Dynamics in land-surface conditions on the Tibetan Plateau observed by Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR)     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1079-1093

Abstract

A time series analysis of 152 VV-polarized Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Wide Swath Mode (WSM) images collected over the central part of the Tibetan Plateau is presented for the period from April 2005 to September 2007. The signatures of a grassland and a wetland are studied to identify the impact of three land-surface states on the backscatter (σ°). The considered land-surface states are soil moisture, soil temperature and vegetation biomass represented by Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Comparison of the σ° time series with these land-surface states via a multivariate regression shows that the grassland σ° are well represented by the soil moisture dynamics, while the wetland σ° also has a strong correlation with soil temperature. Further, we found that the contribution of the NDVI to the explanation of the temporal σ° variability is limited for both the grassland and wetland.  相似文献   

四川盆地南部地区新生代隆升剥露研究——低温热年代学证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

邓宾  刘树根  王国芝  李智武  刘顺  曹俊兴 《地球物理学报》2013,56(6):1958-1973

本文通过背斜褶皱变形与低温热年代学年龄(磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He、磷灰石裂变径迹)端元模型研究,约束低起伏度、低斜率地貌特征的四川盆地南部地区新生代隆升剥露过程.四川盆地南部沐川和桑木场背斜地区新生代渐新世-中新世发生了相似的快速隆升剥露过程(速率为~0.1 mm/a、现今地表剥蚀厚度1.0~2.0 km),反映出盆地克拉通基底对区域均一性快速抬升冷却过程的控制作用.川南沐川地区磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄值为~10-28.6 Ma, 样品年龄与古深度具有明显的线性关系,揭示新生代~10-30 Ma以速率为0.12±0.02 mm/a的稳态隆升剥露过程.桑木场背斜地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为~36-52 Ma,古深度空间上样品AFT年龄变化不明显(~50 Ma)、且具有相似的径迹长度(~12.0 μm).磷灰石裂变径迹热演化史模拟表明桑木场地区经历三个阶段热演化过程:埋深增温阶段(~80 Ma以前)、缓慢抬升冷却阶段(80-20 Ma)和快速隆升剥露阶段(~20 Ma-现今),新生代隆升剥露速率大致分别为~0.025 mm/a和~0.1 mm/a.新生代青藏高原大规模地壳物质东向运动与四川盆地克拉通基底挤压,受板缘边界主断裂带差异性构造特征控制造就了青藏高原东缘不同的边界地貌特征.  相似文献   

MEASURING CHANNEL PLANFORM OF MEANDERING RIVERS     

Robert Andrle 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):270-281

The traditional measure of river-channel sinuosity, P, is shown to vary with scale of measurement, the geometric character of the particular reach, and the starting point of the divider walk. Meander wavelength, L, suffers from non-reproducibility caused by the subjective identification of inflection points, a problem compounded by the irregularity of river meanders. Applicability of the angle measure technique (AMT) to the measurement of meander planform is demonstrated. The AMT considers variations in the complexity of meandering with scale, eliminating the dependence of results on scale of measurement. The AMT also samples the river at random points rather than sequentially, unlike the divider walk used to calculate P, avoiding the dependence of P on the starting position of the divider walk. The AMT also does not require subjective identification of inflection points as wavelength L does. Additionally, the traditional measures P and L are difficult to apply to manifestly underfit rivers. In this study, the AMT is applied to two underfit rivers and measures of meander size and sinuosity are calculated for each set of meanders. [Key words: sinuosity, meanders, wavelength, underfit river, fluvial geomorphology.]  相似文献   

基于InSAR识别的黄土高原活动性地质灾害发育规律分析     

姚闯闯  姚鑫  顾畛逵  任开瑀  周振凯 《地质力学学报》2022,28(2):257-267

地震、 降雨、 人类工程活动诱发的活动性地质灾害在黄土高原频现,但由于其地域广阔、 构造活跃、 地貌类型多样、 各地黄土特性差异较大,一直以来缺乏活动性地质灾害发育分布的系统认识.InSAR技术具有大范围观测地表变形的能力,文章利用2019年1月1日至2020年3月31日期间40期Sentinal-1 SAR数据,计算...  相似文献   

西藏高原典型草地地上生物量遥感估算   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

除多  德吉央宗  姬秋梅  唐红 《国土资源遥感》2013,25(3)

准确估算草地地上生物量对合理规划区域畜牧业、评估草地植被的生态效益有重要意义.利用每月两次的野外调查资料和对应的MODIS植被指数,以GIS空间数据处理技术和多元统计分析方法等为手段,建立了西藏高寒草甸、高寒草原和温性草原3个典型草地类型的地上生物量遥感估算模型和方法.结果表明:MODIS植被指数更适合于高寒草甸和高寒草原的地上生物量估算,对于高寒草甸,最佳估算模型是基于归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)的三次多项式,其相关系数为0.82;对高寒草原,则是基于增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)的三次多项式,相关系数达0.83;由于温性草原存在很强的空间异质性,估算效果较其他2个草地类型差.MODIS植被指数对草地生长期鲜草生物量的估算和模拟效果要优于总地上生物量.在生长期,高寒草甸和高寒草原的鲜草生物量与植被指数之间的相关系数都大于0.8,最高达0.92;对温性草原,两者的相关系数也均大于0.67,其中,NDVI是高寒草甸和温性草原鲜草生物量估算的最佳植被指数,对高寒草原则是EVI.对同一草地类型,由于地上生物量差异较小,使得相比其他模型,线性或多项式回归模型更适合于西藏高原草地地上生物量的估算.  相似文献   

