Using ichnological relationships to interpret heterolithic fabrics in fluvio-tidal settings     

Scott Melnyk  Murray K. Gingras 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1069-1083

In fluvio-tidal settings, the sediment is dominantly derived from the river systems. However, the importance of landward tidal transport of sediment in tidally influenced sedimentary environments is difficult to assess, particularly in the rock record. This problem is addressed using two intervals within the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, each representing a distinct inclined heterolithic stratification motif. The ichnological variation between the heterolithic intervals is analyzed to determine which lithosomes are associated with brackish-water (tidally influenced) colonization windows. From this, the relative fluvial influence responsible for the deposition of the fine and coarse members can be determined. Both of the inclined heterolithic stratification fabrics studied record the deposition of fluvio-tidal point bars wherein the heterolithic bedding represents variations in river discharge. The first fabric comprises inclined heterolithic stratification in which bioturbation only occurs in mudstone beds. This fabric indicates that deposition occurred in more proximal positions within a fluvio-tidal system (i.e. the outermost inner to middle estuary or distributary channels). In this example sand deposition is interpreted to represent high-energy, freshwater dune migration within a fluvial-dominated setting, whereas mud beds reflect brackish-water suspension deposition during times of low river discharge. The second fabric, which is interpreted to have developed in more distal depositional positions (i.e. the middle estuary or seaward of the turbidity maximum in deltas), consists of inclined heterolithic stratification with laminated mudstone and bioturbated sandstone. In these inclined heterolithic stratification successions the mudstone beds were deposited under the influence of freshwater and heightened sedimentation rates, whereas bioturbated sandstone was colonized under brackish-water conditions and in the presence of tidally facilitated sediment transport. In both examples, the bioturbated lithosomes are related to colonization windows that indicate the predominance at that time of marine or tidally influenced processes over fluvial processes.  相似文献   

含采空区层状岩体微震信号传播规律试验研究     

贾宝新  王坤  孙傲  周琳力  孙闯  苏丽娟 《岩土力学》2020,41(10):3255-3265

微震信号在层状岩体中传播规律的研究对于实现震源准确定位具有重要的现实意义。在天然岩体中,微震信号在岩层中传播的速度,不仅受其内部因素即岩石自身物理性质的影响,还受外部因素如地质结构面、断层及采空区等条件的影响。通过室内试验的方法对微震信号在不同岩层及采空区处的传播规律进行研究。结果表明：波速随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,且岩层密度越大衰减越慢;穿过的结构面数量越多,微震信号传播速度衰减比例越大;能量的衰减与波速的衰减一致。采空区断面横截面积越大,微震信号通过的用时越长;采空区周围岩石密度、弹性模量等物理性质的数值越大,微震信号通过时衰减越少。边际谱分析结果表明：断层对频率高的微震信号阻碍作用更强。  相似文献   

基于HHT的结构强震记录分析研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

公茂盛  谢礼立  连海宁  戴君武 《地震工程与工程振动》2007,27(6):24-29

本文利用HHT(Hilbert-HUang Transform)研究了结构强震记录的时频特性及结构动力特性。介绍了一座7层钢混框架结构及其强震观测台阵概况以及经历的地震情况,选择了在3次有代表性地震中的强震记录,利用一种新的非平稳信号处理方法HHT对记录进行了处理和分析,得到了该结构强震记录的时频幅值三维分布以及边际谱,并将边际谱与傅里叶谱进行了对比,识别了结构的自振频率。研究表明,对结构强震记录这种强非平稳信号,可以利用HHT分析得到能量集中分布的频段与时间范围。HHT边际谱与傅里叶谱相比,在低频部分幅值要大于傅里叶谱,而在高频部分,幅值要小于傅里叶谱。利用结构强震记录识别的自振频率比环境振动测试结果要小。  相似文献   

1997年8月台湾浅滩南部边缘海域主要光学要素的多周日变化分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张学斌  胡建宇  张彩云  陈照章  林奋强  梁洪星  洪建胜 《海洋科学》2000,24(3):44-48

通过对１９９７年８月中旬在台湾浅滩南部边缘海域所获得的光学参数数据进行分析,对水下辐照度、光束衰减率和光束透射率等主要光学参数的多周日变化规律及其形成机制进行了探讨。认为调查期间,台湾浅滩南部的水下辐照度自上而下表现出了很好的规律性和一致性,各层的辐照度随时间峰谷型分布,与太阳辐射强度规律符合得较好;不同时刻的光束衰减率的垂直分布相似,往往在３０ｍ层上下出现一个峰值。光束透射率与光束衰减率存在反相  相似文献   

河北省平原地区水资源利用的边际效益分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王智勇  王劲峰  于静洁  刘昌明 《地理学报》2000,55(3):318-328

从经济学的角度给出了利用统计资料计算工农业用水边际效益的方法。并以保定地区为例 ,详细阐述实际运算过程中的数据处理、转换等方法 ,计算出河北省 7个平原地区的工农业用水边际效益值 ,并讨论边际效益在水资源分配中确定合理供水量的作用  相似文献   

Climatic features of the Mediterranean Sea detected by the analysis of the longwave radiative bulk formulae     

M. E. Schiano  M. Borghini  S. Castellari  C. Luttazzi 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(11):1482-1487

