Investigating the presence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in wild and farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from the Western Mediterranean sea     

Serrano R  Barreda M  Blanes MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(5):963-972

The presence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in wild and farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from the Western Mediterranean, Spain, is investigated. These pollutants were determined in white and red muscle and liver by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Contaminant profiles present in both wild and farmed fish tissues include DDTs, PCBs and HCB. The highest concentrations of contaminants were found in liver, and an increase in pollutant levels was observed in autumn, before spawning. This fact is explained in light of increased food intake when sea water temperatures increase. Gilthead sea bream from Western Mediterranean populations showed significantly higher concentrations of DDTs and PCBs than farmed fish from the same area. This fact is attributed to the low level of organochlorine contaminants present in fish feed supplied to the cultured fish. The diet is highlighted as an important factor in understanding differences observed in organochlorine pollutants levels of fish tissues.  相似文献   

Effects of water extraction in a vulnerable phreatic aquifer: Consequences for groundwater contamination by pesticides, Sint-Jansteen area, The Netherlands     

Irina Gaus 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(2):218-229

Pesticides are a potential threat to the quality of extracted groundwater when the water-supply area is used for agricultural activities. This problem is discussed for the water-supply area of Sint-Jansteen, The Netherlands, where measured pesticide concentrations in the extracted water regularly exceed EU limits (0.1 μg/L). Groundwater samples taken from the aquifer within the water-supply area show low contamination, but samples taken from the extracted water occasionally contain pesticides, making the water inadequate for drinking-water purposes. The more intense contamination of the extracted water is caused by the change in the natural groundwater flow pattern near the extraction wells. In this area, pesticide use cannot be avoided easily, and an approach is given to differentiate pesticide use in the area according to expected travel time toward the wells and the chemical characteristics of the pesticides. A groundwater flow model for the area is developed and the effects of groundwater extraction on the natural flow pattern are evaluated. Using particle tracking, the travel-time zones are determined. Combining these results and the degradation behavior of certain pesticides led to an optimal scheme to integrate agricultural activities and groundwater extraction in the area. This is illustrated for five different types of pesticides (atrazine, simazine, bentazone, MCPA, and mecoprop). Received, October 1998/Revised, July 1999, September 1999/Accepted, November 1999  相似文献   

Water Quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past Perspectives, Current Issues and New Research Directions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

David Haynes  Kirsten Michalek-Wagner 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):428-434

Elevated sediment and nutrient concentrations have long been regarded as the pre-eminent water quality threats to the Great Barrier Reef, with the potential risk posed by other pollutants such as heavy metals, persistent chlorohydrocarbons, PCBs and petroleum related compounds considered to be of lesser consequence. However, the management focus on these latter types of pollutants has recently shifted to acknowledge the potential impact posed by diuron, dioxins, dieldrin, and mercury and cadmium concentrations detected in sediments and biota along the Great Barrier Reef and southern Queensland coastline. In general, these threats originate from areas dominated by intensive cropping agriculture and are exacerbated by high rainfall and erosion rates in the wet tropics region of the Queensland coast. Maintenance of long-term monitoring programmes, which utilize innovative data acquisition techniques will enable assessment of change in environmentally relevant pollutant concentrations over time. However, improved land management practices, which include an immediate minimization of vegetation clearance and responsible use of pesticides and fertilizers in Queensland are essential if water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area is to be maintained and protected.  相似文献   

苯乙烯型大孔树脂对海水中微量有机磷农药的吸附性能研究     

孟范平  马冬冬  姚瑞华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):303-306,302

为获得不含农药的当地海水在利用酶传感器监测海水有机磷农药时作为对照溶液使用,选用苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5作为吸附剂,对含马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的海水样品进行动态吸附研究。发现该树脂较适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在温度10℃,流速0.5mL.min-1的条件下,10g树脂制成的吸附柱处理含500μg.L-1马拉硫磷的海水样品(乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率为30.0%),出水的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性抑制率仅为0.4%,而对海水自身的性质没有显著影响。结果表明:苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在海水有机磷农药的酶传感器监测中有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Polychlorobiphenyl and pesticide residues in monkfish Lophius piscatorius and black scabbard Aphanopus carbo from the Rockall Trough     

Mormede  Sophie; Davies  Ian M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(3):725-736

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Field accumulative behavior of organochlorine pesticides. The role of crabs and sediment characteristics in coastal environments     

Menone ML  Miglioranza KS  Botto F  Iribarne O  Aizpún de Moreno JE  Moreno VJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(12):1717-1724

