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21.
We examine the types of icings (aufeis) in the river basins of Primorski Krai. An assessment is made of the conditions for their formation in autumn and winter and for their decay in the spring-summer time. Depending on the type of icings, we identified the character of their impact on the main components of landscape: relief, hydrological regime of streams, soil, vegetation, etc. The emphasis in this study is on the icing formations in the zone of seasonally frozen earth materials and, to a lesser extent, in areas of permafrost islands. 相似文献
22.
太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化—2.磷释放的热力学机制及源-汇转换 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对云贵高原西北部鹤庆钻孔古湖相沉积岩芯的粒度、碳酸盐含量和烧失量等指标的综合分析、研究,重建了鹤庆盆地2．78 Ma以来的古环境演化过程．岩芯磁性地层表明,鹤庆湖盆形成于约2．78 Ma．环境代用指标的综合分析显示:鹤庆盆地2．78 Ma以来有过三次大的环境转变,即2．65 Ma鹤庆湖盆积水成湖,1．55 Ma、0．99 Ma左右山盆高差两次加大,这分别与青藏运动B幕、C幕和昆黄运动耦合． 相似文献
23.
胶州湾是我国的一个典型近海海湾,也是近海生态系统的缩影。历史上胶州湾海域赤潮频发,因此也是研究赤潮暴发机制(包括赤潮物种组成、时空动态变化及对环境因子响应)的理想实验场所。迄今,几代科学家对胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种开展了长期而系统的调查研究,获得了大量的研究成果。为了系统跟踪胶州湾海域浮游植物群落组成,尤其是赤潮物种的组成变化,本文对近84年间(1936—2019年)胶州湾海域涉及浮游植物调研的54个调查数据结果进行了系统的统计和比较分析。文献共报道了549种浮游植物,包括硅藻326种、甲藻164种、绿藻21种、金藻9种、隐藻9种、淡色藻6种、定鞭藻5种、蓝藻3种、黄藻3种、下睫虫2种、裸藻1种和针胞藻1种。其中只有不到一半(40.29%)的浮游植物的全长18S rDNA序列得到解析,表明分子标记数据库需要继续完善,促进宏条形码分析的有效应用。胶州湾海域的优势浮游植物随时间的推移发生了较大变化,但是报道的甲藻与硅藻物种数的比例没有显著的变化。统计表明,研究者在胶州湾共鉴定到153种赤潮物种,包括硅藻79种、甲藻67种、定鞭藻2种、金藻2种、淡色藻1种、黄藻1种和针胞藻1种。胶州湾海域的典型优势浮游植物均为赤潮物种,包括中肋骨条藻、短角弯角藻、旋链角毛藻、加氏星杆藻、日本星杆藻、星脐圆筛藻和尖刺拟菱形藻,其中短角弯角藻和中肋骨条藻是胶州湾海域的"常驻"赤潮物种。本文通过系统综述胶州湾浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性,为利用宏条形码和宏基因组等方法跟踪研究胶州湾和其他海域的浮游植物和赤潮物种的演化奠定了基础。 相似文献
24.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):199-209
Diffusion is one of the predominant contaminant transport mechanisms in fine-grained soils. Usually, conventional methods such as half-cell and column tests are adopted for establishing diffusion characteristics of such soils. However, these techniques are destructive in nature, quite time-consuming, and require cumbersome chemical analysis of the soil and its pore-solution. Hence, development of a technique that would overcome these limitations and would yield precise results, in extremely short duration, becomes essential. With this in view, a modified Perspex diffusion cell with provision for inserting a series of stainless steel electrodes has been fabricated to monitor the diffusive contaminant transport, indirectly, based on the variation of electrical impedance of the soil. An LCR meter is employed to measure the electrical impedance of the soil across each electrode over a period. Further, the electrical impedance variation is indirectly correlated to the diffusion of contaminants that occurs in the soil. Details of the study and the test setup developed for this purpose are presented in this paper. It has been demonstrated that the technique based on electrical impedance measurement is quite useful and efficient for establishing diffusion characteristics of the fine-grained soil. 相似文献
25.
