Seasonal variations in the speciation of dissolved iodine in the Chesapeake Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

George T. F. Wong  Ling-Su Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1093-1106

The speciation of dissolved iodine and the distributions of the iodine species in the deep Chesapeake Bay underwent seasonal variations in response to changes in the prevailing redox condition. In the deep water, the ratios of iodate to iodide and iodate to inorganic iodine decreased progressively from the Winter through the Summer as the deep water became more poorly oxygenated before they rebounded in the Fall when the deep water became re-oxygenated again. The composition of the surface water followed the same trend. However, in this case, the higher biological activities in the Spring and the Summer could also have enhanced the biologically mediated reduction of iodate to iodide by phytoplankton and contributed to the lower ratios found during those seasons. Superimposed on this redox cycle was a cycle of input and removal of dissolved iodine probably as a result of the interactions between the water column and the underlying sediments. Iodine was added to the Bay during the Summer when the deep water was more reducing and removed from the Bay in the Fall when the deep water became re-oxygenated. A third cycle was the inter-conversion between inorganic iodine and ‘dissolved organic iodine’, or ‘‘DOI’’. The conversion of inorganic iodine to ‘DOI’ was more prevalent in the Spring. As a result of these biogeochemical reactions in the Bay, during exchanges between the Bay and the North Atlantic, iodate-rich and ‘DOI’-poor water was imported into the Bay while iodide- and ‘DOI’-rich water was exported to the Atlantic. The export of iodide from these geochemically reactive systems along the land margins contributes to the enrichment of iodide in the surface open oceans.  相似文献   

Accumulation of organic and inorganic carbon in Pliocene–Pleistocene sediments along the SW African margin     

Jacques Giraudeau  Philip A. Meyers  Beth A. Christensen   《Marine Geology》2002,180(1-4):49-69

The Ocean Drilling Program Leg 175 recovered a unique series of stratigraphically continuous sedimentary sections along the SW African margin, an area which is presently affected by active coastal upwelling. The accumulation rates of organic and inorganic carbon are a major component of this record. Four Leg 175 sites (1082, 1084, 1085, 1087) are chosen as part of a latitudinal transect from the present northern to southern boundaries of the Benguela Current upwelling system, to decipher the Pliocene–Pleistocene history of biogenic production and its relationship with global and local changes in oceanic circulation and climate. The pattern of CaCO₃ and C_org mass accumulation rates (MARs) over 0.25-Myr intervals indicates that the evolution of carbon burial is highly variable between the northern and the southern Benguela regions, as well as between sites that have similar hydrological conditions. This, as well as the presence over most locations of high-amplitude, rapid changes of carbon burial, reflect the partitioning of biogenic production and patterns of sedimentation into local compartments over the Benguela margin. The combined mapping of CaCO₃ and C_org MARs at the study locations suggests four distinct evolutionary periods, which are essentially linked with major steps in global climate change: the early Pliocene, the mid-Pliocene warm event, a late Pliocene intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation and the Pleistocene. The early Pliocene spatially heterogeneous patterns of carbon burial are thought to reflect the occurrence of mass-gravitational movements over the Benguela slope which resulted in disruption of the recorded biogenic production. This was followed (3.5–3 Ma) by an episode of peak carbonate accumulation over the whole margin and, subsequently, by the onset of Benguela provincialism into a northern and a southern sedimentary regime near 2 Ma. This mid and late Pliocene evolution is interpreted as a direct response to changes in the ventilation of bottom and intermediate waters, as well as to dynamics of the subtropical gyral circulation and associated wind stress.  相似文献   

浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

杨彩根  宋学宏  孙丙耀 《海洋科学》2007,31(1):6-9

用乙醇、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)、丙酮3种不同有机溶剂分别萃取苏州环城河水样中的浮游植物细胞叶绿素a,在分光光度计上测定其叶绿素a含量,试验数据经方差分析、Q检验,结果显示,乙醇法、DMF法的叶绿素a萃取率极显著高于丙酮(F=54.20＞F0.01(2,18)(6.01)).另用这3种萃取方法分别测定无常蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis irregularis )纯培养液叶绿素a含量,通过直线回归,同样证明乙醇法、DMF法重复率较高,稳定性好,萃取率高.从安全、简便、重复性高等方面综合考虑,认为用乙醇萃取法是目前水域环境中浮游植物叶绿素a简易测定的最佳方法.  相似文献   