The influence of intertidal crab beds on the concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pesticides in sediment was studied in two different coastal environments in Argentina. Samples of male burrowing crabs (Chasmagnathus granulatus) were collected for this study. Our field data showed lower bioaccumulation of OC pesticides in crabs from sediments with a higher total organic carbon (TOC) and higher clay content. Thus, concentrations in crabs depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment where they live more than on the OC pesticide concentrations in the environment. The distribution patterns in sediment from inside and outside crab burrows were similar for both coastal areas being HCHs  γ-chlordane > p,p′-DDE for San Antonio Bay (SAO), and HCHs > p,p′-DDE  γ-chlordane for Mar Chiquita (MCh) coastal lagoon. OC pesticide concentrations in sediment were significantly lower inside than outside crab burrows, irrespective of the sediment physico-chemical characteristics due to the bioturbation activity of C. granulatus.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in urban air of Konya, Turkey     

Senar Ozcan  Mehmet Emin Aydin   《Atmospheric Research》2009,93(4):715-722

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in urban air samples of Konya, Turkey between August 2006 and May 2007. The concentrations of pollutants in both the gas and particulate phase were separately analysed. The average total (gas + particulate) concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs were determined as 206 ng m^− 3, 0.106 ng m^− 3, 4.78 ng m^− 3 respectively. All of the investigated target compounds were dominantly found in the gas phase except OCPs. Higher air concentrations of PAHs were found at winter season while the highest concentrations of PCBs were determined in September. The highest OCPs were detected in October and in March. In urban air of Konya, PCB 28 and PCB 52 congeners represent 46% and 35% of total PCBs while Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene accounted for 29%, 13%, 10% of total PAHs. HCH compounds (α + β + γ + δ-HCH), total DDTs (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT), Endosulfan compounds (Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan sulfate) were dominantly determined as 30%, 21%, 20% of total OCPs respectively. Considering the relation between these compounds with temperature, there was no significant correlation observed. Despite banned/restricted use in Turkey, some OCPs were determined in urban air. These results demonstrated that they are either illegally being used in the course of agricultural activity and gardens in Konya or they are residues of past use in environment. According to these results, it can be suggested that Konya is an actively contributing region to persistent organic pollutants in Turkey.  相似文献   

新江湾城开发区表层土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

武振艳  杨永亮  安丽华  焦杏春  路国慧  刘晓端  徐清  谢文明 《岩矿测试》2010,29(3):231-235

利用电子捕获检测器气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定新江湾城表层土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs),六六六类(HCHs)和滴滴涕类(DDTs)化合物均被检出,HCHs含量为0.81~2.84 ng/g,平均1.90 ng/g;DDTs含量为9.37~130.8 ng/g,平均43.9 ng/g。HCHs都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级水平,但是有两个站点的DDTs超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级水平。7种多氯联苯(7PCBs)含量为1.83~8.46 ng/g,平均3.99 ng/g,以四氯代PCB 52和六氯代PCB 138残留最高。PCBs污染主要集中在火力发电厂处,并向周边蔓延,反映了PCBs污染的来源与电力设备有关,其污染来源很有可能来自历史上变压器油泄漏物的残留及来自工业区的新的PCBs输入。  相似文献   

微波萃取-气相色谱/气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中18种有机氯农药   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

李庆霞  刘亚轩  陈卫明  张勤 《岩矿测试》2010,29(2):118-122

采用微波萃取-Florisil固相萃取柱净化分离、气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱相结合的方法测定土壤中的痕量半挥发性有机氯农药。优化了微波萃取和固相萃取柱净化条件,在最优条件下18种有机氯农药(α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、七氯、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、硫丹Ⅰ、p,p′-DDE、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、硫丹Ⅱ、p,p′-DDD、o,p′-DDT、异狄氏剂醛、硫丹硫酸酯、p,p′-DDT、甲氧滴滴涕)的回收率在89.56%~114.22%。对气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱法的仪器检出限、回收率、精密度和方法检出限进行对比,确定了采用气相色谱-质谱定性和气相色谱定量相结合的方法,测定实际土壤样品中的有机氯农药,使得定性和定量的准确度都得到提高。  相似文献   

广州市海珠区有机氯农药污染状况及其土-气交换   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

朱晓华  杨永亮  路国慧  吴学丽  何俊  罗松光 《岩矿测试》2010,29(2):91-96

通过在冬夏两季对广州市海珠区表层土壤和空气样品中有机氯农药的采样和分析,对有机氯农药残留现状和潜在生态风险进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中六六六类(HCHs)含量水平在2007年冬季和2008年夏季分别为0.57~8.77 ng/g和0.30~14.9 ng/g,平均值分别为2.87 ng/g和3.04 ng/g,都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级自然背景值。冬季和夏季滴滴涕类(DDTs)含量水平分别为3.69~697.7 ng/g和0.88~263.3 ng/g,平均值分别为85.5 ng/g和39.4 ng/g。海珠区部分地点DDTs超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级自然背景值。DDTs为该区域表层土壤中主要的有机氯农药残留。在研究区域对逸度模型进行了初步应用。  相似文献