高密度电法在地基勘探中的效果 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
通过对某机场主跑道高密度电法实测资料的处理和分析，简述了所探测的异常体在多咎处理图件上的反映特征及高密度电法在地基勘探中的效果。 相似文献
26.
The 12 km wide and about 175 m deep El’gygytgyn crater lake in Central Chukotka, NE Siberia, is of special interest for investigation
as it could provide the first undisturbed 3.6 Ma terrestrial record from the Arctic realm, reaching back a million years before
the first major glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere. A single-channel seismic survey was carried out on an expedition to
the lake in 2000, in which both high resolution and deep penetration data were acquired. Seismic data suggest an impact crater
structure in Cretaceous volcanic bedrock, indicated by velocities of >5000 m s−1, whose upper 500–600 m is brecciated. The lake is filled with two units of sediments, the upper one well stratified and the
lower one massive. In the center of the lake, the combined thickness of the two sedimentary units is estimated to be 320–350 m.
The upper unit is draped over the location of an interpreted central peak and is locally intercalated with debris flows, mainly
in the western part of the lake and at the lake margins. Most of the lower unit is obscured by multiples as a result of high
reflection coefficients in the upper unit. As at least the upper unit appears to be undisturbed by glaciation, the lake should
yields unique information on the paleoclimatic development of the East Siberian Arctic.
This is the fourth in a series of eleven papers published in this special issue dedicated to initial studies of El'gygytgyn Crater Lake and
its catchment in NE Russia. Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk were guest editors of this special issue. 相似文献
27.
Johannes Bruns 《第四纪科学杂志》1989,4(3):267-272
Tectonic and soil mechanics investigations of a strongly plastic clay (Miocene ‘Mica Clay’) led to the detection of strain phenomena induced in connection with the formation of Elsterian buried channels. A microjoint system with randomly distributed fissures is thought to result from early Elsterian dessiccation and frost crack formation. It occurs frequently in the upper part of the clay horizon. A younger joint system, which is encountered throughout the entire clay body, comprises macrojoints arranged in three joint sets. The evidence strongly suggests that they were formed by gravitational and kinematic loading of the clay body by overriding ice. The macrojoints display various secondary alterations such as slickensides, escarpments, shear zones, erosive and pressure zones, the formation of which is seen in context with the channel incision. Investigations into the genesis of these alterations indicate a strong horizontally-orientated stress induction lateral to the channels, which resulted in stiffness modulus anisotropy. It has also caused a horizontal compression of the clay body, which at that time was already consolidated through ice overburdening. Horizontal compression of the clay led to evorsion of pore water eroding clay particles from the joint walls. Lower water content of the clay, in combination with increased dry unit weights, are found adjacent to the channels today. 相似文献
28.
29.
Knowledge of the three French underground laboratory sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
From March 1994 to August 1996, ANDRA conducted a large reconnaissance work on three sites for possible underground research laboratories. These surveys highlighted for each site the presence of a geological formation, the properties of which meet the requirements of the French Fundamental Safety Rules. On the East site, the selected formation is a 130 m thick argillite layer. On the Gard site the layer is composed of close-packed siltites which are 200–400 m thick. On the Vienne site a hercynian granodiorite batholith was found under a 160 m thick jurassic overdurden. 相似文献
30.
2.5ka来新疆吉力湖湖泊沉积记录的气候环境变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择位于西风区的吉力湖为研究对象,利用~(210)Pb、~(137)Cs和AMS~(14)C测年手段,建立了吉力湖沉积岩芯2.5ka以来的时间序列。对湖泊沉积物的粒度、总有机碳、总氮以及有机碳同位素等多环境指标的综合分析,重建了吉力湖2.5ka以来的气候环境演化特征。2.5ka以来吉力湖气候环境变化大致经历了5个阶段:500BC-50BC,暖干;50BC-650AD,冷湿,气候不稳定,冷暖波动较大;650-1350AD,暖干,对应于中世纪暖期(MWP),1350-1850AD,冷干,对应于小冰期(LIA);1850AD以来,温干,其中20世纪20年代后,尤其是70年代以来,气候变暖。吉力湖多环境指标记录的气候环境变化与其它地质记录以及历史文献记录均具有较好的一致性。 相似文献