Forward simulation of gravity for crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe profile in eastern Tibetan plateau     

Xiaoping Ke  Yong Wang  Houze Xu 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(4):300-305

The crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe geophysical profile in eastern Tibetan plateau is simulated with Bouguer anomaly corrected for sediments and lithosphere. The forward simulation shows that the thickness of upper crust in eastern Tibetan plateau is about 20 km, and the density is 2.78×103kg/m3. The bottom interface of middle crust changes from 30 km to 40 km, the density of middle crust is 2.89×103kg/m3. The materials with low density of 2.78 ×103kg/m3 exist in middle crust, and those with high density of 3.33 ×103kg/m3 exist at the bottom of middle crust between Wenquan and Tanggemu. The density is 3.10 ×103kg/m3 in lower crust. The shallowest depth of Moho interface is about 56 km, and the deepest one is about 74 km, the undulation of interface is large, the deep Moho is located in Xiachayu, Chayu, Nujiang, and Wenquan. The crustal density of eastern Tibetan plateau is larger than that of central section; the low velocity layers are located in middle crust and bottom in eastern Tibetan plateau and at the bottom of the upper crust in the central plateau.  相似文献   

Change in Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau Projected by Weighted CMIP6 Models     

Yin ZHAO  Tianjun ZHOU  Wenxia ZHANG  Jian LI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1133-1150

Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important to local and downstream ecosystems. Based on a weighting method considering model skill and independence, changes in the TP precipitation for near-term (2021–40), mid-term (2041–60) and long-term (2081–2100) under shared socio-economic pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) are projected with 27 models from the latest Sixth Phase of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project. The annual mean precipitation is projected to increase by 7.4%–21.6% under five SSPs with a stronger change in the northern TP by the end of the 21st century relative to the present climatology. Changes in the TP precipitation at seasonal scales show a similar moistening trend to that of annual mean precipitation, except for the drying trend in winter precipitation along the southern edges of the TP. Weighting generally suggests a slightly stronger increase in TP precipitation with reduced model uncertainty compared to equally-weighted projections. The effect of weighting exhibits spatial and seasonal differences. Seasonally, weighting leads to a prevailing enhancement of increase in spring precipitation over the TP. Spatially, the influence of weighting is more remarkable over the northwestern TP regarding the annual, summer and autumn precipitation. Differences between weighted and original MMEs can give us more confidence in a stronger increase in precipitation over the TP, especially for the season of spring and the region of the northwestern TP, which requires additional attention in decision making.  相似文献   

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China: A Cloud-resolving Model Study     

Jinghua CHEN  Xiaoqing WU  Chunsong LU  Yan YIN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1034-1049

The seasonal and diurnal variations of cloud systems are profoundly affected by the large-scale and local environments. In this study, a one-year-long simulation was conducted using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and two subregions of Eastern China: Southern East China and Central East China. Deep convective clouds (DCCs) rarely occur in the cold season over ETP, whereas DCCs appear in Eastern China throughout the year, and the ETP DCCs are approximately 20%?30% shallower than those over Eastern China. Most strong rainfall events (precipitation intensity, PI> 2.5 mm h^?1) in Eastern China are related to warm-season DCCs with ice cloud processes. Because of the high elevation of the ETP, the warm-season freezing level is lower than in Eastern China, providing favorable conditions for ice cloud processes. DCCs are responsible for the diurnal variations of warm-season rainfall in all three regions. Warm-season DCCs over the ETP have the greatest total cloud water content and frequency in the afternoon, resulting in an afternoon rainfall peak. In addition, rainfall events in the ETP also exhibit a nocturnal peak in spring, summer, and autumn due to DCCs. Strong surface heat fluxes around noon can trigger or promote DCCs in spring, summer, and autumn over the ETP but produce only cumulus clouds in winter due to the cold and dry environment.  相似文献   

The Impact of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Summer Temperature in Central Asia     

Xuke LIU  Xiaojing JIA  Min WANG  Qifeng QIAN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1103-1114

The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙地湖盆周缘植被与地下水关系研究     

侯荣哲  杨娜  孟甲  蔺成龙  张姣姣 《地下水》2012,(3):10-11,49

受气候变化和人类活动的两重影响,鄂尔多斯高原湖泊呈现不同程度的萎缩趋势,对本区的生态环境产生重大影响。在鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙漠腹地选择有代表性湖泊—布寨淖尔湖为研究区,在野外调查的基础上,选取典型剖面详细研究优势植被与地下水的关系,系统总结湖盆周缘地形地貌、包气带岩性结构、地下水水位埋深、水化学特征与植物类型和植被种群的关系,分析影响植被生态的主要因素,揭示湖盆周缘生态水文地质分带规律,划分4个生态水文地质区,提出湖盆周缘优势植被沙蒿(Artemisia)、沙柳(Salix psammophila)和苔草(Carex)的适生地下水位埋深。  相似文献