A weighted-averaging regression and calibration model for inferring lakewater salinity from fossil diatom assemblages in saline lakes of the Vestfold Hills: a new tool for interpreting Holocene lake histories in Antarctica     

D. Roberts  A. McMinn 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,19(2):99-113

The relationship between surface sediment diatom assemblages and measured limnological variables in thirty-three coastal Antarctic lakes from the Vestfold Hills was examined by constructing a diatom-water chemistry dataset. Previous analysis of this dataset by canonical correspondence analysis revealed that salinity accounted for a significant amount of the variation in the distribution of the diatom assemblages. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration of this diatom-salinity relationship was used to establish a transfer function for the reconstruction of past lakewater salinity from fossil diatom assemblages. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration with classical deshrinking provided the best model for salinity reconstructions and this was applied to the fossil diatom assemblages from one of the saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills in order to assess its potential for palaeosalinity and palaeoclimate reconstruction.  相似文献   

Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai, lithospheric mantle subduction, and oblique, strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet plateau   总被引：57，自引：0，他引：57  

B. Meyer  P. Tapponnier  L. Bourjot  F. Métivier  Y. Gaudemer  G. Peltzer  Guo Shunmin  & Chen Zhitai 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,135(1):1-47

  相似文献   

山地平原交界带与区域可持续发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钟兆站 《地理科学进展》1998,17(2):25-33

本文论述陆地系统界面－山地平原交界带的概念、分布、自然灾害与资源环境特点及其与区域可持续发展的关系。分析指出,山地平原交界带不仅是自然资源丰富、多种自然灾害频繁发生的地带,而且又是社会、经济、文化方面的明显过渡带,具有独特的自然、经济、人文地理景观。加强山地平原交界带等陆地系统界面的研究,对建立和发展陆地系统科学,实施区域可持续发展战略具有重大意义。  相似文献   

越岭隧道地区构造应力场测量方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈强  徐文龙  魏有仪  巫锡勇 《矿物岩石》1998,(Z1)

本文讨论了越岭隧道地区现代构造应力场研究方法和技术,提出了采用微构造法、岩石声发射法、数值模拟等方法,由定性到定量、由点到面地综合研究越岭隧道地区的区域构造应力场特征。为未来越岭隧道地区现代构造应力场的研究和测量提供了一套较为系统的新方法。  相似文献   

云南高原山地机场强对流短临预报系统研究          下载免费PDF全文

高兵  毕波  杨航 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(2):109-113

基于天气雷达、地面和探空观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、FNL 数值预报产品,应用强对流天气分类识别技术和短时临近预报技术,开展风暴临近预报、强对流天气分类预警、基于数值预报的强风暴潜势诊断等研究,获得大理、丽江、西双版纳等高原山地机场及周边区域强降水、雷暴、大风、冰雹等灾害性天气的0～2h实时定量预报产品和0～12h强对流天气潜势预报产品,建立可业务运行的机场强对流天气短时临近预报系统。通过检验,证明该预报系统有较好的强对流天气预报预警能力,满足机场业务需求。  相似文献   

Numerical Study on Vortices in the Middle Layer of Flow around a Large Mountain under Rotating Stratified Conditions     

Yu?HozumiEmail author  Hiromasa?Ueda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(10):1779-1793

Generation of cyclonic vortices in the middle layer of flow around a large mountain like Tibet and Rocky was investigated by means of a 3-D nonhydrostatic meteorological prognostic model. Special attention was paid to the effects of the earth’s rotation and stratification on the vortices detached successively from the slope of a high and large horizontal scale mountain. It was found the successive formation and detachment of such ‘von Karman-like vortices’ occurred in the flow regime at high Rossby numbers Ro and low Froude numbers Fr. It was successfully divided by the criterion of baroclinic instability. This means that if the condition is unstable baroclinically, a lee vortex is destabilized into a three-dimensional one, while under baroclinically stable conditions the lee vortex with vertical axis retains its standing structure and remains long lasting in the middle layer.  相似文献   

Distribution of diatom assemblages and their relationship to environmental variables in the surface sediments of three northern Egyptian lakes     

Abdelfattah?ZalatEmail author  Simone Servant?Vildary 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,34(2):159-174

Surficial sediments of three northern Egyptian lakes (Manzala, Burullus and Edku) show differences in diatom assemblages deposited in different sites of these lakes. A total of 172 species and varieties belonging to 58 genera were identified and counted from 62 samples. Of these, 163 diatom taxa were recorded from Manzala Lake sediments, 147 taxa were found in Burullus Lake sediments, and 117 taxa were identified in Edku Lake sediments. The considerable variation in the composition and distribution of the diatom assemblages among these lakes was mainly related to differences in the water quality, salinity, the concentration of nutrients and climatic changes. The planktonic diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana was dominant in the majority of the samples from Manzala Lake, but dominant in only a few samples from the middle parts of Burullus and Edku lakes. The non-planktonic epiphytic taxa Cocconeis placentula and Epithemia sorex were the subdominant species in the surface sediments, especially in shallow and marginal parts of the lakes. Multivariate statistical techniques (hierarchical ascending clustering and canonical correspondence analysis) were used to identify ecological groups of diatoms and to investigate which environmental variables were important in explaining the variation between these groups. Eight ecological groups containing distinctive diatom assemblages reflect current environmental conditions; especially saltwater intrusion in the north and nutrient-rich freshwater in the south.  相似文献   

Diatom-based models for reconstructing past water quality and productivity in New Zealand lakes   总被引：17，自引：12，他引：5  

Michael?ReidEmail author 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(1):13-38

