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根据2003-2010年5-10月份海洋环境监测航次调查的资料,分析了烟台四十里湾海域营养盐的年际变化规律、结构特征及其影响因素。结果表明,8年来四十里湾海域营养盐DIN、SiO3-Si呈逐渐上升的趋势,PO4-P含量增加的趋势不明显。季节变化上,调查海区的夏季和秋季正处于丰水期,受降雨、陆源输入的影响,营养盐含量整体较高。调查海域Si∶N∶P的原子比8年来逐渐偏离了Redfield系数,呈不断升高的趋势;可以看出四十里湾海域正向P相对缺乏方向演变,且趋势逐年加重。潜在性富营养化评价模式评价结果表明,2003-2006年,四十里湾调查海域处于贫营养(Ⅰ)水平,2007-2010年,处于磷限制中度营养(ⅣP)水平;调查海域从贫营养逐渐过渡到中度营养状态。工业废水、生活污水、农业及污水处理厂等陆源输入给四十里湾带来了大量的营养盐;湾内养殖的多种经济双壳贝类和养殖中的污损动物的排泄及其残留物对海域营养物质有着非常显著的贡献。 相似文献
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将改进的干湿网格技术引入到POM模型中,通过坐标变换,合理安排计算区域,对流沙湾海域的三维潮流场进行了数值模拟.模拟结果与实测数据吻合较好.模拟结果表明:流沙湾海域属正规日潮,潮流运动是带有旋转流的往复流运动;涨潮历时大于落潮历时;落潮流速大于涨潮流速;余流较强,基本指向外港.采用垂向平均的水平二维对流扩散方程来模拟流沙湾污染物的浓度变化.结果表明:在Ⅱ类国家海水水质标准的要求下,流沙湾COD的环境容量约为906吨/年,交换率为78％;无机氮约为105吨/年,交换率为97％;活性磷酸盐约为11吨/年,交换率为97％.整个流沙湾海域水环境质量很好,海水自净能力强,对各种污染物的交换能力强.结合水质、水动力和容量计算结果,可以认为流沙湾海域水质属较贫营养类型,虽然较大的剩余环境容量是我们所希望的,然而结合具体养殖对象看,流沙湾海域低含量的氮、磷营养盐反而在一定程度上制约了流沙湾养殖业的健康发展.因此,环境管理不仅要考虑环境容量,还应结合具体海域使用特点进行合理规划,以促进海域生态健康发展. 相似文献
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海陵湾水环境要素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析2001年冬季和2002年夏季海陵湾附近海域涨、落潮表底层水体中水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧、化学耗氧量、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵盐、活性磷酸盐和叶绿素a的时空分布特征的基础上,应用营养状态质量指数(INQ)的方法评价该海域的水体富营养化状况,用多元线性回归的方法分析叶绿素a与水环境要素的相互关系。结果表明,该海域水体污染尚轻,各环境因子在涨、落潮时无明显变化,水域的初级生产力从过去由N控制转变为现在由P控制,水体营养状况介于贫营养至中营养水平,叶绿素a与水环境要素相关性良好(相关系数r>0.81)。 相似文献
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大亚湾营养物质变异特征 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
利用大亚湾现场调查和室内模拟数据,以及大亚湾生态网络17～18年8个航次的现场调查资料,采用营养状态质量指数(NQI)的方法评价大亚湾海域富营养化水平,结果表明,大亚湾海域除部分养殖海区为中营养状态外,大部分为贫营养状态;溶解态的无机磷和硅在过去10a多有较大幅度的下降,而溶解态的无机氮、溶解氧和叶绿素a则上升;浮游植物生长由过去认为由氮控制转变为现在由磷控制.分析了养殖海区底层海水、上覆水、沉积物间隙水中营养盐的含量及其化学形态.估算了沉积物-海水界面营养盐扩散通量,NH4+,NO2-,NO3-,HPO42-,H4SiO4平均通量分别为302.0,-0.06,-1.82,2.53,47.6μmol/(m2·d).室内模拟了天然海水体系表层沉积物营养盐的吸附-解吸及其磷酸盐在沉积物上的吸附等温线.论述了大亚湾海域营养盐与赤潮的关系. 相似文献
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以1997年8月中旬和2011年10月中旬对三门湾附近海域开展的海域水质现状调查为依据,分析了近15 a间该海域水体环境氮、磷营养盐的分布现状及变化特征。结果表明:近15 a来,三门湾海域的无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量均成倍增长,水体营养程度由轻度富营养化逐步上升为重度富营养化;从营养结构来看,活性磷酸盐仍为限制性富营养化因子;大量的海水养殖是导致该海域营养盐大幅提高的直接原因。因此,为控制三门湾的富营养化现象进一步加剧,建议适度控制海水养殖规模,调整海水养殖结构,加强对三门湾沿岸排污控制,以获得养殖经济效益和生态环境效益的协调、可持续发展。 相似文献
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为探讨浒苔绿潮消亡腐败过程中的营养盐释放规律以及浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂对海水水质的影响，在室外模拟近岸浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂过程，并于2018年6月在浒苔绿潮靠岸前开始对主要浒苔绿潮聚积地(鳌山湾、鳌山湾口的海参池、石老人海域)进行观测，实时记录浒苔腐烂状况及对周边环境的影响。模拟实验结果表明:各形态氮、磷营养盐在浒苔腐烂分解过程中升高明显，且以溶解有机态、颗粒态为主。其中生物量为5 g/L实验组溶解有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen，DON)、颗粒态氮(Particulate Nitrogen，PN)、溶解有机磷(Dissolved Organic Phosphorus，DOP)、颗粒态磷(Particulate Phosphorus，PP)的浓度在浒苔腐烂分解过程中达本底浓度的5～10倍以上。现场调查结果显示，随着浒苔绿潮在青岛近岸聚积，各调查站点的溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen，DIN)、DON、DOP受浒苔绿潮吸收影响均降至最低值，后随着浒苔绿潮腐烂逐渐上升，水质恶化。其中鳌山湾受浒苔绿潮腐烂影响最为严重，在调查期间水体甚至劣于二类水质。PN、PP为调查区内营养盐的主要赋存形式，其中鳌山湾海域PP变化最为明显，随着浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂达到最高值(2.02 μmol/L)。相比于鳌山湾，石老人海域海水交换能力强且在浒苔绿潮靠岸后进行了及时拦截打捞，受浒苔绿潮消亡腐烂影响较小。浒苔绿潮靠岸聚积腐烂，使海域内营养盐含量与结构明显变化，影响海域浮游植物群落结构的稳定,可能引发赤潮等次生生态灾害。因此需要及时清理聚积在青岛近岸的浒苔，避免其腐烂对周边环境造成影响。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献