Some important climatic features of the Mediterranean Sea stand out from an analysis of the systematic discrepancies between direct measurements of longwave radiation budget and predictions obtained by the most widely used bulk formulae. In particular, under clear-sky conditions the results show that the surface values of both air temperature and humidity over the Mediterranean Sea are larger than those expected over an open ocean with the same amount of net longwave radiation. Furthermore, the twofold climatic regime of the Mediterranean region strongly affects the downwelling clear-sky radiation. This study suggests that a single bulk formula with constant numerical coefficients is unable to reproduce the fluxes at the surface for all the seasons.  相似文献   

Evolution of a post-batholith dike swarm in central coastal Queensland, Australia: arc-front to backarc?   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Charlotte M. Allen 《Lithos》2000,51(4):331-349

A swarm of felsic and mafic dikes cuts a Late Carboniferous–Permian batholith called the Urannah Suite in central coastal Queensland. Late Permian–Triassic westward thrusting (Hunter–Bowen Orogeny) exposed this mid-crustal Suite and the crosscutting dikes, thus enabling examination of dikes that range in age from syn- to post-batholithic. Although both mafic and felsic dikes have the same dominant northerly strike, field, geochronologic and geochemical examination reveal that the swarm is composite; felsic dikes are older (285 Ma) and geochemically and isotopically distinct from mafic dikes (273–229 Ma). Dike compositions are compared to those of the host plutonic rocks, and to volcanic rocks the same age as the dikes. Whereas the felsic (older) dikes are compositionally similar to their host granites (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr>0.7045), the mafic (younger) dikes are isotopically (Sr, Nd, Pb) less radiogenic. Moreover, several different types of mafic dikes are evident based on geochemistry; most of these have mixed characteristics in terms of tectonic classification. All but two dikes of basalt and basaltic andesite composition classify as ‘with-in plate' on Ti–Zr–Y tectonic classification plots. Many of the basalts have high TiO₂ contents (1.5–3.0 wt.%). Most of these have REE and spider diagram patterns like calc-alkaline tholeiites, the exceptions being a few alkali basalts recognized by their alkali content, and high Ti, Ce, Nb and Zr contents. When put into the context of all plutonic rocks in the area (late Paleozoic and Mesozoic), these dikes record a transition at 280 Ma, after which time, all magmatism in the region is less isotopically evolved (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.7033–0.7044). A model of slab retreat and hinge movement to the east in the latest Permian explains the change of geochemical signature from arc-front to backarc at about 280 Ma.  相似文献   

西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张过程和动力学背景   总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34  

任建业  李思田 《地学前缘》2000,7(3):203-213

西太平洋集中发育了全球 75%的边缘海盆地 ,这些盆地形成于始新世、渐新世—中新世和晚中新世—第四纪 3个边缘海扩张幕。文中介绍了边缘海盆地的基本特征和发育模式 ,详细讨论了西北太平洋边缘海盆地周缘板块构造时空格架及其对边缘海盆地形成、演化和关闭过程的控制作用。太平洋板块的俯冲及俯冲带的后退 ,印度—亚洲大陆碰撞的远程效应以及澳洲与印度尼西亚的碰撞是边缘海盆地的 3个重要的区域性控制因素。印度—亚洲大陆的碰撞所形成的向东和东南的地幔流可能推动了东亚大陆东侧和南侧俯冲带的后退 ,并引发弧后扩张作用。同时 ,由这一碰撞引起的东亚大陆边缘NE或NNE向断裂的右旋走滑 ,进一步影响和控制了边缘海盆地的几何学特征及演化。澳大利亚和印度尼西亚的碰撞阻碍了俯冲带的后退 ,导致了南海、Sulu海和Celebes海盆地的扩张终止。同时这一碰撞推动菲律宾海板块向北运移 ,并使Bonin弧与中央日本碰撞 ,导致日本海关闭  相似文献   

末次间冰期以来中国西北部沙漠边缘区夏季风变化初步研究   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

刘志刚  潘保田  邬光剑  管清玉 《中国沙漠》2000,20(4):375-377

通过对祁连山东段沙沟河黄土剖面CaCO₃含量、色度代用指标的综合分析,结合¹⁴C和热释光测年结果,揭示出了沙漠边缘区夏季风在末次间冰期(S₁)表现出5次增强时期。从指标曲线上能够反映出千年尺度的气侯变化,与GRIP孔的气候记录有很好的耦合性。这种气候不稳定性可能受控于高纬冰盖的变化,体现出全球气候性特点。在末次冰期,夏季风的反映就弱得多,气候长期表现为干冷,可能由于青藏高原的抬升,以及靠近沙漠边缘区,使夏季风在冰期难以到达,表现出区域性气候特点。  相似文献   

干旱区水资源费的构成与确定   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

李斌  樊胜岳  周立华 《中国沙漠》2001,21(1):50-55

干旱区水资源的稀缺性,使得确定缺水地区合理的水价体系,制定有效的水价政策,充分体现水资源的高"价值",成为合理利用水资源急需解决的问题。从分析水资源费的构成要素,并从边际机会成本的角度对水资源的价格进行了探讨,认为水资源的价格不是由其平均机会成本,而是由其边际机会成本决定的,水资源使用者所付的价格应等于社会负担的自然资源利用与耗竭的代价——边际机会成本。  相似文献