Gaseous and Particulate Oxidized and Reduced Nitrogen Species in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Scandinavia in Spring     

Asgeir Sorteberg  Øystein Hov  Sverre Solberg  Kjetil Tørseth  Hans Areskoug  Martin Ferm  Kit Granby  Heikki Lättilä  Karin Persson  David Simpson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(2):241-271

Observations of the concentration of several nitrogen containing compounds at five rural Scandinavian sites during March–June 1993 are reported. Total nitrate (NO ₃ ^- + HNO₃) and total ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ + NH₃) were measured by denuder and filter pack. In general the methods agree well. At all sites the particulate fraction dominated, with the largest fraction of NO ₃ ^- and the lowest of NH ₄ ⁺ at the sites which were closest to the emission sources. The fraction of NO ₃ ^- of total nitrate increased with increasing NO₂ concentrations, indicating that the nighttime conversion of NO₂ to NO ₃ ^- is an important route of formation for NO ₃ ^- . A positive correlation was found between HNO₃ and O₃ in June at all sites, while no correlation was found early in the spring. Model calculations were made with a lagrangian boundary layer photooxidant model for the whole period, and compared to the measured concentrations. The calculated ratio between mean observed and modelled daily maximum concentrations of ozone over the measurement period were within +/–10% at all sites. The models ability to describe the daily ozone maximum concentration was satisfactory with an average deviation of 19–22% from the observed concentrations. HNO₃ was underestimated by over 50% at all sites except the one closest to the emission sources. The correlation between modelled and observed concentrations was generally best for the sites with shortest transport distance from the sources of emission.  相似文献   

Validation of Ground-Based Visible Measurements of Total Ozone by Comparison with Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometers     

M. Van Roozendael  P. Peeters  H. K. Roscoe  H. De Backer  A. E. Jones  L. Bartlett  G. Vaughan  F. Goutail  J.-P. Pommereau  E. Kyro  C. Wahlstrom  G. Braathen  P. C. Simon 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(1):55-83

Comparisons of total column ozone measurements from Dobson, Brewer and SAOZ instruments are presented for the period 1990 to 1995 at seven stations covering the mid- and the high northern latitudes, as well as the Antarctic region. The main purpose of these comparisons is to assess, by reference to the well established Dobson network, the accuracy of the zenith-sky visible spectroscopy for the measurement of total ozone. The strengths and present limitations of this latter technique are investigated. As a general result, the different instruments are found to agree within a few percent at all stations, the best agreement being obtained at mid-latitudes. On average, for the mid-latitudes, SAOZ O₃ measurements are approximately 2% higher than Dobson ones, with a scatter of about 5%. At higher latitudes, both scatter and systematic deviation tend to increase. In all cases, the relative differences between SAOZ and Dobson or Brewer column ozone are characterised by a significant seasonal signal, the amplitude of which increases from about 2.5% at mid-latitude to a maximum of 7.5% at Faraday, Antarctica. Although it introduces a significant contribution to the seasonality at high latitude, the temperature sensitivity of the O₃ absorption coefficients of the Dobson and Brewer instruments is shown to be too small to account for the observed SAOZ/Dobson differences. Except for Faraday, these differences can however be largely reduced if SAOZ AMFs are calculated with realistic climatological profiles of ozone, pressure and temperature. Other sources of uncertainties that might affect the comparison are investigated. Evidence is found that the differences in the air masses sampled by the SAOZ and the other instruments contribute significantly to the scatter, and the impact of the tropospheric clouds on SAOZ measurements is displayed.  相似文献   

Meteorological Aspects, Ozone, and Solar Radiation Measurements During POPCORN 1994     

Theo Brauers  Hans-Peter Dorn  Helmut Koch  Annette B. Kraus  Christian Plass-Dülmer 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,31(1-2):33-52

Meteorological data, ozone mixing ratios, and photolysis frequencies for the period August 2 to August 24, 1994, are presented and discussed in support of the field campaign POPCORN (Photochemistry of Plant Emitted Compounds and OH Radicals in Northeastern Germany). Measurements of temperature, ozone, and wind speed at different heights are used to evaluate micro-meteorological parameters. The observations provide information about local influences on the air mass composition. The analysis of radio sonde data of nearby stations provides the height of the planetary boundary layer.  相似文献   

CALCULATION OF AIR-MASS FACTORS FOR O_3     

陈洪滨  王普才 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(4)

In conversion of the integrated slant column amount of atmospheric ozone(O_3)measured bythe ground-based spectrometer technique during twilight to the vertical quantity,the air-massfactor(AMF)is an important parameter.In this work,calculations of AMF for ozone wereperformed for different atmospheres.It is shown that the O_3 AMF has seasonal variations with theminimum at the beginning of spring and the maximum in summer due to the seasonal change in thevertical distributions of O_3.A parameterization relation is obtained between O_3 AMF and opticalthickness of stratospheric volcanic aerosols based on the Monte-Carlo radiative transfersimulations.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF SOLAR FLARE ON THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE     