南海南部约30 ka来沉积有机质的生物输入特征   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

贾国东  彭平安  房殿勇  汪品先 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(1):7-11

对位于南沙海区的1962柱状样中的有机质进行了热解色谱分析，估算了沉积有机质中水生生物输入和陆源生物输入的变化情况，得出了两种输入的高分辨率的堆积速率曲线，并依此探讨了有关的古海洋事件。发现Younger Dryas、Heinrich及Bond周期事件在本海区皆有表现，说明“西太平洋暖池”在末次冰期是不稳定的。  相似文献   

Quantum yield for the photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sophia C. Johannessen  William L. Miller 《Marine Chemistry》2001,76(4):108

The direct photooxidation of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) may provide a significant sink for organic carbon in the ocean. To calculate the rate of this reaction on a global scale, it is essential to know its quantum yield, or photochemical efficiency. We have determined quantum yield spectra, φ(λ), (moles DIC/mole photons absorbed) for 14 samples of seawater from environments ranging from a turbid, eutrophic bay to the Gulf Stream. The spectra vary among locations, but can be represented quite well by three pooled spectra for zones defined by location and salinity: inshore φ(λ)=e^{−(6.66+0.0285(λ−290))}; coastal φ(λ)=e^{−(6.36+0.0140(λ−290))}; and open ocean φ(λ)=e^{−(5.53+0.00914(λ−290))}. Production efficiency increases offshore, which suggests that the most highly absorbing and quickly faded terrestrial chromophores are not those directly responsible for DIC photoproduction.  相似文献   

氮磷营养盐与有机汞联合作用对微氏海链藻生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

李顺兴  郑凤英  洪华生  王大志  黄立漳 《海洋科学》2005,29(10):36-39

探讨在高营养盐（氮、磷、硅分别为浮游植物生长的营养盐阚值≥40、50、9倍）条件下，氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比值[n（N）／n（P）]变化、汞（甲基汞和乙基汞）对微氏海链藻（Thalassiosira weissflogii）生长的影响。结果表明，高营养盐区海链藻的生长遵循营养盐限制的唯一因子论；氮浓度和氮磷比提高促进生长，当n（N）／n（P）=64则呈抑制效应；生长初期，甲基汞和乙基汞均产生毒性抑制作用，生长中后期，适量甲基汞（浓度≤1．0μg／L）、乙基汞（浓度≤0．5μg／L）却呈兴奋效应，促进生长；汞形态不同，剂量-效应关系不同。氮和有机汞是海链藻生长的刺激因子。适度有机汞污染与氮富营养化对微氏海链藻的生长产生协同效应。  相似文献   

Annual Variation of Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in Shallow Coastal Waters (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Alessandra  Bertuzzi  Jadran  Faganeli Antonio  Bflmbati 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):261-278

Abstract. Benthic fluxes of dissolved N. Si and P nutrients, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic C (DIC), and O₂ from sediments in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic, Italy) were measured monthly for 16 months, using laboratory incubated flux chambers at in siru temperatures in the dark. The annual average fluxes were: 02 = -19.3 ± 8.2, DIC = 13.7 ± 9.6, NO3 = -0.04 ± 0.16, NH4 = 0.3 ± 0.4. PO₄= 4.001 ± 0.01, Si = 0.9 ± 0.1 mmol m-² d^-1, with strong temporal fluctuations. The highest effluxes of all nutrients and DIC were observed in the summer. Small effluxes of DIC and NH4 and influxes of Si and PO4 were observed in late winter. Only NH₄ (ca. 50%) and Si (ca. 70%) fluxes were significantly correlated with temperature. This correlation suggests that the rate of downward input and the quality of sedimented organic matter (autochthonous and allochthonous) were superimposed on the temperature fluctuations. High DIC, NH₄ and Si effluxes observed in May 1993 during low temperature were due to the degradation of sedimentary organic matter produced by an early spring bloom of benthic microalgae which occurred about 6 weeks earlies while the autumn phytoplankton bloom was simultaneously reflected in enhanced benthic fluxes due to higher temperature. The role of benthic biological advection in this transport across the sediment-water interface, evaluated by comparison between measured benthic and calculated diffusive fluxes from nutrient pore water concentrations, was of minor importance. This is probably due to low infaunal activity throughout the year it was localized mostly in the narrow surficial layer. The annual average diffusive fluxes of NH4 and PO4 were higher than those measured, probably due to the presence of nitrificationdenitrifi-cation processes and redox-dependent chemical reactions at the oxic sediment-water interface, respectively. Only during bottom-water hypoxia in September 1993 did strong PO₄ effluxes prevail. Calculations based on the Redfield stoichiometry of oxic decomposition of organic N to NH4 and NO3, and differences between diffusive and measured NH₄ fluxes showed that denitrifkation averaged 0.8 mmol m^-2 d^-1. Significant correlations between NH₄ and PO₄ DIC and Si, and NH4 and Si fluxes suggested their parallel regeneration and utilization at the sediment-water interface. The nutrient fluxes observed were not significantly linked to O₂ consumption, suggesting also that anaerobic oxidation processes were important at the sediment-water interface in the gulf. The N, P and Si nutriqnts released from sediment pore waters are probably utilized in benthic microalgal and bottorn-hater primary production. This indicates that pelagic and benthic communities in the central part of the Gulf of Trieste function relatively independently of each other.  相似文献   

