基于能量原理的Park & Ang损伤模型简化计算方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨伟  欧进萍 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(2)

Park＆Ang损伤模型综合考虑了结构最大变形和累积滞回耗能的耦合作用,具有一定的先进性,被国内外研究者广泛采用;但由于该模型中参数的计算困难,尤其涉及结构滞回耗能的计算问题时,该模型的应用受到了一定的限制;文中从能量的关系入手,寻找出结构滞回耗能与结构最大位移的关系,利用该关系可方便求解出结构的滞回耗能,从而为该模型的计算提供了一种简便方法;最后,例题分析证明本文的方法简便可行,计算效率高。  相似文献   

Ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations observed on DEMETER satellite before Chile M7.9 earthquake   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xuemin Zhang Jiadong Qian Xinyan Ouyang Xuhui Shen Jin’an Cai  Shufan Zhao Institute of Earthquake Science  China Earthquake Administration  Beijing  China 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(3):251-255

Based on the ionospheric electromagnetic data observed on DEMETER satellite of France, the ionospheric electromagnetic signals were analyzed within 10 days before Chile M7.9 earthquake on November 14, 2007. It is found that, low frequency electromagnetic disturbances began to increase in a large scale of latitude, and reached to a maximum one week prior to the earthquake, and at about three days before the quake, the peak values shifted to lower latitude. Taking three days as a group, spatial images of a fe...  相似文献   

对比分析中国有关场地条件对设计反应谱最大值的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵艳  郭明珠  李化明  王文仲 《地震地质》2009,31(1):186-196

对国内有关场地条件对设计反应谱最大值影响的研究现状作了介绍,对不同研究者所采用的研究方法和得出的结论进行了对比。通过对比发现了4点不同:1)场地类别划分标准不同;2)所用地震记录来源不同;3)地震动强度的划分依据不同;4)在计算场地系数时所参照的场地类别标准也不同。同时,发现中国规范中Ⅳ类场地的范围过于小,有必要进行调整。综合上述分析,提出用峰值加速度来表示地震动强度,按照Ⅱ类场地的峰值加速度来进行分组,以有效峰值加速度EPA作为计算标准更加合理。利用真实的地震记录,根据各个台站的地质剖面图,按照中国现行的场地类别划分标准对所得到的场地进行类别划分,通过计算不同类别场地的EPA,结合这些分析结果,建议了用于不同类别场地设计反应谱最大值的一组经验系数  相似文献   

Hazards from pyroclastic density currents at Mt. Etna (Italy)     

Boris Behncke   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,180(2-4):148

Despite the recent recognition of Mount Etna as a periodically violently explosive volcano, the hazards from various types of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) have until now received virtually no attention at this volcano. Large-scale pyroclastic flows last occurred during the caldera-forming Ellittico eruptions, 15–16 ka ago, and the risk of them occurring in the near future is negligible. However, minor PDCs can affect much of the summit area and portions of the upper flanks of the volcano. During the past ~ 20 years, small pyroclastic flows or base-surge-like vapor and ash clouds have occurred in at least 8 cases during summit eruptions of Etna. Four different mechanisms of PDC generation have been identified during these events: (1) collapse of pyroclastic fountains (as in 2000 and possibly in 1986); (2) phreatomagmatic explosions resulting from mixing of lava with wet rock (2006); (3) phreatomagmatic explosions resulting from mixing of lava with thick snow (2007); (4) disintegration of the unstable flanks of a lava dome-like structure growing over the rim of one of the summit craters (1999). All of these recent PDCs were of a rather minor extent (maximum runout lengths were about 1.5 km in November 2006 and March 2007) and thus they represented no threat for populated areas and human property around the volcano. Yet, events of this type pose a significant threat to the lives of people visiting the summit area of Etna, and areas in a radius of 2 km from the summit craters should be off-limits anytime an event capable of producing similar PDCs occurs. The most likely source of further PDCs in the near future is the Southeast Crater, the youngest, most active and most unstable of the four summit craters of Etna, where 6 of the 8 documented recent PDCs originated. It is likely that similar hazards exist in a number of volcanic settings elsewhere, especially at snow- or glacier-covered volcanoes and on volcano slopes strongly affected by hydrothermal alteration.  相似文献   