王英鉴 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(4)

The SME satellite data of solar UV radiation and mesospheric ozone during solar flare in 1982are analyzed.The results show that the Ha line index used in the solar flare classification is not aproper parameter for studying the effects of solar activity on the photochemical process in themiddle atmosphere.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF SOLAR FLARE ON THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE^*          下载免费PDF全文

Wang Yingjian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(4):463-468

The SME satellite data of solar UV radiation and mesospheric ozone during solar flare in 1982 are analyzed.The results show that the Ha line index used in the solar flare classification is not a proper parameter for studying the effects of solar activity on the photochemical process in the middle atmosphere.  相似文献   

东亚地区夏季风活动与对流层顶臭氧含量变化的关系探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭世昌  刘佳  吕达仁  李跃清  戴敏  李琼 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(6):1-6,12

利用1976～2001年东亚地区的风场、气压场和对流层顶臭氧浓度观测资料,选取并计算了3种当前使用较为广泛的东亚季风指数,分析了夏季期间上述指数与对流层顶臭氧的相关,从而对东亚地区季风活动与对流层顶臭氧含量分布的关系进行了探讨.分析表明:(1)东亚SMI夏季风指数的强弱与西太平洋副热带高压区的对流层顶臭氧之间存在着正相关,且相关性较好;(2)指数EAMI与对流层顶臭氧存在相关,具体表现为在南海热带季风区存在着负相关、在大陆--日本副热带季风区存在正相关、西太平洋副热带高压区存在较好的正相关;(3)而在副热带梅雨锋区,EASMI指数的强弱与对流层顶臭氧含量变化存在较好的正相关,在热带季风槽区,EASMI指数的强弱与对流层顶臭氧含量变化存在较好的负相关.  相似文献   

The annual cycle of peroxides and ozone in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania     

G. P. Ayers  S. A. Penkett  R. W. Gillett  B. Bandy  I. E. Galbally  C. P. Meyer  C. M. Elsworth  S. T. Bentley  B. W. Forgan 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,23(3):221-252

The concentration of gas-phase peroxides has been measured almost continuously at the Cape Grim baseline station (41° S) over a period of 393 days (7702 h of on-line measurements) between February 1991 and March 1992. In unpolluted marine air a distinct seasonal cycle in concentration was evident, from a monthly mean value of>1.4 ppbv in summer (December) to <0.2 ppbv in winter (July). In the summer months a distinct diurnal cycle in peroxides was also observed in clean marine air, with a daytime build-up in concentration and decay overnight. Both the seasonal and diurnal cycles of peroxides concentration were anticorrelated with ozone concentration, and were largely explicable using a simple photochemical box model of the marine boundary layer in which the central processes were daytime photolytic destruction of ozone, transfer of reactive oxygen into the peroxides under the low-NO_x ambient conditions that favour self-reaction between peroxy radicals, and continuous heterogeneous removal of peroxides at the ocean surface. Additional factors affecting peroxides concentrations at intermediate timescales (days to a week) were a dependence on air mass origin, with air masses arriving at Cape Grim from higher latitudes having lower peroxides concentrations, a dependence on local wind speed, with higher peroxides concentrations at lower wind speeds, and a systematic decrease in peroxides concentration during periods of rainfall. Possible physical mechanisms for these synoptic scale dependencies are discussed.  相似文献   

全球大气位温的两个不等价约束及其服从Gamma分布的证明   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马力  张学文 《大气科学》1996,20(6):713-719

本文对全球大气位温积分守恒和热力学总熵守恒的物理含义及其不等价性进行了讨论。认为，作为对大气热力学状态较完整的描述，应将大气热力学总熵守恒这一约束条件补入数值预报模式中去。利用最大熵原理和上述两个约束条件，在理论上对大气位温服从Gamma分布这一从实际资料中揭示出来的事实进行了证明，得到了理论与实际完全吻合的结果。  相似文献   

Boundary-Layer Ozone in Croatia   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

T. Cvitas  N. Kezele  L. Klasinc 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,28(1-3):125-134

An analysis of ozone distribution in the atmosphericboundary layer based on monitoring data from two TORstations in Croatia is given. The levels were found tobe generally higher than expected for the continentalbackground. At the Puntijarka station, which can betaken as representative for the region, high valuesare mainly associated with transport from the west.The RBI station represents an urban site withoccasional photosmog situations. Short termmeasurements along the Adriatic coast have shown thatthere is a negative north to south gradient in ozoneconcentration as predicted by model calculations, butalso that some local photochemical production takesplace even at the remote Adriatic island far frompollution sources.  相似文献