2001-2002年天目湖(沙河水库)浮游植物的生态学研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张运林  陈伟民  周万平  杨顶田  江晶 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(2):31-37

2001年6月~2002年5月,对天目湖进行的浮游植物周年调查表明,天目湖共有浮游植物7门75属,其中年平均丰度为5026.20×104个/L,以蓝藻为主,占总丰度的54.45%;而年平均生物量为(15.364±9.103)mg/L,其中硅藻居首位,为6.634 mg/L,占浮游植物年平均生物量的43.18%;其周年变化是丰度和生物量最高值均出现在5月,丰度在5月和9月出现2个峰值,而生物量则在5、7、10月出现3个峰值。浮游植物丰度从大坝处1#点到河流入湖口的9#、10#点变化不明显但略有增加,而生物量则呈明显增加。通过对水温、透明度、营养盐与浮游植物丰度和生物量的线性回归分析发现,浮游植物丰度、生物量与水温、TP存在显著的正相关,而与N/P比、透明度存在显著性负相关,与TN相关性不是很明显。  相似文献   

Distributions of dissolved and particulate biogenic thiols in the subartic Pacific Ocean     

Christopher L. Dupont  James. W. Moffett  Robert R. Bidigare  Beth A. Ahner 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(12):1961-1974

Dissolved and particulate concentrations of the biogenic thiols cysteine (Cys), arginine–cysteine (Arg–Cys), glutamine–cysteine (Gln–Cys), γ-glutamate–cysteine (γ-Glu–Cys) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in the subartic Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2003 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with precolumn derivatization as reported in previous work. In this study, a preconcentration protocol for the derivatized thiols was utilized to extend detection limits of dissolved thiols to picomolar levels. The measured concentrations of particulate and dissolved thiols were uncoupled, with distinctive depth profiles and large differences in the particulate to dissolved ratios between individual compounds. Glutathione was the most abundant particulate thiol whereas the most abundant dissolved thiol was γ-Glu–Cys, with concentrations as high as 15 nM. Given the relatively small pool of intracellular γ-Glu–Cys and the very low dissolved concentrations of GSH, we hypothesize that glutathione released from cells is rapidly converted to the potentially degradation resistant γ-Glu–Cys outside the cell. The relatively high concentrations of other dissolved thiols compared to particulate concentrations implies both biological exudation and slow degradation rates. Some thiols appear to vary with changes in nutrient availability but this effect is difficult to decouple from changes in community structure inferred from pigment analyses. Dissolved thiol concentrations also exceed typical metal concentrations in the subartic Pacific, supporting previous arguments that they may be important in metal speciation.  相似文献   

化学生态调控对鳌山湾氮磷营养盐的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

辛福言  陈碧鹃  曲克明  崔毅  赵俊  过锋  袁有宪 《海洋学报》2002,24(3):136-141

鳌山湾,是一个营养类型特殊的海湾,湾中基本无径流输入,呈“C”字形,封闭性较强,水较浅,湾内主要有筏式扇贝养殖和底播贝类养殖,沿岸有滩涂池塘养殖.根据1996年11月至1998年5月的调查结果得知,鳌山湾海域为贫营养海域[1,2].为探讨贫营养海域进行化学生态调控的可能性,利用鳌山湾的封闭性,根据其水交换规律[3],于1999年6月首次对鳌山湾进行了全湾规模较大的化学生态调控试验,旨在有效提高鳌山湾的营养水平,为今后在贫营养海域合理发展海水养殖业提供科学依据,获得了十分理想的效果.  相似文献