The trophic status of lakes in New Zealand is, on average, low compared to more densely populated areas of the globe. Despite this, trends of eutrophication are currently widespread due to recent intensification in agriculture. In order to better identify baseline productivity and establish long-term trends in lake trophic status, diatom-based transfer functions for productivity-related parameters were developed. Water quality data and surface sediment diatom assemblages from 53 lakes across the North and South Islands of New Zealand were analysed to determine species responses to the principal environmental gradients in the data set. Repeat sampling of water chemistry over a 12-month period enabled examination of species responses to annual means as well as means calculated for stratified and mixed periods. Variables found to be most strongly correlated with diatom species distributions were chlorophyll a (Chl a), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ionic concentration (measured as electrical conductivity (EC)) and pH. These variables were used to develop diatom-based transfer functions using weighted averaging regression and calibration (simple, tolerance down-weighted and with partial least squares algorithm applied). Overall, models derived for stratified means were weaker than those using annual or isothermal means. For specific variables, the models derived for the isothermal mean of EC (WA-tol r²_jack = 0.79; RMSEP = 0.15 log₁₀ S cm^–1),the annual mean of pH (WA r²_jack = 0.72; RMSEP = 0.25 pH units) and the isothermal mean of Chl a (WA r²_jack = 0.71; RMSEP = 0.18 log₁₀ mg m^–3 Chl a) performed best. The models derived for TP were weak in comparison (for the annual mean of TP: WA r²_jack = 0.50; RMSEP = 0.24 log₁₀ mg m^–3 TP) and residuals on estimates for this model were correlated with several other water quality variables, suggesting confounding of species responses to TP concentrations. The model derived for the isothermal mean of DRP was relatively strong (WA-tol r²_jack = 0.78; RMSEP = 0.17 log₁₀ mg m^–3 DRP); however, residual values for this model were also found to be strongly correlated with several other water quality variables. It is concluded that the poor performance of the TP and DRP transfer functions relative to that of the Chl a model reflects the coexistence of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation within the lakes in the data set. In spite of this, the suite of transfer functions developed from the training set is regarded as a valuable addition to palaeolimnological studies in NewZealand.  相似文献   

Relationships between environmental variables and zooplankton subfossils in the surface sediments of 36 shallow coastal brackish lakes with special emphasis on the role of fish   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Susanne Lildal?AmsinckEmail author  Erik?Jeppesen  Frank?Landkildehus 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(1):39-51

Subfossil zooplankton assemblages (Cladocera 22 taxa, Rotifera 1 taxon) were identified from the surface sediments of 36 shallow (median depth = 0.7 m) Danish coastal brackish lakes differing in epilimnic salinity (SAL, range 0.2–17.4), summer-mean total phosphorus (TP, 27–327 g l^–1) and total nitrogen (TN, 0.850–2.629 mg l^–1), as well as in submerged macrophyte coverage and planktivorous fish density (PL-CPUE). Cladoceran species richness declined significantly with increasing SAL, TP and TN, while no significant correlation was found to either PL-CPUE, macrophyte coverage or lake surface area. Bonferroni-adjusted forward selection within canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that 22.1% of the variation in zooplankton data was explained by PL-CPUE, SAL and TP uniquely; each variable explaining an almost equally significant amount of variation in the zooplankton data. Predictive models to infer PL-CPUE, SAL and TP were developed using variance weighted-averaging (WA) procedures. Almost similar values of boot-strapped coefficient of determination (r²_{boot-strapped} 0.22–0.38) were produced by the WA inference models of PL-CPUE, SAL and TP, while the inference models of TP produced the lowest boot-strapped root-mean-squared-error of prediction (RMSEP_{boot-strapped} 0.29–0.36 log(TP + 1), g l^–1). Yet, zooplankton TP and SAL optima (WA) were strongly correlated (r² = 0.46), while PL-CPUE optima (WA) were independent of both TP and SAL optima, indicating that only the PL-CPUE inference models are suitable for making reconstructions.  相似文献   

Diatom responses to 20th century climate-related environmental changes in high-elevation mountain lakes of the northern Canadian Cordillera   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tammy?L.?Karst-RiddochEmail author  Michael?F.?J.?Pisaric  John?P.?Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(3):265-282

Diatom responses to 20th century climate-related environmental change were assessed from three high-elevation lakes in the northern Canadian Cordillera. Dominance of small benthic Fragilaria diatoms reflect the generally cold conditions with long periods of ice cover that have characterized these mountain lakes over at least the last ~300 years until the period of recent warming. At the turn of the 20th century, salient shifts in the diatom assemblages reveal individualistic limnological responses with the onset of climate warming trends in northwest Canada. At YK3 Lake, an oligotrophic, chemically dilute, alpine lake, increased representation of the planktonic Cyclotella pseudostelligera may reflect longer ice-free conditions and/or more stable thermal stratification. By contrast, in the more productive, alkaline lakes (BC2 and Deadspruce lakes), changes to more diverse assemblages of periphytic diatoms suggest greater benthic habitat availability, most likely associated with the enhanced growth of aquatic plants with lengthening of the growing seasons. In addition, diatom assemblages from these lakes suggest less alkaline conditions following the onset of 20th century climate warming. Continued alkalinity reduction throughout the 20th century is qualitatively inferred at the lower elevation, treeline lake (Deadspruce Lake), while greater representation of alkaliphilous Fragilaria diatoms after ~1950 suggested increased alkalinity at the alpine BC2 Lake. Our results confirm the sensitivity of diatoms from high-elevation mountain lakes to regional climate change in northwest Canada. Individualistic limnological responses to 20th century warming are potentially attributed to differences in their physical setting (e.g., bedrock geology, elevation, catchment vegetation) in this complex mountain environment.  相似文献