Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Charles K. Paull  William R. Normark  William Ussler III  David W. Caress  Rendy Keaten 《Marine Geology》2008,250(3-4):258-275

Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (≥ 800 m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and one of these was explored with the remotely operated vehicle Tiburon. The mounds are > 10 m high and > 100 m wide dome-shaped bathymetric features. These mounds protrude from crests of broad anticlines (~ 20 m high and 1 to 3 km long) formed within latest Quaternary-aged seafloor sediment associated with compression between lateral offsets in regional faults. No allochthonous sediments were observed on the mounds, except slumped material off the steep slopes of the mounds. Continuous streams of methane gas bubbles emanate from the crest of the northeastern mound, and extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate pavements and chemosynthetic communities mantle the mound surface. The large local vertical displacements needed to produce these mounds suggests a corresponding net mass accumulation has occurred within the immediate subsurface. Formation and accumulation of pure gas hydrate lenses in the subsurface is proposed as a mechanism to blister the seafloor and form these mounds.  相似文献   

Uncertainty of gas saturation estimates in a subbituminous coal seam     

Tennille E. Mares  Tim A. Moore  Catherine R. Moore 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):320-327

To assess the commercial viability of a coalbed methane prospect two of the key geological parameters measured are gas content (desorbed gas) and gas holding capacity (adsorption capacity). These two measures, together with reservoir pressure, give an estimate of the gas saturation of the reservoir. Typically gas saturation has been assessed by collecting one adsorption isotherm sample and assuming it is representative of the whole seam reservoir conditions. This study addresses that assumption.To understand the level of variation, and thus the inherent uncertainty in saturation, one core (Jasper-1) from the Huntly coalfield in New Zealand was analysed in detail. Ten samples (representing the whole coal seam) were placed into gas desorption canisters and desorbed for ten days and then analysed for adsorption capacity. Desorption analyses for total measured gas content (average in-situ basis) ranged from 2.32 to 2.89 m³/t (standard deviation (sd) = 0.18) and gas adsorptive capacity at 4 MPa (average in-situ basis) from 2.11 to 3.51 m³/t (sd = 0.38) resulting in saturations ranging from 66% to 120% (sd = 15).Determination of how many samples are required to make a realistic assessment of average reservoir properties requires a consideration of: (i) the level of accuracy desired, (ii) the limit of accuracy possible, which is governed by the magnitude of experimental error, and (iii) the innate variability of the seam. It was found that a minimum of five samples each for adsorption and desorption were required in order to significantly decrease the uncertainty in gas saturation estimates for a subbituminous coal.  相似文献   

Apatite fission-track study on the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield in Anhui Province, China： Tectonic implications for the potential coalbed methane resource   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaoming Li  Gelin Peng 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(4):405-412

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a kind of burgeoning and enormously potential clean energy resource, and the temperature of the thermogenic CBM generation is close to that of the partial annealing zone (PAZ) of apatite fission tracks (AFT). In this study the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield and the potential CBM resource were studied and discussed by using the AFT method. The AFT data indicate that the apparent ages of AFT vary from 45.5 to 199.1 Ma. They are younger than the ages of their host strata (255–1800 Ma) except one sample, and the single-grain ages of AFT can be classified as a single age group for each sample. In combination with the geological setting, modeling results of the AFT ages, average lengths, and the thermal history based on the AFT single-grain ages and length distributions, some preliminary conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) at least three thermo-tectonic events (in the periods of ∼240, 140 and 80 Ma, respectively) have occurred in the study area since the Late Paleozoic. The occurrence of both the first (during 240–220 Ma) and second (during 160–120 Ma) thermo-tectonic events is possibly responsible for the establishment of the patterns of gas generation and reservoir formation. The second thermo-tectonic event also led to slight accumulation of hydrocarbons and generation of thermogenic gas; (2) the AFT ages of most coal-bearing strata lie between 50 and 70 Ma. They should represent the cooling ages and the ages of inferred uplift and denudation, as well as the possible CBM release history. Therefore, the maximum burial depth of coal-bearing strata and the denudation thickness of the overlying strata are over 3000 and 2000 m in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene series, respectively; and (3) subsequently, a spot of secondary biogenic and scarcely thermogenic gas generation occurred due to negligible sedimentation during the Neogene and Quaternary periods. Thus, it can be presumed that subsequent tectonism would destroy the CBM reservoir after its formation in the Huainan Coalfield, especially in its structural development region. These AFT data may be helpful for a better understanding of the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield, as well as of CBM generation, storage and release in the Huainan Coalfield.  相似文献   

全球与区域天然气水合物中天然气资源量估算   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王淑红  宋海斌  颜文 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(4):1145-1154

