明了水平应力σx或σy对斜坡场地地基土发生侧向液化的作用机理，不能将斜坡场地的地基看作半无限空间体处理，提出了液化膨胀侧扩势Ψ的概念与计算式。指出：对斜坡场地，为避免这种侧向液化流动变形破坏，采取加强可液化土体的侧向约束、缩小偏应力差是必要的。根据工程结构物的承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态，提出工程液化的判别准则：(1)可液化土体的地基强度τ降低到工程结构物所允许的强度值[τ，]；(2)可液化土体的膨胀侧扩势Ψ增加到其侧向约束强度[τh]；(3)可液化土体地基的变形s增大到工程结构物所允许的变形值[s]。  相似文献   

Energy-based probabilistic evaluation of soil liquefaction   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Y.R. Chen  S.C. Hsieh  J.W. Chen  C.C. Shih 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(1):55-68

This paper presents a seismic wave energy-based method with back-propagation neural networks to assess the liquefaction probability. An empirical equation and Fourier spectrum of acceleration are employed, respectively, to calculate the seismic wave energy. Discriminant analysis is used to determine the equation of the boundary curve separating the data points with and without liquefaction. The proposed method shows capability in evaluating the probability of soil liquefaction based on the boundary curve and a logarithm normal distribution.  相似文献   

Mapping the liquefaction induced soil moisture changes using remote sensing technique: an attempt to map the earthquake induced liquefaction around Bhuj, Gujarat, India     

D. Ramakrishnan  K. K. Mohanty  S. R. Nayak  R. Vinu Chandran 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1581-1602

The Bhuj earthquake (Mw = 7.9) occurred in the western part of India on 26th January 2001 and resulted in the loss of 20,000 lives and caused extensive damage to property. Soil liquefaction related ground failures such as lateral spreading caused significant damage to bridges, dams and other civil engineering structures in entire Kachchh peninsula. The Bhuj area is a part of large sedimentary basin filled with Jurassic, Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. This work pertains to mapping the areas that showed sudden increase in soil moisture after the seismic event, using remote sensing technique. Multi-spectral, spatial and temporal data sets from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite are used to derive the Liquefaction Sensitivity Index (LSeI). The basic concept behind LSeI is that the near infrared and shortwave infrared regions of electromagnetic spectrum are highly absorbed by soil moisture. Thus, the LSeI is herein used to identify the areas with increase in soil moisture after the seismic event. The LSeI map of Bhuj is then correlated with field-based observation on Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) and Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR), depth to water table, soil density and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI). The derived LSeI values are in agreement with liquefaction susceptible criteria and observed LSI (R ² = 0.97). The results of the study indicate that the LSeI after calibration with LSI can be used as a quick tool to map the liquefied areas. On the basis of LSeI, LSI, CRR, CSR and saturation, the unconsolidated sediments of the Bhuj area are classified into three susceptibility classes.  相似文献   

胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘升传  王连俊 《工程地质学报》2006,14(4):454-461

地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。  相似文献   

模糊识别模式在粉土液化判别中的应用     

丁树云  毕庆涛  叶洪东  杜振川 《工程地质学报》2006,14(4):522-525

基于模糊数学的基本原理和方法,分析了粉土液化的影响因素,选取粉土的平均粒径,相对密度,标准贯入击数和上覆有效压力作为评价指标,构造粉土液化的模糊识别模式。验证和应用结果表明,模糊识别模式具有很好的映射能力,是粉土液化势预测的有效手段。  相似文献   

基于人工神经网络的砂土液化势评价   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

徐洪钟  吴浩 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(1):16-18

本文利用静力触探（ＣＰＴ）场地液化数据,建立了液化势判定的反向传播神经网络模型,研究表明,同传统方法相比,人工神经网络方法在判别砂土液化势方面是可行的。  相似文献   

Three-Dimensional Interpolation and Lithofacies Analysis of Granular Composition Data for Earthquake-Engineering Characterization of Shallow Soil     

Katsuaki Koike  Yoshihiro Shiraishi  Eduardo Verdeja  Kenji Fujimura 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(6):733-759

In Japan, many major cities are located on tectonic basins which are surrounded by faults and underlain by soft alluvial materials. Because these areas are subject to earthquake damages, it is important to determine their seismic engineering characteristics. Geotechnical databases which contain many borehole logs are useful information sources for this type of analysis. Each datum stored in the database has a value or an attribute, and its location is irregular in both horizontal and vertical directions. A new interpolation method based on the optimization principle is proposed here to deal with such three-dimensionally distributed data. Susceptibility of unconsolidated ground to liquefaction is known to be related to the content of loose and saturated sand. The mixture ratio of several soil types in a deposit, i.e., granular composition, is strongly influenced by the sedimentary environment. There are two numerical methods: the optimization principle method (OPM) used to determine three-dimensional distribution of granular composition and the model used to evaluate liquefaction. The application of the proposed methods to two locations in Japan indicated that the zones with high susceptibility to liquefaction were indeed those that had suffered from liquefaction during past earthquakes.  相似文献   

Study on Liquefying Simulation Test of Retaining Structure Ground of Kobe Port     

Fang Yun  Ghalandarzadeh A. 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1998,9(2)

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