Sedimentological constraints on hydrometeor-enhanced particle deposition: 1992 Eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Adam J. Durant  William I. Rose 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,186(1-2):40

Water is a dominant component of volcanic clouds and has fundamental control on very fine particle deposition. Particle size characteristics of distal tephra-fall (100s km from source volcano) have a higher proportion of very fine particles compared to predictions based on single particle settling rates. In this study, sedimentological analyses of fallout from for the 18 August and 16–17 September 1992 eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska, are combined with satellite observations, and cloud trajectory and microphysics modeling to investigate meteorological influences on particle sedimentation. Total grain size distributions of tephra fallout were reconstructed for both Crater Peak eruptions and indicate a predominance of fine particles < 125 μm. Polymodal analysis of the deposits has identified a particle subpopulation with mode ~ 15–18 μm involved in particle aggregation. Accounting for the magmatic water source only, calculated ice water content of the 3.7 hour old September 1992 Spurr cloud was ~ 4.5 × 10^− 2 g m^− 3 (based on an estimated cloud thickness of ~ 1000 m from trajectory modeling). Hydrometeor formation on particles in the volcanic cloud and subsequent sublimation may induce a cloud base instability that leads to rapid bulk (en masse) sedimentation of very fine particles through a mammatus-like mechanism.  相似文献   

福建近岸海域滨海断裂的应力分析     

钟继茂 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(5):14-19

福建东南沿海地区曾发生多次强震。本文利用该区1604～1989年的47次地震的震源机制资料,采用力轴张量计算法推算了该区应力主轴方向,结果与其他文献给出的主压应力方向相符,即北西西-南东东向。在此基础上,得到最大剪切应力平面的走向和倾角。讨论了最大剪切应力平面与福建沿海近岸海域中存在的滨海断裂（牛山岛-兄弟屿断裂）的位置关系。从应力分析的角度初步探讨了滨海断裂带上地震活动由北向南增强的原因。  相似文献   

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen content of density fractions and effect of meadow degradation to soil carbon and nitrogen of fractions in alpine Kobresia meadow     

WANG WenYing  WANG QiJi & LU ZiYu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(5)

This research was conducted on the non-disturbed native alpine Kobresia meadow(YF) and the severely degraded meadow(SDL) of Dari County of Qinghai Province.By a density fractionation approach,each soil sample was divided into two fractions:light fraction(LF) and heavy fraction(HF).The obtained fractions were analyzed for organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) concentrations.The results showed:(1) the OC concentration in HF and LF was 3.84% and 28.63% respectively while the nitrogen concentration in HF and LF wa...  相似文献   

Optimization of a Photo‐assisted Fenton Oxidation Process: A Statistical Model for MDF Effluent Treatment     

Maedeh Galehdar  Habibollah Younesi  Mojtaba Hadavifar  Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(8):629-637

In the present study, the effects of initial COD (chemical oxygen demand), initial pH, Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ molar ratio and UV contact time on COD removal from medium density fiberboard (MDF) wastewater using photo‐assisted Fenton oxidation treatment were investigated. In order to optimize the removal efficiency, batch operations were carried out. The influence of the aforementioned parameters on COD removal efficiency was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for maximum COD removal efficiency from MDF wastewater under experimental conditions were obtained at initial COD of 4000 mg/L, Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ molar ratio of 0.11, initial solution pH of 6.5 and UV contact time of 70 min. The obtained results for maximum COD removal efficiency of 96% revealed that photo‐assisted Fenton oxidation is very effective for treating MDF wastewater.  相似文献   

深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵金洲 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):915-920

深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。  相似文献   

聚苯乙烯轻质混合土物理力学特性的影响因素   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

刘汉龙  董金梅  周云东  王俊杰  高玉峰 《岩土力学》2005,26(3):445-449

通过对聚苯乙烯轻质混合土物理、力学特性的试验,分析了聚苯乙烯轻质混合土中各组成材料及其他因素对其密度和抗压强度的影响。在此基础上,得出影响密度和抗压强度的主要因素,为配置轻质、高强的聚苯乙烯轻质混合土提供科学依据。  相似文献