天然气水合物作为未来的一种替代能源引起了国内外很多研究者的关注,他们从不同的方面对天然气水合物进行了研究.随着研究的深入,许多研究者发现,全球天然气水合物中天然气资源量并没有最初认为的那么多,而且相差了几个数量级,这就大大降低了天然气水合物在未来能源中的地位.本文的研究目的是通过分析全球天然气水合物中天然气资源量的估算方法,归纳总结有关全球及区域估算天然气水合物中天然气资源量的文献,使人们对天然气水合物有个重新的认识,同时为未来的能源勘探开发提供一定的参考.通过分析我们发现全球天然气水合物中天然气资源量的估算值随着人们对天然气水合物认识程度的增加而降低;而且目前能够较准确反映全球海洋天然气水合物中天然气资源量的估算值是（1~5）×1015m3（大约500~2 500 Gt甲烷碳）.我们通过总结国外及国内几个典型区域的天然气资源量估算值还发现,国外研究者主要是根据钻孔及BSR资料确定用于计算天然气资源量的参数,使得计算结果较符合实际;而国内的学者基本是使用模拟计算及假设的方法确定各种参数,估算值仍存在很大差异,因此,我们认为只有获得实测数据才能使国内的估算结果更加接近实际.  相似文献   

煤成甲烷、乙烷碳同位素动力学研究和应用--以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤成气为例   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

帅燕华  邹艳荣  刘金钟  彭平安 《地质论评》2005,51(6):665-671

同位素动力学模型的发展和应用使天然气的研究工作进入了一个动态的研究阶段。迄今为止,大多数研究工作集中在甲烷的碳同位素动力学模拟。而少有地球化学家对乙烷及其他重烃气组分的碳同位素组成的动力学模拟加以重视。本文在甲烷碳同位素动力学模型基础上,编制了限定体系下乙烷的同位素动力学模拟软件。并在热解模拟实验的基础上对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤成气甲烷、乙烷的同位素演化进行了模拟,获得长期累积甲烷、乙烷的同位素值分别为δ^1C1=-33．46‰3、δ^13C2=-23．1‰,与上古生界储层中天然气的组分特征（δ^13C1=-32．95％。、δ^13C2=-23．41‰）基本一致,与下古生界天然气的同位素组成存在着明显的差别,说明上古生界煤与上古生界天然气存在着源—气的对应关系;而对下古生界天然气来说,上古生界煤系不是主要的气源岩。  相似文献   

天然气甲烷碳同位素动力学研究及其应用:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉2气田为例     

李贤庆  肖贤明  唐永春  肖中尧  米敬奎  刘德汉  申家贵 《高校地质学报》2005,11(1):137-144

通过有压力的黄金管封闭体系生烃模拟实验和GC-IRMS测定,结合GOR-Isotope Kinetics专用软件,求取了塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠系-侏罗系烃源岩生成甲烷的碳同位素动力学参数。结合地质背景,探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。克拉2气田天然气主要来源于早中侏罗世煤系烃源岩,属阶段捕获气,为-5Ma以来的天然气聚集,对应成熟度范围Ro为1．3％-2．5％。在此基础上,建立了克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏动力学模式,从而为天然气定量评价和动态研究提供了新思路。  相似文献   

一种新的煤层气产出动态预测模型     

焦思红  秦勇  屈永华 《煤田地质与勘探》2001,29(2):28-30

运用灰色系统和时间序列分析理论,建立了一种用于煤层气产出量拟合与预测的动态模型——等维递补灰色-时序组合模型。将这一新的模型应用于山西沁水盆地南部潘庄地区某些典型煤层气井排采量数据的拟合与预测。结果表明,其对历史数据的拟合具有较高的精度,可以适用于煤层气排采的中长期预测。   相似文献   

中外低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力对比分析——以中国吐哈盆地和保德河盆地为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

员争荣  韩玉芹  李建武  郑玉柱  董敏涛 《煤田地质与勘探》2003,31(5):27-29

从吐哈盆地和保德河盆地的沉积、地层、成煤、构造等背景出发,结合两盆地煤层气勘探所取得的煤储层资料,对比分析了低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力。分析表明,吐哈盆地和保德河盆地虽然分属于不同的大地构造单元,盆地演化不同,但其含煤性相似,特别是同属低变质的褐煤—亚烟煤类,含煤性较好,沉积、水文地质条件近似,因而盆地煤层气成藏具有一定的可比性。美国保德河等低变质煤盆地煤层气商业性开发成功的事实说明,对于低变质煤盆地,即使气含量较低,但只要成藏条件合适,其仍然具有煤层气资源开发潜力   相似文献   

煤层气井历史拟合方法探讨   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王晓梅  张群  张培河  陈鸿春 《煤田地质与勘探》2003,31(1):20-22

借鉴油藏的历史拟合方法,结合煤储层自身特征,概括了煤层气井历史拟合的原则和步骤。把该方法应用于新集煤层气井的拟合,取得良好效果。   相似文献   

二元气体等温吸附实验及其对煤层甲烷开发的意义   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

唐书恒  汤达祯杨起 《地球科学》2004,29(2):219-223

分别进行了CH₄-CO₂和CH₄-N₂二元混合气体的等温吸附实验, 并且分析了二元气体在吸附过程中各组分浓度的变化规律.结果表明, 在CH₄-N₂二元气体的吸附过程中, 吸附相中CH₄组分的相对浓度逐渐增加, N₂组分的相对浓度逐渐减少.在CO₂-CH₄二元气体的吸附过程中, 吸附相中CO₂组分的相对浓度逐渐增加, CH₄组分的相对浓度逐渐减少.实验结果证实了CO₂在与CH₄的竞争吸附中占据优势, 而N₂在与CH₄的竞争吸附中处于劣势.注入CO₂比注入N₂可以更有效地置换或驱替煤层甲烷, 提高煤层甲烷的采收率.   相似文献